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Sonography is widely used for evaluation of hand and wrist lesions. The easy accessibility, cost‐effectiveness, and good diagnostic accuracy of sonography coupled with the numerous benefits of real‐time imaging make it desirable. The aim of this article is to describe the typical sonographic appearances of lesions in the hand and wrist that are encountered frequently in routine clinical practice, such as inflammatory arthropathies, tumors, traumatic injuries, foreign bodies, and nerve entrapment syndromes. Relevant anatomy, scanning methods, and recent developments in musculoskeletal sonography are also discussed.  相似文献   
45.
《Annals of medicine》2013,45(3):275-278
This report contains the experience of our centre, using the transvaginally guided puncture procedure, to reduce the number of fetuses in a multifetal pregnancy to a lower number. The aim of the procedure was to improve perinatal outcome and/or to meet the personal desires of patients and their families. We surveyed 148 multifetal pregnancy reductions. The fetus or fetuses overlying the internal os was most commonly reduced. The total uncorrected loss of the entire pregnancy was 13.4%. The corrected pregnancy loss was 11%. Of the 63 twins left after the reduction, 33 delivered preterm. Of the 36 singletons, two delivered preterm. Our conclusion was that multifetal pregnancy reduction is a safe procedure for the mother and has an acceptable loss rate of the entire pregnancy. The reduction of a fetus overlying the internal os by the transvaginal puncture procedure seems to yield results at least as good as the transabdominally performed puncture procedures for multifetal pregnancy reduction.  相似文献   
46.
本文总结应用双功能超声诊断“CaroliS病”门脉周围纤维化型”6例,经PTC手术和术中胆道造影及病理证实,男性多见。声像图:除肝内胆管囊状扩张,伴先天性肝纤维化、肝硬化及门脉高压,曾分患者肾小管扩张或呈海绵肾,肝外胆管1/3轻度扩张。脉冲多普勒超声观测脾切除加断流术后,脾血流阻断,门脉血流量相应减少,管径缩小,说明脾静脉与门静脉血流量呈正相关性,二者共同反映门脉系统的血液动力学变化。  相似文献   
47.
PurposeTo investigate prevalence of extracranial abnormalities in azygos and internal jugular (IJ) veins using conventional venography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) being evaluated for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, a condition of vascular hemodynamic dysfunction.Materials and MethodsPREMiSe (Prospective Randomized Endovascular therapy in Multiple Sclerosis) is a venous angioplasty study that enrolled 30 patients with relapsing MS. The patients fulfilled two or more venous hemodynamic extracranial Doppler sonography screening criteria. Phase I of the study included 10 patients and was planned to assess safety and standardize venography, IVUS, and angioplasty and blinding procedures; phase II enrolled 20 patients and further validated diagnostic assessments using the two invasive techniques. Venography was considered abnormal when ≥ 50% lumen-diameter restriction was detected. IVUS was considered abnormal when ≥ 50% lumen-diameter restriction, intraluminal defects, or reduced pulsatility was detected.ResultsNo venography-related or IVUS-related complications, including vessel rupture, thrombosis, or side effects of contrast media were recorded among the 30 study patients. IVUS-detected venous abnormalities, including chronic, organized, thrombus-like inclusions were observed in 85% of azygos, 50% of right IJ, and 83.3% of left IJ veins, whereas venography demonstrated stenosis of ≥ 50% in 50% of azygos, 55% of right IJ, and 72% of left IJ veins. Sensitivity of venography for detecting IVUS abnormalities was 52.9%, 73.3%, and 80% for the azygos, left IJ, and right IJ veins, respectively.ConclusionsIVUS assessment of azygos and IJ veins showed a higher rate of venous abnormalities than venography. IVUS provides a diagnostic advantage over conventional venography in detecting extracranial venous abnormalities indicative of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency.  相似文献   
48.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristic power Doppler sonographic images of buccal space tumorous and non-tumorous lesions.

Methods:

48 patients with buccal space lesions were evaluated with greyscale sonography followed by power Doppler sonography with a 12 MHz linear transducer. On greyscale sonography, buccal space lesions were assessed for the boundary (clear or unclear), echogenicity (hypoechoic or isoechoic) and internal architecture (homogeneous or heterogeneous). Power Doppler sonography was performed to evaluate the vascular signals within the buccal space lesions.

Results:

48 lesions were found in the 48 patients; of these 48 lesions, 28 were tumourous and 20 were non-tumourous. In the 28 tumours, 15 cases showed clear boundaries, 15 cases were hypoechoic relative to adjacent tissues and 22 cases presented with a heterogeneous appearance on greyscale sonography. The internal vascularity of 19 tumours was shown using power Doppler sonography. In the 20 non-tumorous lesions, 11 cases showed clear boundaries, 17 cases were hypoechoic relative to adjacent tissues and 13 cases presented with a homogeneous appearance on greyscale sonography. 18 non-tumorous lesions showed no internal vascularity using power Doppler sonography. Logistic multivariate regression analysis between the tumour group and the non-tumorous lesions group demonstrated that the internal architecture (odds ratio = 8.270, p = 0.029) and vascular signals (odds ratio = 17.533, p = 0.003) were significant variables.

Conclusions:

Power Doppler sonography is a useful technique for the differential diagnosis of tumorous and non-tumorous buccal space lesions.  相似文献   
49.
黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎的影像学表现   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8  
目的 :探讨黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎的影像学表现。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 5例黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎 ,全部病例均行X线、B超和CT检查并经手术、病理证实 ,行MR和血管造影各 1例。结果 :X线 :肾影增大、肾结石和肾盂肾盏的形态改变。B超 :肾实质内的占位性病变、结石和肾周改变。CT :肾实质内单 /多发靠近肾盂肾盏囊实性占位 ,增强后实性部分增强 ;多合并结石 ;病变常向肾外发展 ;患肾功能受损。结论 :CT的影像学价值较X线和B超高。定性须密切结合临床 ,尿泡沫细胞有确诊意义。  相似文献   
50.
AIM: Acute focal pyelonephritis (AFP) is a variant of pyelonephritis in which single or multiple discrete areas show changes of inflammation. The reported sonographic appearances of AFP are varied but are typically described as being echopoor. The purpose of this study was to review the sonographic appearances of AFP and attempt to explain the range of findings by correlation with clinical details. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the sonographic findings and medical records of 17 cases of AFP. The study group consisted of 13 women and four men (mean age 20 years). Lesions were designated as echogenic, echopoor or of mixed echogenicity as compared to the adjacent renal cortex, and to the liver or spleen. RESULTS: The abnormal areas were echogenic in 12 patients, echopoor in three and of mixed echogenicity in two. An attempt was made to explain the variation in appearances by correlation with clinical details including the patient's age, the duration of symptoms, the length of antibiotic treatment and the presence of haematuria. CONCLUSION: Areas of acute focal pyelonephritis may be echogenic, echopoor or of mixed echogenicity. Our data would suggest that areas of increased echogenicity are more common. There is no discernible correlation with clinical findings.  相似文献   
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