宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液在不孕不育症患者临床治疗中的效果观察

目的:观察宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液在不孕不育症患者临床治疗中的效果。方法:回顾性分析本院2011年4月-2013年2月收治的100例不孕不育症患者的临床资料。结果:术前两组患者的输卵管双侧通畅和一侧不通或通而不畅的发生率明显比术后低,双侧阻塞的发生率明显比术后高,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);原发不孕组和继发不孕组患者通液后各种情况的输卵管通畅率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);原发不孕组和继发不孕组患者3个月~1.5年后的受孕率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液在不孕不育症患者临床治疗中的效果良好,能够有效改善各种类型不孕不育症患者输卵管的通畅性,值得在临床广为推广。     

浅谈临床观察在精神科中的重要性

目的对临床观察在精神科的重要性进行分析。方法资料选取2011年1月至2013年3月在我院精神科患者76例,将其作为研究对象,将其分为两组,对照组采用常规治疗及护理,研究组在对照组基础上进行临床观察;并从一般资料、观察方法以及观察效果进行分析。结果精神科患者经治疗及护理后,临床症状及HAMD评估结果中,研究组总有效率为94.74%,明显高于对照组总有效率78.95%,比较均有差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床观察是医护人员的基本功,与护理人员的知识水平以及护理经验呈正相关,精神科医护人员需不断提升自身综合素质水平,提高对精神病患者临床症状的观察和判断能力,确保护理的质量,进而提升治疗疗效。     

B超引导经皮肝穿射频治疗肝癌24例临床研究

目的探讨肝癌患者实施经皮肝穿射频治疗的效果。方法回顾性分析2006年11月～2011年1月本院24例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者行B超引导经皮肝穿射频治疗的临床资料。结果24例患者中，16例患者15min吲哚靛青绿储留率（ICGR15）〈10％，5例10％～20％之间，3例〉20％；甲胎蛋白提示阳性患者经治疗后转为阴性的有75．0％，呈明显下降的有25．0％；CT复查显示肿瘤缩小，完全凝固性的坏死率是87．5％。结论对于肝癌患者，尤其是重度肝硬化、肝功能较差、不耐手术、术后复发者，实施RF治疗不仅创伤小，而且方便、安全，疗效确切，应予临床合理推广。     

Clinical implementation of systematic medication reconciliation and review as part of the Lund Integrated Medicines Management model – impact on all‐cause emergency department revisits

What is known and objective: Interventions involving medication reconciliation and review by clinical pharmacists can reduce drug‐related problems and improve therapeutic outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of routine admission medication reconciliation and inpatient medication review on emergency department (ED) revisits after discharge. Secondary outcomes included the combined rate of post‐discharge hospital revisits or death. Methods: This prospective, controlled study included all patients hospitalized in three internal medicine wards in a university hospital, between 1 January 2006 and 31 May 2008. Medication reconciliation on admission and inpatient medication review, conducted by clinical pharmacists in a multiprofessional team, were implemented in these wards at different times during 2007 and 2008 (intervention periods). A discharge medication reconciliation was undertaken in all the study wards, during both control and intervention periods. Patients were included in the intervention group (n = 1216) if they attended a ward with medication reconciliation and review, whether they had received the intervention or not. Control patients (n = 2758) attended the wards before implementation of the intervention. Results and Discussion: No impact of medication reconciliation and reviews on ED revisits [hazard ratio (HR), 0·95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0·86–1·04]or event‐free survival (HR, 0·96; 95% CI, 0·88–1·04) was demonstrated. In the intervention group, 594 patients (48·8%) visited the ED, compared with 1416 (51·3%) control patients. In total, 716 intervention (58·9%) and 1688 (61·2%) control patients experienced any event (ED visit, hospitalization or death). Because the time to a subsequent ED visit was longer for the control as well as the intervention groups in 2007 than in 2006 (P < 0·05), we re‐examined this cohort of patients; the proportion of patients revisiting the ED was similar in both groups in 2007 (P = 0·608). What is new and conclusion: Routine implementation of medication reconciliation and reviews on admission and during the hospital stay did not appear to have any impact on ED revisits, re‐hospitalizations or mortality over 6‐month follow‐up.     

Erythropoietic protoporphyria in Sweden: demographic,clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics

Abstract. Wahlin S, Floderus Y, Stål P, Harper P (Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Erythropoietic protoporphyria in Sweden: demographic, clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics. J Intern Med 2010; 269 : 278–288. Objective. To investigate the demographic, clinical, biochemical and genotypic features of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) in a Swedish cohort. Design. Cross‐sectional questionnaire, biochemical and genetic study. Setting. Sweden. Subjects. Fifty‐one Swedish individuals known in 2008 to have EPP confirmed by molecular diagnosis. There were no exclusion criteria; all patients were included in the demographic and genetic study. A total of 92% participants completed the questionnaire study and 82% the biochemical study. Results. The prevalence of EPP was 1 : 180 000. Nine novel ferrochelatase gene mutations were found. The most commonly reported age at onset of symptoms was the first year of life and the mean age at diagnosis was 22 years. Painful photosensitivity was the main symptom. Exogenous factors other than sunlight were frequently reported to cause cutaneous symptoms. One in five patients reported a positive effect of beta‐carotene therapy. A marked impact of EPP on quality of life was reported. Women had a significantly lower mean erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration than men. Of all participants, 84% had insufficient vitamin D concentrations, 44% had below normal serum ferritin or transferrin saturation levels and red cell abnormalities were common. Conclusions. The notably delayed diagnosis suggests the need for an increased awareness of EPP. Disturbed erythropoiesis, biochemical signs of iron deficiency and low vitamin D levels are frequent findings in this disease. New and better treatments are needed as current treatment options for symptom amelioration are limited. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered.     

Mild parkinsonian features in dystonia: Literature review,mechanisms and clinical perspectives

Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that can be highly stigmatizing and disabling. Substantial evidence from animal models, neuropathological, neurophysiological, neuroimaging and clinical studies emphasizes the role of dopaminergic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of dystonia, illustrating possible pathophysiological overlap with parkinsonism. Furthermore, basal ganglia dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dystonia, and is well established to underlie the manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Clinically, parkinsonian features are a key characteristic of some combined dystonias, including dopa-responsive dystonia, and Parkinson's disease often presents with dystonia. Moreover, many treatments effective in Parkinson's disease, both medical and surgical, also offer some benefit in dystonia. Therefore, mild parkinsonian features might logically accompany idiopathic and inherited isolated dystonias. However, as the current literature is particularly scant, the present review aimed to investigate mild parkinsonism in idiopathic and inherited dystonia. We found limited evidence alluding to the presence of mildly reduced arm-swing, increased tone, and non-decremental bradykinesia in adult-onset focal dystonia. Tremor, with postures, action and rest, also occurs commonly in idiopathic isolated dystonia, and can simulate Parkinson's disease tremor and be a cause of ‘scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit’. Parkinsonian features in monogenic isolated dystonias have been less well investigated, despite the potential benefit of correlating pathophysiological and clinical findings. The recognition and improved clinical characterization of parkinsonian features in idiopathic and inherited isolated dystonia extends the clinical spectrum of motor features in dystonia, which may help avoid incorrect diagnosis and inform therapeutic research.     

《临床能力综合评价研究与实践项目》实施情况研究

为研究如何进一步提高临床教学基地的教学水平,对2016年来本院实习的80名同学采用临床实施能力考核(performance-based assessment,PBA)项目进行考核,发现实施PBA考核有助提高实习医生的临床技能及带教医师的教学质量.