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61.
目的回顾分析颈动脉内膜剥脱(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)及颈动脉支架(carotid artery stenting,CAS)治疗颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的近期和中期临床效果。方法比较北京协和医院血管外科2010年1月-2014年12月行CEA及CAS患者的临床资料,分析两种术式的安全性及1年内出现再狭窄及再发卒中的情况。结果研究期间共收治颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者572例,其中456例行CEA,116例行CAS。两组患者术前一般资料、临床症状、伴随疾病等因素均无显著性差异。CEA组和CAS组手术相关死亡(0.2%vs 0)、术后30 d内缺血性卒中(1.1%vs 1.7%)、急性心肌梗死(0.7%vs 1.7%)、局部血肿(0.4%vs 0.8%)、植入物感染(0.4%vs 0)、颅外神经损伤(1.1%vs 0)、过度灌注发生率(5.7%vs 3.4%)均无显著差异。CAS组术后持续低血压发生率显著高于CEA组(12.9%vs 1.1%,P0.01)。1年随访结果显示,CAS组出现治疗侧颈动脉再狭窄(﹥50%)显著高于CEA组(6.9%vs 2.6%,P=0.026),但两组术后重度狭窄(﹥70%)(2.5%vs 1.1%)及同侧卒中发生率(0.9%vs 0.4%)上没有显著性差异。结论 CEA和CAS都是治疗颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄安全有效的措施,但CAS组术后持续低血压及治疗侧颈动脉1年再狭窄发生率高于CEA组。 相似文献
62.
目的:探讨原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与中医辨证分型的关系。方法:用高频(11.4 MHz)彩色多普勒超声检测了130例原发性高血压及心脑血管并发症患者的颈动脉,与37例非高血压心脑血管病患者作对照。结果:高血压各组颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块检出率均高于对照组,以合并脑血管疾病组内中膜厚度高于单纯高血压组。高血压中医证型之间比较,以痰湿壅盛型内中膜厚度明显高于其他证型,斑块检出率以阴虚阳亢和痰湿壅盛型明显高于其他证型。结论:高血压是引起颈动脉内中膜厚度增加的重要因素。颈动脉粥样硬化程度可作为预测心脑血管病存在的参考指标。动脉硬化的病因病机与痰、瘀密切相关。 相似文献
63.
Priv.-Doz. Dr. P. E. Lange J. H. Nürnberg H. H. Sievers D. G. W. Onnasch A. Bernhard P. H. Heintzen 《Basic research in cardiology》1985,80(4):436-444
Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the speed and duration of progressive pressure loading of the right ventricle to systemic pressure levels, which allows right ventricular adaptation without myocardial impairment at rest.In 8 pigs with an average weight of 22 kg progressive right ventricular pressure loading of different speeds and durations was induced with a newly developed constrictor. Pressures in the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery as well as angiocardiographic volume parameters of the right ventricle were determined weekly over a period of 4 to 7 weeks. A fast progressive right ventricular pressure increase of 3.4 mm Hg/day during 3 weeks was associated with a 20–30% reduction of ejection fraction and a 100% increase of the end-systolic volume. Increase of end-diastolic pressure was 3 to 5 fold. A slow progressive pressure increase of 1.5 to 2.2 mm Hg/day to 100 mm Hg within 4 to 5 weeks was associated with an increase of the end-diastolic pressure to a level observed in systemic ventricles, while change of ejection fraction and end-systolic volume was minimal. The faster the increase of right ventricular pressure the flatter was the peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume relationship.It is concluded that in contrast to sudden and fast progressive increase of afterload slow progressive increase of afterload to systemic levels does not impair right ventricular myocardial function.This study was supported by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-grant HE 769/6-2 相似文献
64.
Chun Yuan Jay S. Tsuruda Kirk N. Beach Cecil E. Hayes Marina S. Ferguson Charles E. Alpers Thomas K. Foo D. Eugene Strandness 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1994,4(1):43-49
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the United States. Investigation of atherosclerotic plaque morphology and composition is important because the findings may be useful in predicting prognosis or response to therapy. This study presents high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques developed on a 1.5-T whole-body imager with a custom-built surface coil, for characterizing the composition and morphology of plaque removed at carotid endarterectomy. The initial comparison of MR imaging and histologic results showed good correlation. In conjunction with MR angiography, these techniques could be used in in vivo imaging to define the size, location, and contents of atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid bifurcation. 相似文献
65.
