首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   12010篇
  免费   901篇
  国内免费   440篇
耳鼻咽喉   6篇
儿科学   231篇
妇产科学   17篇
基础医学   776篇
口腔科学   5篇
临床医学   1119篇
内科学   1989篇
皮肤病学   32篇
神经病学   25篇
特种医学   164篇
外科学   2391篇
综合类   3092篇
现状与发展   4篇
预防医学   388篇
眼科学   30篇
药学   1442篇
  12篇
中国医学   1598篇
肿瘤学   30篇
  2024年   48篇
  2023年   146篇
  2022年   304篇
  2021年   488篇
  2020年   389篇
  2019年   336篇
  2018年   362篇
  2017年   401篇
  2016年   468篇
  2015年   545篇
  2014年   948篇
  2013年   921篇
  2012年   969篇
  2011年   977篇
  2010年   699篇
  2009年   619篇
  2008年   638篇
  2007年   591篇
  2006年   552篇
  2005年   509篇
  2004年   387篇
  2003年   315篇
  2002年   254篇
  2001年   229篇
  2000年   170篇
  1999年   127篇
  1998年   110篇
  1997年   122篇
  1996年   96篇
  1995年   86篇
  1994年   77篇
  1993年   74篇
  1992年   67篇
  1991年   38篇
  1990年   42篇
  1989年   49篇
  1988年   48篇
  1987年   35篇
  1986年   21篇
  1985年   25篇
  1984年   23篇
  1983年   6篇
  1982年   7篇
  1981年   7篇
  1980年   6篇
  1979年   3篇
  1978年   3篇
  1975年   3篇
  1973年   3篇
  1970年   2篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
目的:研究中药复方地灵丹对高尿酸血症肾病模型大鼠急性期生化指标(Scr、BUN、UA)及炎症因子(IL-6、TNF-α)水平的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分组处理:模型组予含酵母干粉的高嘌呤饲料及腺嘌呤灌胃建立高尿酸血症肾病大鼠模型,同时分别用地灵丹和别嘌呤醇干预;空白对照组不造模,仅予生理盐水灌胃对照。检测各组大鼠急性期生化指标(Scr、BUN、UA)及炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α水平进行比较。结果:地灵丹可以显著降低高尿酸血症肾病模型大鼠的急性期尿酸及血肌酐、尿素氮水平;对炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α有一定影响,能减轻模型大鼠急性期肾脏炎性反应。结论:地灵丹能降低高尿酸血症肾病模型大鼠的尿酸水平,改善肾功能,并通过对炎症因子的影响减轻模型大鼠急性期肾脏炎性反应。  相似文献   
92.
目的:探讨降糖保肾方联合厄贝沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效,为治疗早期糖尿病肾病寻找最佳途径。方法:将符合纳入标准的108例患者,经洗脱期后,随机分为西药组(X组),中药组(Z组),中西医结合组(L组)。分别予厄贝沙坦150mg/次,1次/日,口服;降糖保肾方(免煎剂):每日2剂,口服;降糖保肾方(免煎剂)每日2剂联合厄贝沙坦150mg每日1次,口服;维持治疗12周,观察治疗前后症状、血糖、蛋白尿、肾功能、血脂、降糖药用量变化。结果:各组治疗前后ALT,Alb,Scr,BUN差异无统计学意义;降糖保肾方显著改善症状积分,显著降低TC,TG,HbA1c,减少胰岛素用量,显著降低餐后2h血糖,显著降低24h尿蛋白,显著降低24h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(P〈0.05);联合厄贝沙坦后以上作用较单用降糖保肾方更显著(P〈0.05)。结论:降糖保肾方联合厄贝沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病疗效显著,值得临床推广使用。  相似文献   
93.
Kriss M, Sotil EU, Abecassis M, Welti M, Levitsky J. Mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in liver transplant recipients.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E639–E646. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:  Introduction: Complete conversion of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) immunosuppressant therapy to non‐nephrotoxic agents such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is controversial, but may be safe in selected patients, although appropriate protocols and long‐term benefits of conversion are not well reported. Methods: We analyzed all liver transplant (LT) recipients at our institution who were converted from CNI‐based therapy to MMF monotherapy because of renal dysfunction (n = 23) and compared them with patients remaining on CNI‐based therapy (n = 23). Renal function, rejection episodes, and markers of CNI‐related comorbidities (lipid profile, blood pressure, and glycosylated hemoglobin) were noted. Results: Overall, serum creatinine (SCr) and calculated glomerular filtration rate improved on MMF monotherapy. This improvement was significant when compared with patients who remained on CNI‐based therapy. Improvement was most pronounced in patients with milder renal dysfunction (SCr <2.2 mg/dL prior to conversion) (n = 14) with decrease in SCr from 1.63 ± 0.29 to 1.34 ± 0.26 mg/dL (p = 0.02) at last follow‐up. Five patients on MMF monotherapy (21.7%) progressed to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), while only two (8.7%) had rejection episodes following conversion. Clinical markers of CNI‐related comorbidities also improved. MMF monotherapy was well tolerated. Conclusion: In summary, our data support the safety and efficacy of CNI to MMF monotherapy conversion.  相似文献   
94.
