可溶性IL-13受体α2对支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响

目的通过观察可溶性IL-13受体α2（sIL-13Rα2）对支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）小鼠气道炎症的影响,了解sIL-13Rα2对哮喘潜在的治疗价值。方法 24只BALB/c小鼠随机分成正常对照组、哮喘组及sIL-13Rα2治疗组,哮喘组和sIL-13Rα2治疗组以鸡卵白蛋白（OVA）致敏和激发,建立哮喘模型,对照组用生理盐水代替OVA。sIL-13Rα2治疗组每次激发前30min腹腔注射sIL-13Rα2100μg,正常对照组及哮喘组则用生理盐水替代。比较各组支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞计数、肺组织学检查。结果与正常对照组相比,哮喘组BALF中细胞总数及嗜酸粒细胞百分比显著增加（P值均〈0.001）,血清及BALF中IL-13明显增多（P值均〈0.001）,病理示肺组织损害明显。与哮喘组相比,sIL-13Rα2治疗组BALF中细胞总数及嗜酸粒细胞百分比显著降低（P值均〈0.001）,血清及BALF中IL-13明显减少（P值均〈0.001）,病理示肺组织损害明显减轻。结论 sIL-13Rα2可明显减轻哮喘小鼠气道炎症。     

过敏性紫癜性肾炎患儿血清总IgE和嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白的检测及临床意义

目的探讨血清总IgE和嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）水平在儿童过敏性紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）中的临床意义。方法用免疫荧光酶标法测定46例不同病程HSPN患儿血清总IgE和ECP的水平。结果HSPN发作组患儿血清总IgE（126．1±63．7）kU／L和ECP（16．3±6．5）μg／L明显高于缓解组的（14．7±8．5）kU／L、（3．9±1．4）μg／L以及对照组的（17．7±6．3）kU／L、（3．1±1．7）μg／L。首次发作患儿血清ECP（23．0±8．7）μg／L高于治疗后复发患儿（9．3±2．2）μg／L,以上差异均有显著性。首次发作组的IgE（142．5±58．5）kU／L与治疗后复发组（93．5±32．3）kU／L之间无统计学差异。缓解组的IgE和ECP与对照组相比均无统计学差异。结论血清ECP和IgE水平反映了HSPN的活动情况,可以作为监测病情和疗效的指标之一。     

根据炎症特征对非变应性鼻炎进行分型的初步研究

目的研究非变应性鼻炎(non-allergic rhinitis,NAR)患者鼻腔与下气道的炎症特征,探讨根据炎症特征对NAR进行分型的方法及意义。方法收集2010年6月～2011年6月就诊的NAR患者117例,同期选取162例作为健康对照组。经皮肤点刺实验、鼻部和肺部症状视觉模拟量化评分(VAS)、鼻灌洗检测、诱导痰检测、血常规、鼻激发试验、支气管激发试验等炎症相关指标检查,评价鼻腔及气道炎症特征。根据鼻部及气道炎症特征对NAR进行分型并分析其临床意义。结果与健康对照组相比,NAR患者鼻灌洗、诱导痰、血嗜酸性粒细胞EOS、鼻激发和支气管激发阳性率均显著增高(P均<0.01)。鼻灌洗与诱导痰嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)增高存在明显相关性(r=0.531,P=0.000),鼻激发与支气管激发等级存在相关性(r=0.190,P=0.040)。117例NAR患者中,鼻EOS增高39例(33.3%),鼻激发反应性增高50例(42.7%),EOS及激发均无异常28例(23.9%)。依上述特征,将NAR分为非特异型(A组)、EOS增高型(B组)和高反应型(C组)3组。结论 NAR患者鼻部以EOS增高及高反应性为主要炎症特征的全身炎症疾病,与下气道各炎症相关指标的增高以及血EOS增高存在明显的一致性。根据鼻部炎症特征提出的NAR分型方法有充分的临床和实验室依据,为NAR的诊断提供了更为科学和临床实用的方法,为进一步研究不同类型NAR发病机理以及根据NAR类型制定不同的治疗方案提供了理论依据。     

Antihistaminic and antiallergic actions of extracts of Solanum nigrum berries: Possible role in the treatment of asthma

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Berries of the plant Solanum nigrum Linn (Solanaceae) are used for the treatment of asthma in folk medicine and ancient books.

