鹿鞭商品中总多糖含量测定

目的建立鹿鞭药材中总多糖含量测定方法,以评价不同产地的鹿鞭药材质量。方法采用乙醚脱脂水提取后,苯酚-硫酸显色,采用分光光度法,测定两个品种、10个不同产地的鹿鞭药材中的总多糖含量。结果样品中总多糖含量以葡萄糖计的回归方程Y=0．0209X-0.2007（r=0．9991）,线性范围在0～50μg,RSD=17％,平均回收率为101.11％。结论采用硫酸-苯酚法测定鹿鞭药材中总多糖含量的方法简便,结果理想,可作为该药材质量控制的方法。     

鹿茸化学成分和药理活性研究进展

目的：为鹿茸的开发利用提供参考。方法：经数据库检索,查阅国内外公开发表的文章,从鹿茸的化学成分、药理作用两方面进行综述。结果：鹿茸含有多种化学成分,主要有氨基酸类、脂肪酸、脂类、含氮类化合物、多糖等。鹿茸具有改善心血管及神经系统功能,具有抗氧化、增强性功能、促进创伤愈合、抗应激、增强免疫力、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性。结论：鹿茸具有多种化学成分以及多方面的药理活性,进一步研究鹿茸的有效成分及其生物学活性将具有重要的临床价值和意义。     

Reconsolidation of memory: A decade of debate

Memory consolidation refers to a slow process that stabilises a memory trace after initial acquisition of novel events. The consolidation theory posits that once a memory is stored in the brain, it remains fixed for the lifetime of the memory. However, compelling evidence has suggested that upon recall, memories can re-enter a state of transient instability, requiring further stabilisation to be available once again for recall. Since its rehabilitation in the past ten years, this process of reconsolidation of memory after recall stimulated intense debates in the field of cognitive neuroscience. In this review we compile this plentiful literature with a particular emphasis on some of the key questions that have emerged from the reconsolidation theory. We focus on tracing the characterisation of the boundary conditions that constrain the occurrence of memory reconsolidation. We also discuss accumulating evidence supporting the idea that reconsolidation, as implied by its definition, is not a mere repetition of consolidation. We review seminal studies that uncovered specific mechanisms recruited during reconsolidation that are not always crucially involved in consolidation. We next address the physiological significance of reconsolidation since several lines of evidence support the idea that reconsolidation, as opposed to consolidation, may offer a unique opportunity to update memories. We finally discuss recent evidence for or against the potential that the process of memory reconsolidation offers for ongoing efforts to develop novel strategies to combat pathogenic memories.     

Dimebon enhances hippocampus-dependent learning in both appetitive and inhibitory memory tasks in mice

Pre-clinical and clinical studies on dimebon (dimebolin or latrepirdine) have demonstrated its use as a cognitive enhancer. Here, we show that dimebon administered to 3-month-old C57BL6N mice 15 min prior to training in both appetitive and inhibitory learning tasks via repeated (0.1 mg/kg) and acute (0.5 mg/kg) i.p. injections, respectively, increases memory scores. Acute treatment with dimebon was found to enhance inhibitory learning, as also shown in the step-down avoidance paradigm in 7-month-old mice. Bolus administration of dimebon did not affect the animals' locomotion, exploration or anxiety-like behaviour, with the exception of exploratory behaviour in older mice in the novel cage test. In a model of appetitive learning, a spatial version of the Y-maze, dimebon increased the rate of correct choices and decreased the latency of accessing a water reward after water deprivation, and increased the duration of drinking behaviour during training/testing procedures. Repeated treatment with dimebon did not alter the behaviours in other tests or water consumption. Acute treatment of water-deprived and non-water-deprived mice with dimebon also did not affect their water intake. Our data suggest that dimebon enhances hippocampus-dependent learning in both appetitive and inhibitory tasks in mice.     

