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11.
目的 探讨短时静-静脉血液滤过(SVVH)在小儿重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的策略和疗效.方法 将我院2006年5月至2010年5月收治的27例小儿重症急性胰腺炎患儿按治疗方法分为常规治疗组(A组)和常规治疗+SVVH组(B组),对其血液滤过参数、临床疗效、并发症和住院费用进行统计分析.结果 治疗后3 d与治疗前相比,在A组内,WBC(20.5±3.8)×109/L比(14.3±2.7)×109/L、AMS(781.6±187.5)U/L比(603.2±113.1)U/L、BUN(11.1±2.7)mmol/L比(8.4±1.8)mmol/L、CRP(294.5±37.7)mg/L比(171.5±34.5)mg/L、血Ca2+(1.6±0.4)mmol/L比(2.2±0.2)mmol/L、Na+浓度(128.0±6.0)mmol/L比(137.1±2.9)mmol/L及PaO2(73.9±12.1)mmHg比(85.2±5.3)mmHg等方面差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),UAMY(2606.9±963.9)U/L比(1782.2±878.0)U/L的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在B组内,WBC(20.1±4.8)×109/L比(9.4±3.2)×109/L、AMS(815.8±186.9)U/L比(280.1±93.9)U/L、UAMY(2706.1±961.2)U/L比(948.2±719.7)U/L、BUN(11.3±1.7)mmol/L比(5.2±2.4)mmol/L、CRP(301.9±48.7)mg/L比(87.3±34.2)mg/L、血Ca2+(1.8±0.4)mmol/L比(2.3±0.1)mmol/L、Na+浓度(127.0±6.7)mmol/L比(140.3±3.0)mmol/L及PaO2(74.7±10.4)mmHg比(93.3±5.7)mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),K+(5.5±1.5)mmol/L比(4.5±0.6)mmol/L的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间在治疗后3 d相比,WBC(14.3±2.7)×109/L比(9.4±3.2)×109/L、AMS(603.2±113.1)U/L比(280.1±93.9)U/L、BUN(8.4±1.8)mmol/L比(5.2±2.4)mmol/L及CRP(171.5±34.5)mg/L比(87.3±34.2)mg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),在血UAMY(1782.2±878.0)U/L比(948.2±719.7)U/L、Ca2+(2.2±0.2)mmol/L比(2.3±0.1)mmol/L、Na+浓度(137.1±2.9)mmol/L比(140.3±3.0)mmol/L和PaO2(85.2±5.3)mmHg比(93.3±5.7)mmHg间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而血K+浓度(4.9±1.0)mmol/L比(4.5±0.6)mmol/L的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组在腹痛缓解时间、AMS恢复正常时间、住院天数和住院费用上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗效果、治疗3 d后John评分上的差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 药物联合早期SVVH治疗小儿急性胰腺炎效果满意.
Abstract:
Objective To review the strategy and therapeutic effect of short term venous-venous hemofiltration (SVVH) in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in children. Methods Thirty-nine children with SAP hospitalized between May 2006 and May 2010, were treated with two therapeutic strategies; routine management (Group A) and routine combined with SVVH treatment (Group B). The biochemical indicators, clinical effects, complications, cost and hospitalization duration were analyzed retrospectively. Results Comparing the data at the onset with those after threedays therapy, the biochemical indicators including WBC counts, AMS, UAMY, BUN, CRP, Ca2+ ,Na+ and PaO2 significantly improved in group A (P<0. 01). In group B, all the biochemical indicators (WBC Counts, AMS, UAMY, BUN, CRP, Ca2+ , K+ , Na+ , PaO2 ) showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Between the two groups, some of the day 3 results, including WBC,AMS, CRP, showed significant differences(P<0.01). The level of UAMY, Ca2+, Na+ and PaO2also showed statisticcal differences (P<0. 05), but there were no difference in K+ (P>0. 05). With respect to the disappearance of abdominal pain and return to normal of AMS, the cost and hospitalization, the differences between the two groups was significant (P<0. 01) Treatment effects and John's scoring on day 3 also demonstrated statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Conclusions The strategy of routine combined with SVVH is a viable treatment for severe acute pancreatitis of children.  相似文献   
12.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a potent vasoconstrictor released from the sympathetic nerves, has been suggested to counterbalance sepsis-induced vasodilation. Thus, the changes in plasma and tissue NPY concentrations in relation to hemodynamic variables and inflammatory markers in a porcine model of moderate septic shock were investigated. Susceptibility of NPY to be removed by continuous hemofiltration in two settings has been also studied. Thirty-four domestic pigs were divided into five groups: (i) control group; (ii) control group with conventional hemofiltration; (iii) septic group; (iv) septic group with conventional hemofiltration; and (v) septic group with high-volume hemofiltration. Sepsis induced by fecal peritonitis continued for 22 h. Hemofiltration was applied for the last 10 h. Hemodynamic and inflammatory parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and NPY) were measured before and at 12 and 22 h of peritonitis. NPY tissue levels were determined in the left ventricle and mesenteric and coronary arteries. Sepsis induced long-lasting increases in the systemic NPY levels without affecting its tissue concentrations. Continuous hemofiltration at any dose did not reduce sepsis-induced elevations in NPY plasma concentrations, nor did it affect the peptide tissue levels. The increases in NPY systemic levels were significantly correlated with changes in the systemic vascular resistance. The results support the hypothesis of NPY implication in the regulation of the vascular resistance under septic conditions and indicate that NPY clearance rate during hemofiltration does not exceed the capacity of perivascular nerves to release it.  相似文献   
13.
