Trends in the Leading Causes of Death in Korea, 1983-2012

This study aimed to analyze trends in the 10 leading causes of death in Korea from 1983 to 2012. Death rates were derived from the Korean Statistics Information Service database and age-adjusted to the 2010 population. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify the points when statistically significant changes occurred in the trends. Between 1983 and 2012, the age-standardized death rate (ASR) from all causes decreased by 61.6% for men and 51.2% for women. ASRs from malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, and transport accidents increased initially before decreasing. ASRs from hypertensive diseases, heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and diseases of the liver showed favorable trends (ASR % change: -94.4%, -53.8%, -76.0%, and -78.9% for men, and -77.1%, -36.5%, -67.8%, and -79.9% for women, respectively). ASRs from pneumonia decreased until the mid-1990s and thereafter increased. ASRs from intentional self-harm increased persistently since around 1990 (ASR % change: 122.0% for men and 217.4% for women). In conclusion, death rates from all causes in Korea decreased significantly in the last three decades except in the late 1990s. Despite the great strides made in the overall mortality, temporal trends varied widely by cause. Mortality trends for malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia and intentional self-harm were unfavorable.

Graphical Abstract

相似文献   

The Extended Rapid Response System: 1-Year Experience in a University Hospital

The rapid response system (RRS) is an innovative system designed for in-hospital, at-risk patients but underutilization of the RRS generally results in unexpected cardiopulmonary arrests. We implemented an extended RRS (E-RRS) that was triggered by actively screening at-risk patients prior to calls from primary medical attendants. These patients were identified from laboratory data, emergency consults, and step-down units. A four-member rapid response team was assembled that included an ICU staff, and the team visited the patients more than twice per day for evaluation, triage, and treatment of the patients with evidence of acute physiological decline. The goal was to provide this treatment before the team received a call from the patient''s primary physician. We sought to describe the effectiveness of the E-RRS at preventing sudden and unexpected arrests and in-hospital mortality. Over the 1-yr intervention period, 2,722 patients were screened by the E-RRS program from 28,661 admissions. There were a total of 1,996 E-RRS activations of simple consultations for invasive procedures. After E-RRS implementation, the mean hospital code rate decreased by 31.1% and the mean in-hospital mortality rate was reduced by 15.3%. In conclusion, the implementation of E-RRS is associated with a reduction in the in-hospital code and mortality rates.

Graphical Abstract

相似文献   

Iron metabolism imbalance at the time of listing increases overall and infectious mortality after liver transplantation

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT) is the best treatment for patients with liver cancer or end stage cirrhosis, but it is still associated with a significant mortality. Therefore identifying factors associated with mortality could help improve patient management. The impact of iron metabolism, which could be a relevant therapeutic target, yield discrepant results in this setting. Previous studies suggest that increased serum ferritin is associated with higher mortality.Surprisingly iron deficiency which is a well described risk factor in critically ill patients has not been considered.AIM To assess the impact of pre-transplant iron metabolism parameters on posttransplant survival.METHODS From 2001 to 2011, 553 patients who underwent LT with iron metabolism parameters available at LT evaluation were included. Data were prospectively recorded at the time of evaluation and at the time of LT regarding donor and recipient. Serum ferritin(SF) and transferrin saturation(TS) were studied as continuous and categorical variable. Cox regression analysis was used to determine mortality risks factors. Follow-up data were obtained from the local and national database regarding causes of death.RESULTS At the end of a 95-mo median follow-up, 196 patients were dead, 38 of them because of infections. In multivariate analysis, overall mortality was significantly associated with TS 75% [HR: 1.73(1.14; 2.63)], SF 100 μg/L [HR: 1.62(1.12;2.35)], hepatocellular carcinoma [HR: 1.58(1.15; 2.26)], estimated glomerular filtration rate(CKD EPI Cystatin C) [HR: 0.99(0.98; 0.99)], and packed red blood cell transfusion [HR: 1.05(1.03; 1.08)]. Kaplan Meier curves show that patients with low SF( 100 μg/L) or high SF( 400 μg/L) have lower survival rates at 36 mo than patients with normal SF(P = 0.008 and P = 0.016 respectively). Patients with TS higher than 75% had higher mortality at 12 mo(91.4% ± 1.4% vs 84.6% ±3.1%, P = 0.039). TS 75% was significantly associated with infection related death [HR: 3.06(1.13; 8.23)].CONCLUSION Our results show that iron metabolism imbalance(either deficiency or overload)is associated with post-transplant overall and infectious mortality. Impact of iron supplementation or depletion should be assessed in prospective study.     

1892例肝衰竭患者并发症及死亡原因分析

目的：探讨肝衰竭的并发症和死亡原因及两者之间的关系。方法回顾性总结1892例肝衰竭患者的临床资料,对年龄、性别、病因、并发症和临床转归等方面进行比较分析。结果1892例患者中,男性1206例（63.74%）,女性686例（36.26%）,平均年龄（48.9±11.3）岁;肝衰竭病因主要为乙型肝炎病毒感染（1319例,69.7%）、HEV 感染102例（5.4%）、药物（102例,5.4%）、酒精（89例,4.7%）和不明原因（107例,5.7%）;1543例（81.6%）患者发生了肝衰竭相关的并发症,包括感染、出血、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征和脑水肿,发生率分别为69.82%、30.97%、23.04%、16.97%和2.59%;急性肝衰竭患者在肝性脑病、肝肾综合征和脑水肿的发生率分别为77.14%,45.71%和20.0%,发生率均明显高于其它几型肝衰竭（P〈0.05）;发生脑水肿的49例患者死亡率为100%,发生肝肾综合征的291例患者死亡率为90.65%;1092例发生一种并发症的患者死亡率为62.09%,288例发生两种并发症的患者死亡率为78.47%,163例患者发生3种及3种以上并发症的患者死亡率高达98.16%。结论肝衰竭易发生并发症,感染是肝衰竭患者最常见的并发症,脑水肿和肝肾综合征是最严重的并发症;肝衰竭患者的死亡率随并发症增多而升高。     