鹿茸商品药材中磷脂类成分分析

目的 比较不同品种、规格鹿茸药材中2种磷脂类成分含有量,以评价鹿茸商品药材的质量.方法 采用Folch试剂超声提取、正相HPLC法,测定鹿茸商品药材中磷脂酰胆碱与鞘磷脂.结果 鹿茸商品药材中均含这2种磷脂组分,并均以磷脂酰胆碱量为高,不同品种、规格中的含有量均存在一定差异;与总磷脂量比较表明,鹿茸中尚有其他的磷脂类成分.结论 从磷脂类成分分析,梅花鹿茸较马鹿茸质佳;梅花鹿茸中蜡片的质量最好,马鹿茸中冻干粉的质量较优.     

水牛角不同相对分子质量酶解液的药理作用研究

目的：研究水牛角不同相对分子质量酶解液的药理作用。方法：通过观察小鼠对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的反应、对脂多糖引起死亡的抵抗及用药后小鼠凝血时间、自发活动和对抗感染的影响和作用,研究水牛角不同相对分子质量酶解液的药理作用。结果：与生理盐水（NS）对照组比较,相对分子质量〈3kD和10-30kD的酶解液有明显的镇静作用（P〈0．01）;相对分子质量〈3kD酶解液有显著的抵抗脂多糖引起的死亡作用（P〈0．05）;相对分子质量〉30kD酶解液有明显的止血作用（P〈0．01）;相对分子质量〉5但〈10kD酶解液有明显的抑制自发活动作用（P〈0．01）;相对分子质量〉5但〈10kD组和10～30kD组有明显的提高抗细菌感染作用（P〈0．01）。结论：水牛角不同相对分子质量酶解液。药理作用不同。     

正交实验优选水牛角酶解的提取工艺研究

目的：研究水牛角酶解的最佳提取工艺。方法：以蛋白质含量为指标,通过正交实验筛选水牛角的最佳酶解提取条件。结果：水牛角最佳酶解工艺为：胃蛋白酶,pH=2,加酶量700U／g,温度39℃,时间4h。结论：正交实验确定的条件可较好地应用于水牛角的酶解提取。     

Chronic hypobaric hypoxia induced apoptosis in CA1 region of hippocampus: a possible role of NMDAR mediated p75NTR upregulation

Hypobaric hypoxia has been implicated with neural degeneration and memory loss. Though there has been considerable knowledge on the role of the p75^NTR in triggering apoptosis, the occurrence of a similar mechanism in hypoxic stress still remains to be explored. We, in the present study, have tried to explore the role of p75^NTR in mediating apoptosis in hypobaric hypoxia. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to an altitude of 7,620 m for different durations. To study the contribution of apoptosis to hypobaric hypoxia induced cell death in the hippocampus, rat brains were examined for the occurrence of apoptosis by determining the number of cells showing DNA breaks using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and chromatin condensation using Hoechst staining along with estimation of caspase activity and expression of active Caspase 3. Expression of p75^NTR was studied to determine its possible role in triggering apoptosis in hypobaric hypoxia. Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia was found to progressively increase the number of TUNEL positive and Hoechst positive cells along with increase in caspase activity, thus suggesting apoptotic mode of cell death. p75^NTR was found to be upregulated on prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to the increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Further, reduced expression of p75^NTR expression by antisense nucleotide administration significantly decreased apoptosis in the CA1 region of hippocampus. Blocking of NMDA receptors by MK801 interestingly decreased p75^NTR expression and the number of TUNEL positive cells as compared to hypoxic animals. These findings suggest the regulation of p75^NTR by NMDA receptors and its role in inducing apoptosis in hypoxia.     

羚羊角注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

目的建立羚羊角注射液细菌内毒素检查的方法。方法按《中国药典》2005年版采用不同厂家生产的鲎试剂对本品进行细菌内毒素检查法的干扰试验。结果供试品1∶50稀释后,对细菌内毒素检查法无干扰作用。结论本品采用细菌内毒素检查法,方法可行。