《Renal failure》2013,35(3):325-335
Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is increasingly used in managing acute renal failure (ARF) as it offers hemodynamic stability and significant solute clearance in this setting. However, it also requires anticoagulation. Traditionally, heparin has been the anticoagulant of choice but this increases hemorrhagic risk in already high-risk ARF patients. Regional citrate anticoagulation offsets this risk. However, it can be difficult to manipulate regional anticoagulation in CRRT. Moreover, citrate CRRT has been plagued by short optimal filter patency times. Methods: We designed a novel citrate-based anticoagulation schema for continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVHF). We implemented this schema prospectively in caring for 24 individuals admitted to the intensive care unit with ARF requiring CRRT. Each individual had a contraindication to systemic anticoagulation. We evaluated filter patency using Kaplan-Meier methodology, comparing the effect of this citrate-CVVHF system to historical, saline-flush control CVVHF systems. Results: 58 filters ran for a total of 2637.5 h. Average filter patency time was 45.4 ± 25.5 h. At 48 h, 70% of the CVVHF-citrate system filters remained patent compared to only 16% of historical control saline-flush systems (p = 0.0001). The average filtered urea nitrogen/blood urea nitrogen ratio was 0.84 ± 0.06 with an average urea clearance of 28.5 ± 4.1 mL/min for CVVHF-citrate-treated individuals. Only three patients experienced transient complications related to CVVHF-citrate with resolution of these complications within 24 h. Ultimately, 58.3% of the CVVHF-citrate-treated patients survived to ICU discharge. Conclusions: This novel CVVHF-citrate system achieved excellent clearance and dramatically improved filter patency compared to saline-flush systems. Moreover, it did so with minimal toxicity.  相似文献   
14.
《Renal failure》2013,35(5):645-653
Background and Objectives: Different techniques of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) might have different effects on azotemic control. Accordingly, we tested whether continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) or continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) would achieve better control of serum creatinine and plasma urea levels. Design: Retrospective controlled study. Setting: Two tertiary Intensive Care Units. Patients: Critically ill patients with acute renal failure (ARF) treated with CVVHDF (n = 49) or CVVH (n = 50). Interventions: Retrieval of daily morning urea and creatinine values before and after the initiation of CRRT for up to 2 weeks of treatment. Measurements and Results: Before treatment, serum urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly lower in the CVVH group than in CVVHDF group (urea: 31.0 ± 15.0 mmol/L for CVVHDF and 24.7 ± 16.1 mmol/L for CVVH, p = 0.01, creatinine: 547 ± 308 µmol/L vs. 326 ± 250 µmol/L, p < 0.0001). These differences were still significant after 48 h of treatment (urea: 20.1 ± 8.3 mmol/L vs. 14.1 ± 6.1 mmol/L; p = 0.0003, creatinine: 360 ± 189 µmol/L vs. 215 ± 118 µmol/L; p < 0.0001). Throughout the duration of therapy, mean urea levels (22.3 ± 9.0 mmol/L for CVVHDF vs. 16.7 ± 7.8 mmol/L for CVVH, p < 0.0001) and mean creatinine levels (302 ± 167 vs. 211 ± 103 µmol/L, p < 0.0001) were better controlled in the CVVH group. Conclusions: CRRT strategies based on different techniques might have a significantly different impact on azotemic control.  相似文献   
15.
