Association between de novo lipogenesis susceptibility genes and coronary artery disease

Background and aimsCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the principal cause of death in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to use genetic epidemiology to study the association between de novo lipogenesis (DNL), one of the major pathways leading to NAFLD, and CAD risk.Methods and resultsDNL susceptibility genes were used as instruments and selected using three approaches: 1) genes that are associated with both high serum triglycerides and low sex hormone-binding globulin, both downstream consequences of DNL (unbiased approach), 2) genes that have a known role in DNL (biased approach), and 3) genes that have been associated with serum fatty acids, used as a proxy of DNL. Gene-CAD effect estimates were retrieved from the meta-analysis of CARDIoGRAM and the UK Biobank (～76014 cases and ～264785 controls). Effect estimates were clustered using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. Twenty-two DNL susceptibility genes were identified by the unbiased approach, nine genes by the biased approach and seven genes were associated with plasma fatty acids. Clustering of genes selected in the unbiased and biased approach showed a statistically significant association with CAD (OR:1.016, 95%CI:1.012; 1.020 and OR:1.013, 95%CI:1.007; 1.020, respectively), while clustering of fatty acid genes did not (OR:1.004, 95%CI:0.996–1.011). Subsequent exclusion of potential influential outliers did reveal a statistically significant association (OR:1.009, 95%CI:1.000; 1.018).ConclusionsDNL susceptibility genes are associated with an increased risk of CAD. These findings suggest that DNL may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD and favor further development of strategies that target NAFLD through DNL.     

Innovative immunosuppression in kidney transplantation: A challenge for unmet needs

Due to the optimal results obtained in kidney transplantation and to the lack of interest of the industries, new innovative drugs in kidney transplantation are difficult to be encountered. The best strategy to find the new drugs recently developed or under development is to search in the sections of kidney transplantation still not completely covered by the drugs on the market. These unmet needs are the prevention of delayed graft function (DGF), the protection of the graft over the long time and the desensitization of preformed anti human leukocyte antigen antibodies and the treatment of the acute antibody-mediated rejection. These needs are particularly relevant due to the expansion of some kind of kidney transplantation as transplantation from non-heart beating donor and in the case of antibody-incompatible grafts. The first are particularly exposed to DGF, the latter need a safe desensitization and a safe treatments of the antibody mediated rejections that often occur. Particular caution is needed in treating these drugs. First, they are described in very recent studies and the follow-up of their effect is of course rather short. Second, some of these drugs are still in an early phase of study, even if in well-conducted randomized controlled trials. Particular caution and a careful check need to be used in trials launched 2 or 3 years ago. Indeed, is always necessary to verify whether the study is still going on or whether and why the study itself was abandoned.     

围手术期外科之家模式在肝移植中的应用

围手术期外科之家（PSH）是一种以病人为中心的创新性围手术期管理模式，强调以医生为主导、以多学科团队为基础，基于循证医学证据，协调医疗资源，促进病人接受不同专业处理时平稳过渡，围手术期始终获得正确的处理方案，尤其适合存在器官功能障碍的外科病人。肝移植病人大多病情危重，手术复杂，围手术期管理困难。将PSH引入肝移植，可以为这类高手术风险的特殊病人群体提供一种全新的围手术期管理方式。     

A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of non-operative management in patients with high grade liver injury

IntroductionThe liver is the most frequently damaged organ in blunt abdominal trauma. It is widely accepted that hemodynamically stable patients with low-grade liver trauma should be treated with non-operative management, however there is controversy surrounding its safety and efficacy in high-grade trauma. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of non-operative management in patients with high-grade liver trauma.MethodsPubMed and reference lists of PubMed articles were searched to find studies that examined the efficacy of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury patients, and compare it to operative management. Non-operative management was considered successful if rescue surgery was avoided. Outcomes considered were success, mortality, and complication rates.ResultsThe electronic search revealed 2662 records, 8 of which met the inclusion criteria. All 8 studies contained results suggesting that non-operative management was safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver trauma. By combining the outcomes of the different studies, non-operative management had a high success rate of 92.4% (194/210) in high-grade liver trauma patients, which was near the overall 95.0% non-operative management success rate. Non-operative management also had mortality and complication rates of 4.6% (9/194) and 9.7% (7/72) in high-grade injury patients, respectively, compared to operative management's 17.6% (26/148) and 45.5% (5/11).ConclusionNon-operative management of liver trauma is safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver injury. It is associated with significantly lower mortality compared with operative management. More studies are required to evaluate complications of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury.     

