创新课程药动学-药效学模型实验教学实践

作为药动学扩展的创新课程,首次在药学本科学员中开展药动学-药效学模型实验.选用氟比洛芬作为模型药物,HPLC法测定口服给药后家兔的血药浓度.采用内毒素发热家兔模型,考察氟比洛芬的药动学和药效学参数.与传统药物动力学实验相比,药动学-药效学模型实验是培养学生实践能力和创新能力的实验教学新模式.     

Lack of preemptive analgesia by intravenous flurbiprofen in thyroid gland surgery: a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Background Nowadays, increasingly more preemptive analgesia studies focus on postoperative pain; however, the impact of preemptive analgesia on perioperative opioid requirement is not well defined. This study was carried out in order to evaluate whether preoperative intravenous flurbiprofen axetil can reduce perioperative opioid consumption and provide postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing thyroid gland surgery.Methods Ninety patients undergoing elective thyroid gland surgery were randomly assigned to three groups. Group A (Control) was administered Intralipid^® 2 ml as a placebo 15 min before the cervical plexus block and at the end of the surgery; Group B (Routine analgesia) was administered a placebo 15 min before the cervical plexus block and flurbiprofen 50 mg at the end of the surgery; Group C (Preemptive analgesia) was administered intravenous flurbiprofen 50 mg 15 min before the cervical plexus block and a placebo at the end of the surgery. Sufentanil administration during the surgery and the 24 h satisfaction score on analgesic therapy were both recorded. The analgesic efficacy was assessed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the surgery, based on visual analog scales.Results Ninety patients were involved in the study. One patient from Group B did not have their scheduled surgery; eighty-nine patients completed the study. There were no significant differences in the patient demographics between the three groups. Visual analog scales: 1, 2, 4 h for Group A was significantly higher than Groups B and C (P<0.05); Sufentanil administration during surgery: Group C was obviously lower compared to Groups A and B (P<0.05); 24 h satisfaction score: Groups B and C were higher than Group A (P<0.05).Conclusion Preoperative administration of intravenous Flurbiprofen axetil reduced analgesic consumption during surgery, but not postoperative pain scores.     

氟比洛芬酯对乳癌术后镇痛的影响

目的 探讨氟比洛芬酯用于乳癌手术时超前镇痛的作用效果。方法 40 例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级行乳癌改良根 治术的病人,随机分为两组：Ⅰ组20例,术前20min静脉缓慢注射氟比洛芬酯100mg;Ⅱ组（对照组）20例 ,术前20min静脉缓慢注射生理盐水20mL。观察两组病人术后镇痛效果、并发症的发生。结果 术后VAS评 分Ⅰ组明显低于Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）。术后24hⅠ组的芬太尼用量低于Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）。镇痛结束后,患者对镇痛 治疗总体满意度Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较有显著意义（P〈0.05）,呼吸抑制、头痛、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、幻觉等副 反应差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论 氟比洛芬酯用于乳癌手术镇痛,能减少术后的芬太尼用量,减轻不良 反应并能提高镇痛质量。     

不同镇痛方法用于乳腺癌手术病人术后镇痛的疗效观察

目的将病人自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）和自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）分别用于乳腺癌手术病人术后镇痛．观察镇痛效果．gear良反应情况。方法60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行乳腺癌手术病人,随机分为A组和B组,每组30例。A组在全麻诱导气管插管后及手术结束时各静注氟比洛芬酯50mg,并联合芬太尼开始PCIA,B组术后采用吗啡行PCEA,记录两组病人术后4、8、12、24、48h疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及不良反应情况。结果两组病人术后各时点VAS差异无统计学意义：A组病人术后恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留等不良反应的发生率明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。结论氟比洛芬酯术前超前镇痛并联合芬太尼行PCIA可以产生理想的镇痛效果,同时减少阿片类药物不良反应。     

氟比洛芬酯复合丙泊酚麻醉在三叉神经射频热凝治疗中的应用

目的观察氟比洛芬酯复合丙泊酚麻醉能否安全应用于三叉神经射频热凝治疗的麻醉。方法 40例择期行三叉神经射频热凝治疗的患者,随机分为2组：Ⅰ组为单纯丙泊酚麻醉组,Ⅱ组为氟比洛芬酯复合丙泊酚麻醉组。每组20例。观察并比较两组术前、诱导时、烧灼时、术毕清醒时各时段血流动力学变化、体动、呼吸暂停次数及丙泊酚使用量。结果Ⅰ组在烧灼时心率及血压明显上升,与Ⅱ组相比有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且Ⅱ组丙泊酚使用量较Ⅰ组明显减少。结论氟比洛芬酯复合丙泊酚麻醉是应用于三叉神经射频热凝治疗的理想麻醉方法。     

