卒中高危人群糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系研究

目的 分析卒中高危人群糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系。
方法 2018年5-6月由孝感市中心医院按整群随机抽样方法，随机抽取孝感市城乡各1个社区居民
进行筛查，通过问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检查、颈部血管超声检查筛选卒中高危人群纳入研究。
根据颈动脉超声检测结果将卒中高危人群分为非斑块组和斑块组（颈动脉）。分别采用单因素和多
因素Logistic回归，分析糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉斑块的关系，并根据年龄（60岁）、BM（I 24 kg/m2）、是
否有高血压对研究人群进行分层分析，研究不同特征的卒中高危人群中糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉斑块
的关系。
结果 最终纳入卒中高危人群629例，男性338例（53.74%），平均54.85±8.97岁，糖化血红蛋白平
均浓度为4.70%±1.02%。其中斑块组患者215例（34.18%），非斑块组患者414例（65.82%）。与非斑
块组患者相比，斑块组患者男性、卒中、TIA、高血压、超重患者比例更高，年龄更大，BMI、血压、空
腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TC水平更高（均P＜0.01）。校正其他危险因素后，糖化血红蛋白是颈动脉
粥样硬化斑块发生的独立影响因素（每升高1%，OR 1.16，95%CI 1.01～1.31，P =0.018）。分层分析显
示，年龄≥60岁（OR 1.48，95%CI 1.09～2.01，P =0.016）、BMI≥24 kg/m2（OR 1.97，95%CI 1.07～3.64，
P =0.030）、高血压人群（OR 1.31，95%CI 1.06～1.62，P =0.013）中糖化血红蛋白均是颈动脉斑块发生
的独立危险因素。
结论 卒中高危人群糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉斑块的发生密切相关，特别是在年龄≥6 0岁、
BMI≥24 kg/m2和高血压人群中。     

Verbal Working Memory and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: An fMRI study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intimal-medial thickening (IMT) of the carotid wall is an accepted peripheral marker of atherosclerosis. It is associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction and stroke, and lower attention-executive-psychomotor functioning. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IMT and brain activity during a verbal working memory (VWM) task in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: Thirteen CVD patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a 2-Back VWM task, and B-mode ultrasound of the carotid arteries. IMT was calculated using an automated algorithm based on a validated edge-detection technique. The relationship between IMT and 2-Back-related brain activity was modeled using partial correlations controlling for age and small vessel disease as measured by white matter signal hyperintensities on MRI (WMH). RESULTS: Higher IMT was associated with lower 2-Back-related signal intensity and in the right middle frontal gyrus, independent of age and WMH. CONCLUSIONS: IMT may be one mechanism contributing to brain dysfunction in CVD. The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast appears to be highly sensitive to peripheral vascular health as measured by IMT. Future studies should examine the sensitivity and specificity of the BOLD response for predicting cognitive decline in CVD.     

肝动脉解剖变异影像学研究

目的用数字减影血管造影(DSA)和CT血管造影(CTA)进一步探讨肝动脉解剖变异的种类、发生率及特点。方法回顾分析1000例因肝脏疾病而行DSA检查患者的临床资料、肝动脉的DSA,以及其中的32例肝动脉解剖变异的CTA表现。观察肝动脉的起源、走行、分布情况,并分别统计其变异类型和发生率。结果1000例肝动脉造影中,正常型727例,占72.7%;肝动脉变异273例,占27.3%。273例肝动脉变异中属于Michels分型的148例,占14.8%。Michels分型未包括在内者为125例,占12.5%。其中肝总动脉分叉变异54例,占5.4%,肝动脉起源变异214例,占21.4%,肝总动脉分叉 肝动脉起源变异5例,占0.5%。以上变异合并多种变异共存21例,占2.1%。结论肝动脉解剖变异的种类具有多样性、复杂性。除DSA外,CTA亦可显示肝动脉解剖变异。肝胆外科和影像科医师了解肝动脉解剖变异对于术前制定手术方案、提高诊断准确性等有重要意义。     

咯血患者支气管动脉栓塞治疗后复发原因分析

目的:探讨咯血患者支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)术后咯血复发的原因及预防措施.方法:632例咯血患者接受支气管动脉栓塞术,进行分阶段疗效追踪,全部病例随访12～14个月,复发病例通过再次手术,确定咯血的复发原因.结果:632例中有114例咯血复发,复发的原因主要有病变血管漏栓(3例)、肺循环供血(2例)、病变血管再通(32例)、侧支循环形成(55例)和原发病进展(54例).采用合理的栓塞技术和栓塞物质组合联合栓塞,寻找所有可能对病变区域供血的血管(支气管动脉、肋间动脉、胸廓内动脉、食管固有动脉、膈动脉等)并予以栓塞,并积极的治疗原发病是预防咯血复发的主要措施.结论:充分认识患者支气管动脉栓塞术后咯血原因对降低复发率有重要的意义.     