2013年-2017年某三甲医院住院病例死因分析

目的分析冀鲁豫交界某三甲医院5年住院患者死因构成特点,为提升医疗技术与质量管理、合理配置医疗资源提供参考。方法收集某三甲医院2013年1月1日-2017年12月31日1329例住院死亡病例相关基本信息,按照ICD-10分类标准,采用统计描述、趋势分析、χ^2检验等统计方法进行回顾性分析。结果2013年-2017年某院共出院患者319481人次,死亡1329例,病死率为4.16%,住院患者病死率随年份有线性上升趋势。男性死亡845例,死亡率为0.55%,女性494例,死亡率为0.29%,男女死亡率差异有统计学意义;≥65岁年龄组病死率最高为1.07%,5岁~14岁年龄组病死率最低为0.09%,不同年龄组病死率差异有统计学意义。前5位死因及顺位为循环系统疾病(35.99%)、肿瘤(24.92%)、损伤及中毒(14.16%)、呼吸系统疾病(8.66%)、消化系统疾病(4.74%)。循环系统疾病前5位病种死因构成比为70.71%,恶性肿瘤前5位病种死因构成比为71.0%,损伤、中毒前5位病种死因构成比为96.81%。结论循环系统为重要死亡原因,医院应着重提高医疗技术与多学科综合协作救治能力,采取措施降低中低风险死亡率,重视循环系统疾病的早期筛查和干预,还要加强对高年龄患者慢性病的防治和心理疏导。     

护理学专业学生临床实习前死亡态度与临终关怀态度调查

目的调查已结束课堂学习并即将进入临床的实习护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度,分析两者之间的相关性及在本科与大专护生间的差异。方法采用横断面研究设计调查232名高年级在校护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度情况。研究工具包括中文版死亡态度描绘量表(修订版)和中文版佛罗梅尔特临终关怀态度量表-B表。采用Pearson相关分析和t检验进行数据分析。结果护生死亡态度各维度均分为:中立接受(4.10±0.43)、死亡恐惧(2.76±0.66)、死亡逃避(2.73±0.74)、趋近接受(2.61±0.58)、逃离接受(2.48±0.75)。临终关怀态度总分为(107.63±8.45)。临终关怀态度与死亡恐惧(r=-0.247,P<0.01)、死亡逃避(r=-0.278,P<0.01)及逃离接受(r=-0.145,P<0.05)呈负相关,与中立接受呈正相关(r=0.405,P<0.01)。本科护生死亡逃避得分明显低于大专护生(t=-2.043,P<0.05),且临终关怀态度得分明显高于大专护生(t=2.639,P<0.01)。结论护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度有较大改善空间,加强临终关怀教育势在必行。     

Stratification of the Risk of Sudden Death in Nonischemic Heart Failure

Despite significant therapeutic advancements, heart failure remains a highly prevalent clinical condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In 30%-40% patients, the etiology of heart failure is nonischemic. The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is capable of preventing sudden death and decreasing total mortality in patients with nonischemic heart failure. However, a significant number of patients receiving ICD do not receive any kind of therapy during follow-up. Moreover, considering the situation in Brazil and several other countries, ICD cannot be implanted in all patients with nonischemic heart failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify patients at an increased risk of sudden death because these would benefit more than patients at a lower risk, despite the presence of heart failure in both risk groups. In this study, the authors review the primary available methods for the stratification of the risk of sudden death in patients with nonischemic heart failure.     

Baroreflex Sensitivity and its Association with Arrhythmic Events in Chagas Disease

Background

Sudden death is the leading cause of death in Chagas disease (CD), even in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF), suggesting that destabilizing factors of the arrhythmogenic substrate (autonomic modulation) contribute to its occurrence.

Objective

To determine baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in patients with undetermined CD (GI), arrhythmogenic CD with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) (GII) and CD with spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia (STV) (GIII), to evaluate its association with the occurrence and complexity of arrhythmias.

Method

Forty-two patients with CD underwent ECG and continuous and noninvasive BP monitoring (TASK force monitor). The following were determined: BRS (phenylephrine method); heart rate variability (HRV) on 24-h Holter; and EF (echocardiogram).

Results

GIII had lower BRS (6.09 ms/mm Hg) as compared to GII (11.84) and GI (15.23). The difference was significant between GI and GIII (p = 0.01). Correlating BRS with the density of ventricular extrasystoles (VE), low VE density (<10/h) was associated with preserved BRS. Only 59% of the patients with high VE density (> 10/h) had preserved BRS (p = 0.003). Patients with depressed BRS had higher VE density (p = 0.01), regardless of the EF. The BRS was the only variable related to the occurrence of SVT (p = 0.028).

Conclusion

The BRS is preserved in undetermined CD. The BRS impairment increases as disease progresses, being more severe in patients with more complex ventricular arrhythmias. The degree of autonomic dysfunction did not correlate with EF, but with the density and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias.