深圳市厨余垃圾现状调查及处理对策

调查了深圳市重点区域餐饮单位厨余垃圾的排放量、排放去向,收运和处置现状,并采样分析了厨余垃圾成分,提出了深圳市厨余垃圾的收运处理对策:即统一收运,建立厨余垃圾处理厂,建议利用厨余垃圾堆肥或制作饲料.     

Histopathologic approaches to the infiltrative renal mass

Most renal masses are round or oval, well-circumscribed, and demonstrate a well-defined interface from the normal renal parenchyma. However, a small subset of renal tumors exhibits an infiltrative pattern, with a poorly-defined interface with the renal parenchyma and entrapment of normal structures. These infiltrative renal malignancies generally show more aggressive clinical course and are associated with a poorer prognosis compared to the more typical renal neoplasms. Main differential diagnoses for a renal mass with infiltrative histology would include urothelial carcinoma, fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC), medullary RCC, metastatic cancer from another organ, and rare patterns of clear cell or papillary RCC. Non-epithelial processes may include lymphoma and various infectious, inflammatory, immune-mediated, and vascular mimics. Collecting duct carcinoma is extremely rare in modern practice and is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion once the previous considerations are thoroughly argued against. The aim of this review is to familiarize pathologists with the spectrum of entities that can present as infiltrative masses in the kidney, and to highlight the most relevant immunohistochemical or other tools to facilitate accurate diagnoses and appropriate patient management.     

呼出气冷凝液收集器的设计及其临床应用

目的:呼出气冷凝液(exhaled breath condensate,EBC)检测是评价气道炎性反应和氧化应激程度的一种无创手段.本研究旨在设计一种收集EBC的装置并探讨其可行性及临床应用价值.方法:自制的收集EBC装置由两部分组成:含有冰块的水杯、带有痰液收集器的一次性吸痰管.通过测量20名志愿者在不同时间收集的EBC的量,来确定收集EBC的最佳时间;并对10例肺部感染、10例肺癌患者的EBC进行CEA检测,进一步验证收集效果.结果:收集EBC时,时间以15 min为宜.10例肺部感染、10例肺癌患者收集EBC 15 min,EBC的量平均为(2.15±0.82)mL,肺癌组患者EBC中CEA明显高于肺炎组和对照组.结论:自制EBC收集装置收集EBC效果好、简便、安全、重复性好,适合临床应用.