扬州地区肝硬化食管静脉曲张初次出血80例患者诊治分析

目的探讨扬州地区肝硬化食管静脉曲张初次出血患者诊治特点。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年12月苏北人民医院消化内科收治的80例肝硬化食管静脉曲张初次出血患者病例资料。计数资料用率或构成比表示,率的比较采用χ2检验。结果由乙型肝炎导致肝硬化所引起的食管静脉曲张破裂出血所占比例最大;三腔二囊管临床运用可最大限度地挽救患者生命,为后期治疗提供时间;基础治疗包括止血、输血、抑酸、补液等,后期以硬化剂、套扎、硬化剂+套扎、手术、经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)为主,但套扎运用最为广泛;患者出血初期各项指标变化有利于指导临床治疗,对患者预后具有良好的评估作用。结论扬州地区肝硬化引起的食管静脉曲张破裂出血病因呈现复杂交叉性,治疗方法仍需进一步完善,以达到个体化治疗水平;及时正确的救治,对提高临床疗效、降低病死率有重要意义;早期的健康体检,对疾病诊治起关键性的作用。     

Switch From Twice-daily Tacrolimus to Once-daily,Prolonged-release Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplantation: Long-term Outcome

Background

One daily dose of tacrolimus (QDT) improves adherence in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. A switch from twice-daily tacrolimus (BDT) to QDT showed similar efficacy and safety.

健脾疏肝降脂方干预非酒精性脂肪肝病肥胖小鼠肝功能、游离脂肪酸机制探讨

目的:观察健脾疏肝降脂方治疗非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)肥胖小鼠ALT、AST、FFA及光镜下病理组织学改变,并与壳脂胶囊治疗组比较,观察其疗效。方法:将72只小鼠随机分为模型组、健脾疏肝降脂方高、中、低剂量组、壳脂胶囊对照组和空白组。采用饲养高脂饲料及皮下注射5%CCl₄复制NAFLD肥胖小鼠模型,分别以相应药物灌胃6周,检测血清中ALT、AST及FFA的含量,光镜下观察肝组织的脂肪变程度。结果:①各个用药组相比模型组,血清ALT、AST均降低有统计学意义(P<0.01),且中药各浓度组较壳脂胶囊组血清ALT、AST降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 中药高、中剂量组相比模型组FFA降低,比较有统计学意义(P<0.05); 但与壳脂胶囊组相比,中药各剂量组改善FFA,差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。②光镜可见:各用药组光镜下病理组织改变均较模型组明显,以中、高剂量组较低剂量组小鼠肝细胞脂肪变程度减轻较明显。结论:健脾疏肝降脂方能有效降低NAFLD肥胖小鼠的肝功能、其与浓度无关; 可以降低FFA及改善光镜下肝脏的脂肪变,其有效程度与浓度有一定的关系。     

谭新华从肝肾论治男科疾病临证经验

谭新华教授采用温肾补肝、益肾疏肝、填精消癥、养肾柔肝、补肾泻肝之法治疗男性不育症、勃起功能障碍、前列腺增生症、精索静脉曲张、慢性前列腺炎等男科疾病临床疗效显著。本文结合典型案例对谭教授从肝肾论治男科疾病经验进行总结。     

Difference in Survival in Early Kidney after Liver Transplantation Compared with Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation: Evaluating the Potential of the “Safety Net”

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