《Renal failure》2013,35(6):839-848
Background and Aims: The prevention of filter clotting is an important goal in the management of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Anticoagulation is the mainstay of such prevention. However, other strategies might prolong filter life without increasing the risk of bleeding. We tested the effectiveness of three strategies (use of flat plate configuration, heparin administration into the air chamber and use of a larger membrane surface) aimed at prolonging circuit life without increasing the dose of anticoagulation. Methods: Thirty-one critically ill patients with acute renal failure (ARF) managed with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) were studied. Filters were randomized in a crossover design to three consecutive studies: (1) filtration with either hollow-fiber or flat-plate hemofilters, (2) administration of heparin dose pre-filter or divided into pre-filter and directly into the bubble trap chamber and (3) use of two different surface areas with Filtral 8 (surface area 0.75 m2) vs. Filtral 12 (surface area 1.30 m2) hemofilters. Results: Mean circuit life for flat-plate and hollow-fiber hemofilters (cohort 1) was 14.7 ± 4.7 h and 17.1 ± 2.8 h respectively (NS). Mean circuit life for single heparin administration site vs. double site administration (cohort 2) was 17 ± 3.2 h and 18 ± 3.1 h respectively (NS). Mean circuit lifespan for 0.75 m2 and 1.30 m2 hemofilters was 16 ± 12.2 h and 15.7 ± 14.3 h respectively (NS) (cohort 3). Visible clot formation in the bubble trap chamber was a frequent cause of circuit failure. Conclusion: Neither flat plate membrane configuration nor increasing membrane surface area, nor heparin administration in the air chamber prolong circuit life during CVVH. The bubble trap chamber is a frequent site of circuit clotting.  相似文献   
16.
Objective To observe the effect of high volume hemofiltration (HVHF) on the expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein(CHOP) during the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). To investigate the role of CHOP protein act in apoptosis pathway mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress. Methods Twelve Beagle dogs were subjected to hemorrhagic shock plus resuscltation and endotixemia to establish MODS model, then they were randomly divided into two groups: HVHF group (n=6) and MODS group (n=6). After endotoxin injection completed, the HVHF group received HVHF treatment for 24 hours; MODS group did not receive. Vivo experiments: Blood samples were obtained at different time points(before operation, 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h after the injection of endotoxin). The dogs were killed and the tissue samples from lung, liver and kidney were took, then the expression of CHOP mRNA was determined. Vitro experiments: human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were induced by two groups’ blood samples to establish the apoptosis model. Gene expression, protein quantification and cell apoptosis rate were determined before and after the interference. Results Vivo experiments: The levels of CHOP mRNA from lung, liver and kidney had no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Vitro experiments: (1)The expression of CHOP mRNA: Compared with MODS group, the expression levels of CHOP mRNA were significantly decreased in HVHF group at 6 h, 24 h after the injection of endotoxin (P<0.05). Compared with before, the expression levels of CHOP mRNA in the two groups were both significantly decreased after CHOP siRNA interference (P<0.05). (2)The expression of CHOP protein: Compared with MODS group, the expression levels of CHOP protein were significantly decreased in HVHF group at each time points (P<0.05). Compared with before, the expression levels of CHOP protein in the two groups were both significantly decreased after CHOP siRNA interference(P<0.05). (3)Endothelial cell apoptosis rate: Compared with the preoperative rate, the two group’s endothelial cell apoptosis rate was decreased significantly at each time points(P<0.05). Compared with MODS group, the endothelial cell apoptosis rate was significantly decreased in HVHF group at each time points(P<0.05). Compared with before, the endothelial cell apoptosis rate in the two groups was both significantly decreased after CHOP siRNA interference(P<0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of MODS process, HVHF can reduce endothelial cell apoptosis which may be related to the inhibition of CHOP mRNA expression and protein synthesis.  相似文献   
17.
目的 探讨间歇性高容量血液滤过(pulse high volume hemofiltration,PHVHF)对严重脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)表面Toll样受体2(Tolllike receptor 2,TLR2)和TLR4 mRNA表达的临床意义. 方法 40例严重脓毒症患者按随机数字表法分为常规治疗组和PHVHF组,每组20例.另选15例健康志愿者作为对照组.在治疗前、治疗24,48,72 h RT-PCR法检测单核细胞TLR2和TLR4 mRNA表达,ELISA检测血浆中TNF-α和IL-6浓度.比较各组生命体征、血清胆红素(BIL)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、乳酸水平(Lac)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、急性生理和慢性健康评估Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官功能衰竭(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分变化及预后,并监测治疗过程中的并发症. 结果 脓毒症组TLR2和TLR4 mRNA表达及TNF-α、IL-6的浓度水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01).PHVHF组72 h后,TNF-α和IL-6水平较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),PBMC表面TLR2和TLR4表达分别与常规治疗组同时相点比较显著降低(P<0.01);而常规治疗组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义.PHVHF组治疗72 h后,平均动脉压(MAP)和PaO2/FiO2较治疗前明显上升,Cr、BUN、Lac、APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),且与常规治疗组同时相点比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 PHVHF可降低严重脓毒症患者的全身炎症反应,改善重要器官功能水平,缩短ICU住院时间,下调PBMC 表面TLR2、TLR4表达可能是其治疗严重脓毒症的新机制.  相似文献   
18.
BACKGROUND: DALI (direct adsorption of lipids) is the first LDL-apheresis technique able to adsorb low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipoproteina) directly from whole blood. In the standard procedure, acid citrate dextrose (ACD-A) is used as anticoagulation and the adsorber is rinsed with a specially manufactured priming solution (PS). Using neutral trisodium citrate (TSC) instead of ACD-A might improve the acid-base homeostasis during DALI apheresis; moreover, applying wholesale hemofiltration solutions instead of the special PS might avoid the use of two separate solutions for both priming before and reinfusion after the treatment, thus simplifiying the procedure. AIM: The present study was performed to test the effect of neutral (TSC) anticoagulation and of two different commercially available hemofiltration (HF) priming solutions on the efficacy and biocompatibility of DALI apheresis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hypercholesterolemic chronic DALI patients were treated prospectively, on a weekly or biweekly basis, 3 times each by standard DALI-apheresis (A). by DALI using 4% TSC and bicarbonate-buffered HF BIC35-210 priming (B). as well as by DALI using 4% TSC and lactate-buffered HF 23 priming (C). After the sessions, the extracorporeal circuit (ECC) was rinsed with saline in study arm A and with the corresponding HF solutions in study arms B and C, respectively. RESULTS: Acute LDL-cholesterol reductions in the study arms A/B/C averaged 64/64/63%, for Lp(a) 62/64/62%, respectively (n=15). Clinically, all sessions were essentially uneventful and no clots were observed in the ECC. No major differences were found between the 3 study arms with respect to biocompatibility (elastase, C3a, thrombin-antithrombin, beta-thromboglobulin, bradykinin). CONCLUSION: DALI apheresis using TSC anticoagulation and HF solutions for both priming and reinfusion proved to be as safe and effective as the standard DALI apheresis. These modifications, however, further simplify the procedure.  相似文献   
19.
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the addition of calcium to bicarbonate solutions for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We tested single bag (bicarbonate and calcium mixed 24 h before testing) and double bag solutions (mixed immediately before) with and without the addition of 4 mEq/L of acetate. Prescribed calcium varied from 0 to 5 mEq/L. All test solutions containing calcium showed crystallization at light microscopy. The double bag solutions decreased but did not prevent crystallization. The addition of acetate did not interfere with crystallization. Crystallization, as measured by the weight of the crystals after filtration of the solutions, showed a significant positive correlation with the calcium deficit (prescribed minus measured) and with partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The measured level of calcium was lower than expected and correlated with crystallization. Our results suggest that the use of bicarbonate solutions containing calcium as replacement fluids for CRRT is a potentially unsafe procedure.  相似文献   
20.
目的观察使用高容量血液滤过(血滤)对急重型弥散性脑肿胀治疗效果的临床研究。方法34例诊断为急重型弥散性脑肿胀、GCS评分为3~6分的病人被随机分成两组:治疗组(n=17)和对照组(n=17)。治疗组的病人入院后即给予高容量血液滤过治疗,置换液为3.0~4.0L/h,血流量为200~300m l/m in,时间为3~5d;对照组按普通常规治疗。两组病人均用血清神经元特异性烯醇酶连续监测1周,GCS在治疗后1、10、20d和GOS于3个月后进行检验、评估及统计。结果治疗组和对照组的血清NSE和GCS分别为(12.4±2.2)μg/L、(9.6±2.6)μg/L和(26.3±2.8)μg/L、(6.3±2.3)μg/L,两组有明显差异(P<0.01)。3个月后GOS评估,治疗组优于对照组,GOS 4~5级:治疗组7例(41.1%),对照组3例(17.7%);死亡:治疗组6例(35.3%),对照组9例(52.9%)。结论早期使用高容量血液滤过对急重型弥散性脑肿胀的治疗有明显疗效。  相似文献   
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