静脉应用小剂量红霉素防治早产儿喂养不耐受的Meta分析

摘要 目的 对静脉应用小剂量红霉素防治早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效和安全性的相关文献进行Meta分析,为早产儿喂养不耐受的治疗提供参考依据。方法 索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMBASE、在研试验数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库和维普中文科技期刊数据库等。检索红霉素防治早产儿喂养不耐受的RCT文献。按Cochrane系统评价方法进行文献质量评价,采用RevMan 5.0.17软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入18篇RCT文献,文献质量评价A级1篇,B级3篇,C级14篇。共纳入1 200例早产儿。Meta分析结果显示：①达到全肠内喂养时间：红霉素预防组加权均数差值（WMD）=-4.18（95%CI：-6.29 ~-2.08）,红霉素治疗组WMD=-4.69（95%CI：-6.38～-3.00）,两组均可较早实现全肠内喂养;胎龄≤32周亚组WMD＝-5.15（95%CI：-12.60～2.30）,与对照组差异无统计学意义。剔除低质量文献行敏感度分析,WMD=-5.48（95%CI：-11.66～0.69）,红霉素治疗组与对照组差异无统计学意义。②红霉素预防组住院时间（WMD=-1.10,95%CI：-3.65～1.37）和NEC发生率（OR=1.01,95%CI：0.24～4.22）与对照组差异无统计学意义;红霉素治疗组日均体重增加（WMD= 4.29,95%CI：-2.06～10.64）和NEC发生率 （OR=0.68,95%CI：0.18～2.56）与对照组差异无统计学意义;红霉素治疗组恢复至出生体重时间（WMD=-2.45,95%CI：-2.87～-2.04）、症状消失间（WMD＝-1.22,95%CI：-1.33～-1.11）及住院时间（WMD=-9.70,95%CI：-11.92～-7.49）与对照组差异有统计学意义。结论 对于喂养不耐受高危儿及胎龄≤32周的喂养不耐受早产儿,静脉应用小剂量红霉素的证据尚不足;对于胎龄>32周的喂养不耐受早产儿,今后研究应确定是否存在一个最佳剂量以缩短静脉营养时间及住院时间,在改善喂养不耐受的症状中红霉素可能起一定的作用。     

黄柏胶囊联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗轻中度痤疮的疗效观察

目的 探讨黄柏胶囊联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗轻中度痤疮的临床疗效.方法 选择2018年9月—2020年2月在郑州市第七人民医院治疗的轻中度痤疮患者127例,随机分为对照组(63例)和治疗组(64例).对照组外涂异维A酸红霉素凝胶,1～2次/d.治疗组在对照组基础上口服黄柏胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d.两组患者治疗1个月.观...     

耐红霉素葡萄球菌诱导克林霉素耐药的检测

目的 了解该院葡萄球菌对红霉素及克林霉素的耐药性,测定葡萄球菌对克林霉素的诱导耐药率。方法 用双纸片扩散法检测葡萄球菌对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药性,用D试验检测红霉素对克林霉素的诱导耐药率。结果 D试验阳性葡萄球菌占所检测葡萄球菌的18．2％;在葡萄球菌、金葡菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）（葡萄球菌、金葡菌、CNS和MRCNS均为红霉素耐药而克林霉素敏感）中,诱导克林霉素耐药检出率分别为63．6％、100．0％、50．0％和53．3％。结论 临床微生物实验室应加强细菌诱导克林霉素耐药的检测,以指导临床合理使用抗生素。     

Outbreak of Arcobacter butzleri? An emerging enteropathogen

BackgroundArcobacter butzleri is a gram-negative rod, with microaerobic growth at an optimal temperature of 37 °C. It was reported to be the fourth most common Campylobacter-like organism isolated from patients with diarrhoea.ObjectiveCharacterise a potential outbreak of A. butzleri detected in a short period of time in the University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla.MethodsEight strains of A. butzleri were detected in our hospital in only two months. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS system and 16S rDNA sequencing. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) were carried out to assess clonal relationship. Gradient strips (Etest) were used to determine susceptibility by agar diffusion.ResultsERIC-PCR and PFGE confirmed the lack of clonal relationship between strains. Erythromycin or ciprofloxacin might be appropriate for antibiotic treatment of infections.ConclusionsA. butzleri is an emerging pathogen with increasing incidence, and may be underestimated.     

Newborn medication adherence and childhood under-immunization in military beneficiaries

BackgroundThe American Academy of Pediatrics recommends birth doses of vitamin K, erythromycin ointment, and the hepatitis B vaccine, but the relationship between birth medication administration and childhood immunization compliance is understudied. The objective of this study is to evaluate rates of newborn medication administration, and risk factors for refusal in military beneficiaries and determine the relationship between medication refusal and under-immunization at 15 months.MethodsA retrospective chart review was completed for all term and late preterm infants born at Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. The electronic medical record was queried for birth medication administration, maternal age, active-duty status, rank, and birth order. Childhood immunization records were extracted for all patients who continued care at our facility. A patient was considered completely immunized if they had received at least 22 vaccines by 15 months: three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine [Pediarix^TM], two doses of the rotavirus vaccine [Rotarix^TM], four doses of the DTAP vaccine [Pediarix^TM and Acel-Immune^TM], three doses of Haemophilus influenza B vaccine [Pedvaxhib^TM], four doses of pneumococcal [Prevnar 13^TM], three doses of IPV [Pediarix^TM], one dose of measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR^TM], one dose of varicella [Varivax^TM] and one dose of hepatitis A vaccine [Harvix^TM].ResultsSeven thousand one hundred and forty infants were included; 99.3% received vitamin K, 98.8% received erythromycin ointment, and 93.8% received the hepatitis B vaccine. Refusal of the erythromycin ointment and hepatitis B vaccine was associated with older maternal age and higher birth order. Childhood immunization records were available for 607 infants; 7.2% (n = 44) were under-immunized by 15 months, with no infants being non-immunized. Refusal of the hepatitis B vaccine (RR: 2.9 (CI 1.16–7.31)) only at birth was associated with a higher risk of being under-immunized.ConclusionsRefusal of the hepatitis B vaccine in the nursery is associated with a risk of being under-immunized in childhood. Obstetric and pediatric providers should be aware of this association for appropriate family counseling.