Coronary computed tomography angiography: principles of contrast material administration

A conceptual framework to approach the application of contrast media in computed tomography angiography (CTA) is discussed. With an adequate conceptual framework, the physician or technologist should be able to modify or create CTA protocols to address specific clinical and patient circumstances. The focus of this review is coronary CTA, but the basic principles are applicable to CTA in any arterial system.     

Percutaneous angioplasty of carotid artery stenoses

Summary Percutaneous angioplasty is a well-established method of treating arterial stenoses and occlusions in various regions. In the carotid area this technique is still under discussion. The successful application of angioplasty in eight patients with carotid artery stenoses is reported.Adapted from a paper presented at XII European Congress for Neuroradiology in Prague, 27–29 September, 1984     

Techniques for high-resolution MR imaging of atherosclerotic plaque

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the United States. Investigation of atherosclerotic plaque morphology and composition is important because the findings may be useful in predicting prognosis or response to therapy. This study presents high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques developed on a 1.5-T whole-body imager with a custom-built surface coil, for characterizing the composition and morphology of plaque removed at carotid endarterectomy. The initial comparison of MR imaging and histologic results showed good correlation. In conjunction with MR angiography, these techniques could be used in in vivo imaging to define the size, location, and contents of atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid bifurcation.     

年轻人冠状动脉壁平滑肌细胞的表型变化及其与巨噬细胞的关系——免疫组织化学研究

选用年轻人冠状动脉材料，免疫组织化学方法，观察了弥漫性内膜增厚、脂纹、动脉粥样硬化斑块中平滑肌细胞的免疫表型变化，并将这些变化同巨噬细胞进行了联系。结果表明，凡是有巨噬细胞浸润之处，不管何种病变，该处的平滑肌细胞便失去了相应抗体的反应性，但仍能被抗间叶细胞抗体所标记，提示平滑肌细胞已经发生表型转变。这一现象说明巨噬细胞在平滑肌细胞表型转变过程中起重要作用，有助于人们对动脉粥样硬化病变、冠脉成形术后再狭窄病变发生过程的认识。     

瑞芬太尼对人肠系膜小动脉平滑肌细胞L-型钙通道电流的影响

目的观察瑞芬太尼对人肠系膜小动脉平滑肌细胞(MASMCs)L-型钙通道电流的影响,探讨其扩张血管的机制。方法酶解法分离人肠系膜小动脉单个平滑肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术,以钡电流作为载流子,观察19.4nmol／L瑞芬太尼在不同钳制电压下以及不同浓度瑞芬太尼在最大激活电压下对MASMCs L-型钡电流(TBa-L)的影响。结果19．4 nmol／L瑞芬太尼可抑制TBa-L,使电流密度-电压曲线上移,最大激活电压及翻转电压均向膜的负电位方向移动(P<0．01)。瑞芬太尼浓度依赖性地抑制TBa-L,其半数最大抑制效应的浓度为(39±4)nmol／L。结论瑞芬太尼浓度依赖性地抑制人肠系膜小动脉平滑肌细胞L-型钙通道,从而产生扩张血管的作用。     

Renal vein renin analysis: Limitations of its use in predicting benefit from percutaneous angioplasty

Two hundred forty-four consecutive patients (mean age 61 years), including 123 who had technically valid renal vein renin (RVR) analysis and 121 without RVR data, underwent technically successful percutaneous renal artery angioplasty (PTRA). They were retrospectively examined to evaluate the utility of RVR analysis in identifying renal hypertension (RVH), predicting benefit from PTRA, and determining if the lack of knowledge of renin levels significantly affected clinical outcome after PTRA. Abnormal RVR values were associated with clinical benefit after PTRA in 62 of 93 patients (67% sensitivity, 20% specificity, 72% positive predictive value). Clinical improvement following PTRA occurred in 31 of 37 patients with normal pre-PTRA RVR values (16% negative predictive value). RVR analysis correctly identified 86 of 117 patients with renovascular hypertension (74% sensitivity, 16% negative predictive value). Improved blood pressure (BP) control occurred in 72% with abnormal RVR analysis and 66% of the 121 patients without RVR data (p>0.1). We conclude that the very low negative predictive value significantly limited the use of RVR analysis in this elderly (mean age 60 years) patient population with a high incidence of mild renal functional impairment (mean serum creatinine 1.4 mg/dl) and bilateral renal artery stenosis (38%). The lack of pre-PTRA renin data did not significantly affect clinical outcome. If RVR data were relied upon as the exclusive selection criterion in patients of this type, many would be prevented from having the benefit of cure or improvement by PTRA.