目的:探讨肥胖相关性肾病(ORG)伴IgA肾病的组织形态学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析2例ORG伴IgA肾病的临床病理资料,并结合文献进行复习。结果:2例均为成年人,男女各1例,中位年龄35.5岁;以尿检异常为主要症状,体型肥胖,BMI均超正常值。光镜示:肾小球显著肥大,系膜区及系膜旁区沉积物伴一定数量的肾小球硬化。免疫组化显示以IgA沉积为主的系膜区沉积。电镜显示系膜区少量沉积物伴足突融合及微绒毛变性。结论:ORG伴IgA肾病非常罕见,依赖病理形态学和免疫表型,结合患者有肥胖及BMI超标即可确诊。病理学上需与IgA沉积及肾小球硬化相关肾病加以鉴别。ORG伴IgA肾病治疗方法多种,其预后较难预测。  相似文献   
95.
目的:探讨血管紧张素1型受体相关蛋白(putative receptor protein related to AT1,apelin-APJ)系统在糖尿病肾病发生中的作用及机制。方法:20只大鼠应用链脲佐菌素(STZ60mg/kg体重)构建1型糖尿病大鼠模型后随机分为三组,正常对照组(N)、糖尿病组(DN)、apelin干预组(T)。于应用apelin-13前、后4周,8周,12周测定三组大鼠24h尿微量白蛋白量、尿白蛋白/血肌酐指数;应用apelin-13前和12周时采血分别测定血肌酐(Scr);应用ELISA法检测血清apelin-13水平;应用Western blot和免疫组化方法检测大鼠肾组织APJ受体和AngⅡ相关的1型受体(AT1R)的蛋白表达量。结果:与N组比较,DN组大鼠尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白/血肌酐指数显著升高(P〈0.01),肾组织APJ受体的蛋白表达量显著下降(P〈0.01),AT1R的表达量显著升高。与DN组比较,T组大鼠尿微量白蛋白、白蛋白/肌酐指数显著下降(P〈0.05),肾组织APJ受体的蛋白表达量显著上升(P〈0.01),AT1R的表达量显著下降。N组与T组大鼠尿微量白蛋白、白蛋白/肌酐指数、肾组织APJ受体和AT1R的蛋白表达量之间差异无统计学意义。结论:Apelin-APJ系统可能参与了糖尿病肾病的发病过程,其可能通过拮抗AngⅡ-AT1R的作用而对糖尿病大鼠肾脏起保护作用。  相似文献   
96.
Aim: The authors recently showed that advanced glycation end‐products (AGE) in the form of glycated albumin (GA) upregulated renal tubular expression of interleukin (IL)‐8 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), but not other important cytokines known to mediate diabetic nephropathy. This implies that other molecules such as the carbonyl intermediates of AGE or other modified protein lysine‐albumin may participate in diabetic tubular injury. Methods: Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) were growth‐arrested and exposed to methylglyoxal (MG), MG‐bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐AGE, carboxymethyllysine (CML)‐BSA, AGE‐BSA or BSA with or without prior addition of rosiglitazone that was previously shown to attenuate the pro‐inflammatory effect of GA alone. Results: MG‐BSA‐AGE and AGE‐BSA upregulated tubular expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas CML‐BSA stimulated expression of IL‐6, CCL‐2, CTGF, TGF‐β and VEGF. These AGE compounds also activated nuclear factor (NF)‐κB and their effects were attenuated by pre‐incubation with anti‐RAGE antibody. MG and BSA did not affect the expression of any of these molecules. Rosiglitazone did not affect the in vitro biological effects of MG, MG‐BSA‐AGE, AGE‐BSA or CML‐BSA on PTEC. Conclusion: AGE exhibit differential inflammatory and fibrotic effects on PTEC via RAGE activation and NF‐κB signal transduction. Rosiglitazone had no effect on these responses. Further investigations on compounds that nullify the downstream effects of these AGE are warranted.  相似文献   
97.