Aim of study

To evaluate potential of the plant berries in the treatment of asthma.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of S. nigrum berries (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) were screened for the treatment of asthma by the various methods viz. effect on clonidine and haloperidol induced catalepsy, milk-induced leucocytosis and eosinophilia, mast cell stabilizing activity in mice and studies on smooth muscle preparation of guinea pig ileum (in vitro). Active petroleum ether extract was standardized by HPTLC.

Results

The petroleum ether extract of S. nigrum berries inhibited clonidine-induced catalepsy significantly but not haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Petroleum ether extract significantly inhibited increased leukocyte and eosinophil count due to milk allergen and showed maximum protection against mast cell degranulation by clonidine. Petroleum ether extract resisted contraction induced by histamine better than other extracts. All the results are dose dependant. Active petroleum ether extract showed presence of antiasthmatic compound, β-sitosterol.

Conclusion

The petroleum ether extract of S. nigrum berries can inhibits parameters linked to the asthma disease.     

体外过敏原与脉冲振荡肺功能测定在儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘中的作用

目的：研究体外过敏原与脉冲振荡肺功能测定在学龄前儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘中的作用。方法：哮喘急性发作组（哮喘急性组）44例,哮喘非急性发作组（哮喘非急性组）41例,咳嗽变异性哮喘组（变异性组）46例,正常对照组35例儿童纳入本次研究。对各组进行血吸入过敏原、食入过敏原筛查和尘螨特异性IgE检测,同时检测血总IgE和血嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）,并进行脉冲振荡肺功能测定。结果：哮喘急性组、哮喘非急性组、变异性组吸入过敏原、食入过敏原阳性率、总IgE水平明显高于对照组,3个病例组之间差异无统计学意义;变异性组血ECP水平低于哮喘急性组(P<0.01),与哮喘非急性组差异无统计学意义。脉冲振荡肺功能检测显示变异性组、哮喘急性组,哮喘非急性组的呼吸总组抗（Zrs）、总呼吸黏性阻力（R5）、中心气道黏性阻力（R20）、周边气道黏性阻力（R5-R20）、共振频率（Fres）均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);变异性组、哮喘非急性组的Zrs、R5、R20、R5-R20、Fres均明显低于哮喘急性组(P<0.01)。变异性组、哮喘非急性组Zrs、R5、R5-R20、Fres与血ECP呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论：检测血过敏原、ECP、脉冲振荡肺功能有助于了解学龄前儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘气道炎症变化及气道阻塞情况。     

NLRP3炎性小体在嗜酸粒细胞性鼻息肉发病及复发中的作用

目的 探讨NLRP3炎性小体在嗜酸粒细胞性鼻息肉(ENP)发病及复发中的可能作用及机制。 方法 根据HE染色,选取80例ENP(ENP组)、24例嗜酸粒细胞性复发鼻息肉(RENP)患者(RENP组)的鼻息肉组织及同期30例鼻中隔偏曲患者(对照组)的中鼻甲黏膜。所有患者嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)浸润数通过HE染色观察并计算,采用免疫组化法检测3组NLR含热蛋白结构域3(NLRP3)炎性小体、白细胞介素-1beta(IL-1β)、IL-18的表达情况,并分析ENP、RENP组中NLRP3炎性小体与EOS浸润数的相关性。 结果 IL-1β和IL-18在ENP及RENP组中的表达均高于对照组(P<0.05),但在ENP与RENP组中的表达无显著差异(P>0.05)。NLRP3炎性小体在RENP组中的表达明显高于ENP组和对照组(P<0.01),且EOS浸润数明显多于ENP组(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01)。NLRP3炎性小体在ENP及RENP组中的表达均与EOS浸润数呈正相关。 结论 NLRP3炎性小体、IL-1β和IL-18均与ENP发病密切相关,NLRP3炎性小体可能参与ENP的复发。     

Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Acute and Chronic Skin Lesions of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

Background

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has peculiar abilities to colonize the skin in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients.

Objective

We sought to determine the colonization rates of SA in acute and chronic skin lesions of AD patients, to find any difference in colonization rates according to age and to find the influences of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil counts to the colonization of SA.

Methods

We evaluated the total IgE level and eosinophil counts, and cultured SA from the skin lesions of 687 AD patients (131 acute and 556 chronic skin lesions) and 247 control urticaria patients (July 2009 to November 2010; Samsung Medical Center Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, Korea).

Results

The SA colonization rates were 74%, 38% and 3% in acute, chronic skin lesions and control skin, respectively, and they were increased with age in AD patients. The colonization rate in chronic skin lesions was higher in the high IgE/eosinophilia groups as compared to the normal IgE/eosinophil groups.

Conclusion

The SA colonization rate was higher in AD patients and especially in acute lesions, and had a tendency to increase with age. As the colonization rates were only higher in the high IgE/eosinophilia groups of chronic skin lesions, we suggested that SA may invade the skin through barrier defects in acute skin lesions, but the colonization in chronic lesions may be orchestrated through many different factors.     

Eosinophil cationic protein- and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/eosinophil protein X-immunoreactive eosinophils in prurigo nodularis

Abstract It is known that eosinophils are actively involved in allergy and inflammation. The granular components of eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/eosinophil protein X (EDN/EPX), play an important role in such allergic and inflammatory processes. Prurigo nodularis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with obvious cutaneous nervous involvement. To detect ECP and EDN/ EPX expression in the eosinophils and their relation to nerve fibres in prurigo nodularis, ECP and EDN/EPX single-labelling immunofluorescence, and ECP and PGP 9.5 double-labelling immunofluorescence, were performed. In prurigo nodularis lesional skin, the ECP- and EDN/EPX-containing cells, which were mainly distributed in the upper dermis, were significantly increased in number compared to their numbers in uninvolved and normal skin. The immunoreactivity of ECP and EDN/EPX in prurigo lesional skin was stronger than in uninvolved skin or control skin. The PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerves were also increased in number in the areas where there were increased eosinophils. The nerves were in close proximity to eosinophils, and occasionally even seemed to be in contact. The present results indicate that the cutaneous nerves and the ECP- and EDN/EPX-containing eosinophils are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The close relationship of nerves and eosinophils indicates that the cutaneous nerves may influence eosinophil function in the chronic inflammatory states of prurigo nodularis. ECP and EDN/EPX could thus be released to the local tissue and modulate the inflammation of the prurigo nodularis lesion. Received: 28 August 1999 / Received: 2 January 2000 / Accepted: 20 March 2000     

难治性鼻-鼻窦炎黏膜胶原纤维沉积的研究

目的本研究观察难治性鼻-鼻窦炎（difficult-to-treat rhinosinusitis,DTRS）的鼻窦黏膜胶原纤维沉积程度,同时还探讨其与TGF-β1、嗜酸性粒细胞及影像学表现的关系。方法根据患者就诊时临床特点和纳入标准将51例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者分为难治组（12例）、复发组（14例）、初治组（15例）和对照组（10例）。术前对所有研究对象行血常规和鼻内镜检查,同时对术前鼻窦CT行LundMackay评分;术中取黏膜组织进行Masson染色、HE染色和ELISA检测。结果①难治组的黏膜胶原纤维面积百分比高于复发组、初治组和对照组;②胶原纤维面积百分比与TGF-β1浓度、黏膜嗜酸性粒细胞计数和Lund-Mackay评分均有相关性;而与全血嗜酸性粒细胞计数无相关性。结论①鼻窦黏膜纤维组织增生可能是DTRS病理特征之一,可能与发病有关;②TGF-β1高表达、黏膜嗜酸性粒细胞浸润丰富和高Lund-Mackay评分可能是胶原纤维沉积的危险因素。