Effect of Bupivacaine application on cholinesterase activities,total protein- and albumin concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid

The rationale of this study was to determine whether Bupivacaine used for spinal anesthesia alters the specific secretory activity of nerve cells and/or the function of the blood/cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Four groups were assessed: (1) patients undergoing spinal anesthesia using Bupivacaine for lower limb surgery, (2) spinal Bupivacaine anesthesia without subsequent surgery, (3) local facet joint infiltration using Bupivacaine, and (4) general anesthesia for lower limb surgery without Bupivacaine application. Cholinesterase activities, total protein- and albumin concentrations in serum as well as in cerebrospinal fluid were significantly decreased after surgical intervention under spinal Bupivacaine anesthesia but remained unchanged following spinal Bupivacaine application without surgery. No significant correlation was found between Bupivacaine dosage and parameter alteration. There was no influence of intrathecal Bupivacaine application on the albumin ratio cerebrospinal fluid/serum, nor was there any significant alteration of total protein- or albumin concentrations and butyrylcholinesterase activity in the serum as a result of local injection of Bupivacaine to facet joints. These serum parameters were reduced after surgery under general anesthesia. Alterations of serum- and cerebrospinal fluid parameters investigated after surgery are not related to Bupivacaine application but to effects linked to operative treatment, i.e. suppressed secretory cell activity or protein depletion owing to blood loss. We conclude that the secretory function of cholinesterase-releasing nerve cells is not affected by spinal application of Bupivacaine. The blood/cerebrospinal fluid barrier remains intact.     

肝病患者TBA、PA、Cys C、GLDH、CHE检测分析

目的探讨血清前白蛋白（PA）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（CysC）和胆碱酯酶（CHE）联合检测在肝病患者中的变化和临床意义,为其诊断和治疗提供依据。方法 253例肝病患者分为急性肝炎（84例）、慢性肝炎（93例）、肝硬化（46例）、肝癌（30例）4组;56例健康体检者作为对照组,分别检测血清TBA、PA、CHE、GLDH、CysC浓度并进行对照分析。结果肝病患者各组患者PA、CHE浓度明显降低,以肝硬化和肝癌组最为明显;CysC、GLDH、TBA显著升高,依次为肝硬化组、慢性肝炎组、急性肝炎组,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 PA、CHE变化反映各型肝炎早期肝细胞的损害程度。TBA、CysC、GLDH是各种肝病的敏感指标,对肝炎的早期诊断及预后判断有重要临床意义。     

高血压对大鼠听功能及耳蜗乳酸脱氢酶、胆碱酯酶影响的研究

目的　探讨高血压与听觉系统老化的关系。　方法　选择鼓膜正常、耳廓反射正常的自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR) 3、12月龄各 2 0只、Wister大鼠 3、12月龄各 2 0只 ,雌雄均有 ,体重 3月龄2 0 0～ 30 0 g ,12月龄 4 5 0～ 6 0 0 g。采用大鼠血压心率仪测量尾动脉血压 ,SpiritTM 诱发电位仪测试听性脑干反应 (ABR)阈值 (Ⅱ波 )。内耳乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)和胆碱酯酶 (ChE)染色 ,用图像分析仪测量其吸光度。　结果　Wister 3月龄组大鼠和SHR3月龄组大鼠ABR阈值、耳蜗Corti器和螺旋神经节的LDH和ChE活性差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,Wister 12月龄组大鼠ABR阈值 (5 0 4 6± 7 87)dBpeSPL较 3月龄组大鼠 (40 0 0± 1 5 0 )dBpeSPL升高 ,耳蜗相应部位LDH、ChE活性分别升高和下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ;SHR12月龄组大鼠ABR阈值 (6 4 10± 7 2 6 )dBpeSPL较 3月龄组大鼠 (40 0 0± 1 6 6 )dBpeSPL明显升高 ,耳蜗相应部位LDH、ChE活性明显升高和下降 (P <0 0 1)。　 结论　Wister 12月龄大鼠存在老年性聋 ,高血压可致大鼠耳蜗糖代谢发生障碍、神经递质分泌异常 ,这些因素都可能加重听觉系统的老化。     

Structure-activity relationship of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors including paraquat