First line immunosuppressive treatment in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children is still open to discussion. We conducted a controlled multicentre randomized open label trial to test the efficacy and safety of cyclosporin A (CSA) versus cyclophosphamide pulses (CPH) in the initial therapy of children with newly diagnosed primary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and histologically proven minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or mesangial hypercellularity. Patients in the CSA group (n = 15) were initially treated with 150 mg/m(2) CSA orally to achieve trough levels of 120-180 ng/ml, while patients in the CPH group (n = 17) received CPH pulses (500 mg/m(2) per month intravenous). All patients were on alternate prednisone therapy. Patients with proteinuria >40 mg/m(2) per hour at 12 weeks of therapy were allocated to a non-responder protocol with high-dose CSA therapy or methylprednisolone pulses. At week 12, nine of the 15 (60%) CSA patients showed at least partial remission, evidences by a reduction of proteinuria <40 mg/h per m(2). In contrast, three of the 17 (17%) CPH patients responded (p < 0.05, intention-to-treat). Given these results, the study was stopped, in accordance with the protocol. After 24 weeks, complete remission was reached by two of the 15 (13%) CSA and one of the 17 (5%) CPH patients (p = n.s.). Partial remission was achieved by seven of the 15 (46%) CSA and two of the 15 (11%) CPH patients (p <0.05). Five patients in the CSA group and 14 patients in the CPH group were withdrawn from the study, most of them during the non-responder protocol. The number of adverse events was comparable between both groups. We conclude that CSA is more effective than CPH in inducing at least partial remission in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children.  相似文献   
98.
目的:观察辛夷挥发油对糖尿病大鼠肾组织中P-selectin mRNA表达的影响,探讨其对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病对照组及辛夷挥发油大、中、小剂量治疗组。造模前、后及成模后第4、8、12周检测各组大鼠的体重、血糖、24h尿蛋白定量;第12周处死大鼠检测肾功能;光镜及电镜观察肾组织病理变化;Realtime PCR检测肾组织中P-selectin mRNA表达。结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病对照组血糖、肾重/体重、24h尿蛋白定量、血尿素氮、肾组织中P-selectin mRNA表达显著升高(P〈0.01);血肌酐显著降低(P〈0.01);病理改变较明显。辛夷挥发油各治疗组24h尿蛋白定量、肾组织中P-selectin mRNA表达较糖尿病对照组显著降低(P〈0.01),病理改变亦较糖尿病对照组轻。结论:辛夷挥发油可能通过抑制糖尿病大鼠肾组织中P-selectin mRNA表达而对肾脏具有保护作用。  相似文献   
99.
目的探讨维生素E和氨基胍在糖尿病肾病(DN)治疗中的协同作用。方法①以一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,55mg/kg)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,将大鼠分为正常对照组、糖尿病对照组、糖尿病加维生素E治疗组、糖尿病加氨基胍治疗组、糖尿病加维生素E加氨基胍治疗组;②观察1、2、4、8、12、16周时各组大鼠24h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER),16周时各组大鼠尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)及肾组织病理改变情况;③观察各组大鼠16周时肾小球活性氧(ROS)聚集情况以及肾间质8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHDG)表达情况。结果与糖尿病组比较,维生素E治疗组在2周时UAER明显下降,但在4、8、12、16周时两组比较无统计学意义;氨基胍治疗组和两药合用组则在包括2周以后的各时间点UAER均较糖尿病组明显下降,且两药合用组UAER下降更明显。16周时各组间BUN、SCr差异无统计学意义。16周时糖尿病组大鼠肾小球系膜区增宽,系膜基质聚集;维生素E治疗组肾组织病理无改善,氨基胍治疗组略有改善,而两药合用组则有明显改善。16周时糖尿病组大鼠肾小球ROS聚集,肾间质8-OHDG表达增强,维生素E组肾组织ROS聚集和8-OHDG表达未减轻,氨基胍治疗有一定程度减轻,两药合用组肾组织ROS聚集和8-OHDG表达则明显减轻。结论维生素E和氨基胍在DN的治疗中具有协同作用,而这一协同作用可能通过协同抗氧化来实现。  相似文献   
100.
A 65-year-old woman with a 48-year history of Behçet’s disease associated with nephrotic syndrome is described. Immunofluorescence study revealed IgA nephropathy. Following treatment with an angiotensin II type-I receptor-blocker, an anti-platelet drug, and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, accompanied by dietary restrictions of protein and sodium, proteinuria was markedly decreased. This report describes our experience with a rare entity of Behçet’s disease complicated by nephrotic syndrome due to IgA nephropathy. Routine urine examination and renal biopsy are needed for the detection and diagnosis of renal problems with Behçet’s disease.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号