帕瑞昔布钠复合吗啡与地佐辛复合氟比洛芬酯用于结肠癌患者术后镇痛效果比较

目的比较帕瑞昔布钠复合吗啡与氟比洛芬酯复合地佐辛用于结肠癌手术患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的效果,探讨合适的镇痛方案。 方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ择期行结肠癌手术的患者90例,随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组（P组）、地佐辛组（D组）和芬太尼组（F组）,每组各30例。3组患者均采用气管内插管全身麻醉,术后行PCIA。PCIA设置背景剂量2ml/h,按压剂量2ml/次,锁定时间15min。P组于气管插管前静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,并于术后12、24、36、48 h静注帕瑞昔布钠40mg,PCIA使用吗啡20 mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100ml;D组于气管插管前静脉注射地佐辛5mg,PCIA使用地佐辛30 mg+氟比洛芬酯200mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100 ml;F组PCIA使用芬太尼1.0mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100 ml。观察3组患者术后30min（T_30min）、2h（T_2h）、4h（T_4h）、12h（T_12h）、24h（T_24h）、48h（T_48h）VAS镇痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应的情况;术后48h记录PCIA泵按压次数及患者总体满意度。 结果P组及D组在T_30min-T_12h时点VAS评分显著低于F组（P﹤0.05）;T_30min-T_4h时点,P组Ramsay评分显著低于D组和F组（P﹤0.05）;术后48h内P组、D组患者头晕发生率显著低于F组（P﹤0.05）。 结论帕瑞昔布钠复合吗啡、地佐辛复合氟比洛芬酯用于结肠癌患者术后的镇痛效果确切,不良反应发生率低。     

Intravenous Flurbiprofen Axetil Enhances Analgesic Effect of Opioids in Patients with Refractory Cancer Pain by Increasing Plasma b-Endorphin

Background: The study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of a combination of intravenous flurbiprofenaxetil and opioids, and evaluate the relationship between refractory pain relief and plasma β-endorphin levels incancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 cancer patients was randomly divided into two groups,60 patients took orally morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets in group A, and another 60 patients receivingthe combination treatment of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioid drugs in group B. After 7 days, painrelief, quality of life improvement and side effects were evaluated. Furthermore, plasma β-endorphin levelswere measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: With the combination treatment of intravenous intravenousflurbiprofen axetil and opioids, the total effective rate of pain relief rose to 91.4%, as compared to 82.1% whenmorphine sulfate sustained-release tablet was used alone. Compared with that of group A, the analgesic effectincreased in group B (p=0.031). Moreover, satisfactory pain relief was associated with a significant increase inplasma β-endorphin levels. After the treatment, plasma β-endorphin level in group B was 62.4±13.5 pg/ml, whichwas higher than that in group A (45.8±11.2 pg/ml) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest the combination ofintravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioids can enhance the analgesic effect of opioid drugs by increasing plasmaβ-endorphin levels, which would offer a selected and reliable strategy for refractory cancer pain treatment.     

氟比洛芬酯对胸外科手术期应激反应的影响

目的探讨氟比洛芬酯对行胸外科病人手术期应激反应的影响。方法 60例年龄60～75岁择期行胸外科手术的病人,均无凝血功能障碍,无腹部出血溃疡史,24小时前未用过非固醇类抗炎药或麻醉止痛药,随机分成两组,实验组F(n=30)与对照组W(n=30),在手术结束前30 min,实验组静注50 mg氟比洛芬酯,对照组静注5 ml生理盐水。分别于术前30 min(t0)、手术结束前30 min(t1)、术后1 h(t2)、术后2 h(t3),测定血压、心率、血糖(Glu)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)及皮质醇(COR)。结果所有患者t1与t0之间无统计学差异(p>0.05),t3与t0之间有极显著差异(p<0.01);实验组t2与t0有显著差异(p<0.05),而对照组t2与t0有极显著差异(p<0.01);实验组与对照组在t0、t1无统计学差异(p>0.05),t2、t3有显著差异(p<0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯可减轻手术创伤激活的过度应激反应,明显减轻术后躁动,对老年患者的康复具有重要意义。     

氟比洛芬酯在甲状腺手术中的应用

目的探讨氟比洛芬酯治疗甲状腺手术术后头痛的有效性。方法 86例择期行甲状腺手术的患者随机分为2组:对照组(43例):全麻拔管前给予生理盐水,氟比洛芬酯组(43例):全麻拔管前共计给予氟比洛芬酯100 mg。术后24、48 h随访,根据VAS评分(视觉疼痛模拟评分)两次评分均值>4分诊断为术后头痛。结果两组患者术后切口疼痛24、48 h VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组发生术后头痛10例(23.3%),氟比洛芬酯组发生术后头痛2例(4.7%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术中应用氟比洛芬酯可以缓解甲状腺手术术后头痛。     

The antipyretic effect of flurbiprofen.

Flurbiprofen, like its predecessor ibuprofen, possesses antipyretic properties in the endotoxin-fevered rabbit. Comparison of flurbiprofen and ibuprofen at varying dosages, reveals that flurbiprofen is at least 15 times more potent in this species. In goats, flurbiprofen is more potent than in rabbits. Flurbiprofen inhibited the pyrogenic effect of intravenously administered leucocytic pyrogen, but it did not alter the release of leucocytic pyrogen from peritoneal exudate cells in vitro. Moreover, flurbiprofen did not inhibit endotoxin-induced release of endogenous pyrogen in vivo. Incubation of leucocytic pyrogen with flurbiprofen did not alter its pyrogenic poteny. These results suggest that the antipyretic activity of flurbiprofen is due neither to interference with endogenous pyrogen synthesis and release, nor to inactivation of circulating endogenous pyrogen.