The inhibitory effect of paraquat on cholinesterase activity was investigated in comparison with four paraquat derivatives, six monoquaternary ammoniums and six anticholinergic drugs. Inhibitor concentrations to cause 50% inhibition (I⁵⁰) and Hill coefficients for three enzymes, human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Electrophorus electricus AChE and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were measured. The results obtained were as follows. The I⁵⁰ for erythrocyte AChE was similar to the I⁵⁰ for eel AChE. Secondary to edrophonium, diethylparaquat, paraquat, morfamquat and monoquat showed lower I⁵⁰ for AChE, and possessed higher inhibition selectivity (IS), expressed as the ratio of I⁵⁰ for BuChE to I⁵⁰ for erythrocyte AChE. However, diquat showed higher I⁵⁰ for AChE and lower IS, similar to the other monoquaternary ammoniums. A negative correlation was observed between log [I⁵⁰ for erythrocyte AChE] and log [IS], among paraquat and its derivatives, monoquaternary ammoniums and anticholinergic drugs, respectively. With respect to Hill coefficients, these inhibitors could be classified into four groups, [1] competitive inhibitors: diquat, edrophonium, choline, tetramethylammonium and trimethylphenylammonium, [2] inhibitors showing negative cooperativity: paraquat, diethylparaquat, morfamquat, d- tubocurarine, atropine, gallamine and nicotine, [3] moderate type inhibitors: monoquat, hexamethonium and decamethonium. [4] the other type inhibitors showing positive cooperativity for erythrocyte AChE: tetraethylammonium and ethyltrimethylammonium.     

Effect of temperature on the activity of human blood cholinesterases

Temperature conversion tables for activities of human whole blood and plasma cholinesterases were worked out for the temperature range 10° to 40°C. The tables are intended to be used in routine measurement of cholinesterase activity. Enzyme activity was measured by the method of Ellman et al. (1961), which is widely used for screening exposure to anticholinesterase compounds.     

血清胆碱酯酶浓度联合急性生理学与慢性健康状况评估Ⅲ对重症急性胰腺炎患者病情及预后的评估价值

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者入院24h内急性生理学与慢性健康状况评估Ⅲ( APACHEⅢ)和血清胆碱酯酶(ChE)浓度在预测病情及预后中的价值.方法 对62例SAP患者入院24h内进行APACHEⅢ评分,同时测定血清ChE浓度,分析血清ChE浓度和APACHEⅢ评分与病情及预后的关系.结果 存活患者44例,死亡患者18例.存活患者APACHEⅢ评分(52.16±13.76)分,明显低于死亡患者的(97.10±15.85)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而血清ChE浓度(3685±466) U/L,明显高于死亡患者的(2109±345) U/L,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.01).随着APACHEⅢ评分升高,血清ChE浓度降低,且病死率上升.APACHEⅢ评分和血清ChE浓度与患者预后的Logistic回归分析均有统计学意义(P=0.0043、0.0075),APACHEⅢ评分(95％CI 1.0306～1.1507),血清ChE浓度(95％CI 0.9986～1.0125).APACHEⅢ评分和血清ChE浓度与患者预后的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别是0.936和0.882,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.0820),两者联合预测时AUC为0.952,预测的准确度大于其中任意一项单独预测(P=0.0016、0.0027).结论 APACHEⅢ评分和血清ChE浓度与SAP患者病情及预后有显著的相关性,两者联合测定可明显提高对SAP患者预后判断的准确度,为临床救治提供一定指导.     

氯丙烯中毒对兔器官超微结构及胆碱酯酶的影响

用雄性新西兰兔５只形成氯丙烯中毒疾病模型，观察氯丙烯中毒后兔器官的超微结构及胆碱酯酶的变化。结果是脊髓前角细胞和脊神经节有髓鞘和无髓鞘纤维中微管微丝变性，突触前区清亮小泡破裂，线粒体、内质网变性；心肌细胞断裂，肌原纤维间隙增大；肝细胞，肾近曲小管上皮细胞线粒体嵴减少；脊髓灰质、脊神经节、膈、微血管壁胆碱酯酶量减少。     

农药倍硫磷的毒性研究

对国产倍硫磷进行了急性、蓄积性和亚急性毒性实验,并进行了SCE和UDS实验。结果表明,倍硫磷属中等毒类农药,具有明显蓄积性,对全血ChE活性抑制明显,但无明显的皮肤粘膜刺激作用。在本实验条件下未发现倍硫磷对哺乳动物细胞有致突变作用。     

Serum and CSF cholinesterase activity in various kinds of dementia

Summary The activity of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase was determined in serum and CSF of controls and patients suffering from different types of dementia. A statistically significant decrease in the activities of both esterases was observed in CSF of demented patients, however, primary degenerative and vascular dementia did not differ in their CSF cholinesterase levels. Compared to age-matched controls the serum butyrylcholinesterase activity was also significantly lowered in the overall dementia group. No typical serum and CSF cholinesterase isoenzyme pattern was found for dementia or any of its subgroups. It is concluded that the cholinesterase levels reflect metabolic alterations associated with dementia as a collective group but cannot be used for differential diagnosis of subgroups.     

神经纤维纵切及同时显示ATP-ase和ChE活性的组织化学方法

在介绍制作新鲜冰冻神经纤维切片简单、有效方法的同时,报告了在切片上同时显示三磷酸腺苷酶(ATP-ase)及胆碱酯酶(ChE)活性的组织化学方法,这对观察神经纤维内两种酶的相互关系和生理或病理性的细胞化学改变是有意义的。