Elie Mousseaux Iiana Idy-Peretti Jacques Bittoun Odile Jolivet Eric Bourroul Anne Tardivon Pierre Pronneau Jean-Claude Gaux 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1994,4(5):719-724
Magnetic resonance imaging maps of velocity were acquired with a 1.5-T system in 10 subjects in a plane perpendicular to the main pulmonary artery. Velocity images were successively acquired with a method developed from Fourier-encoding velocity imaging (FEVI) principles with eight gradient steps and one excitation, and with two-point phase-subtraction mapping. Reconstruction in FEVI was implemented by zero-filling interpolation around the eight gradient steps and then around the four central steps. The methods were compared by using estimates of noise in velocity measurements based on the difference between the experimental map and a smooth fitted map. For the same acquisition time, FEVI with four encoding steps was more precise in velocity measurements than phase mapping. Precision was further increased by the use of eight encoding steps, but acquisition time was doubled. 相似文献
66.
Wallerstedt SM Reinstrup P Uski T Bodelsson M 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1999,43(10):1065-1068
BACKGROUND: The intravenous anaesthetic propofol has been reported to increase cerebral vascular resistance in vivo. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, but may include effects on metabolism and direct effects on the vascular smooth muscle. The present study was designed to evaluate the direct effects of propofol on human pial arteries. METHODS: We investigated the direct effect of propofol (10(-6)-10(-4) M) on isolated human pial arteries at basal tension as well as the influence on contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin F2alpha, noradrenaline and potassium chloride. RESULTS: Propofol did not change the basal tension. Propofol at 10(-6) and 10(-5) M did not affect the concentration-response curves of any of the contractile agents tested. Propofol at the supraclinical concentration 10(-4) M reduced the contractions induced by all contractile agents. CONCLUSION: Propofol reduces the tone of human pial arteries in vitro at supraclinical concentrations, but has no effect on the tone at clinically relevant concentrations. 相似文献
67.
Aortopulmonary collateral arteries sometimes complicate cyanotic congenital heart defects. Combined with a relevant left-right shunt, this could result in massive airway bleeding during and after corrective surgery. A preoperatively diagnosed 1.2 mm small aortopulmonary collateral artery in a newborn suffering from transposition of the great arteries caused life-threatening airway bleeding during surgery. Postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was necessary, and coil embolization was performed on ECMO to terminate pulmonary bleeding. 相似文献
68.
目的应用128层螺旋cT血管造影研究支气管动脉(BA)的三维解剖特征及其临床应用意义。方法对79例患者行胸部增强扫描,至少1支BA清晰显示病例,采用容积再现(VR)、薄层VR、多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、薄层MIP等后处理技术,通过薄层轴位图像及重建图像观察和分析BA的相关三维解剖学特征。结果79例患者中,BA共清晰显示189支,其中右侧99支,左侧90支;较为常见的是R,L,(59.4%,47/79),R2L1(17.7%,14/79);右BA主要起源于右肋间后动脉(80.O%,79/99)和胸主动脉(18.0%,18/99)。开口位于胸主动脉的右侧壁,右前侧壁及前壁,左BA主要起源于胸主动脉(92.O%,83/90),开口位丁胸主动脉的前壁及前侧壁,BA左右共干起源的24支,开口于胸主动脉前壁,异位起源的9支(0.05%,9/189)。结论128层螺旋cT血管造影可清晰显示BA,有效评价BA的三维影像解剖特征,为临床诊断及治疗提供清晰的BA三维解剖资料。 相似文献
69.
《中国医学影像学杂志》1996,(4)
本文报道了应用脉冲多普勒超声技术,对1000名健康人的颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈外动脉及椎动脉的血管形态、血流参数及血流频谱特点进行检测研究,阐述了健康人颈动脉血流频谱形成机理。发现收缩期最大血流速度以颈总动脉最快,舒张期最小血流速度以颈内动脉最快,PI及RI以颈外动脉最高,为颈动脉的超声检查提供了诊断依据。 相似文献
70.
目的:周围性舌下神经麻痹的临床诊治率较低,相当一部分患者未能得到及时而正确的康复治疗。本文旨在报道颈动脉内膜剥脱术致周围性舌下神经麻痹的综合康复治疗方法及临床疗效。方法:2016年3月1日,天津医科大学总医院康复医学科收入1例颈动脉内膜剥脱术致周围性舌下神经麻痹患者,对该患者进行包括舌肌运动训练、神经肌肉电刺激疗法和远红外线治疗在内的为期15 d的综合康复治疗及口服神经营养药物治疗。回顾性分析诊治过程,并对相关文献进行复习。结果:接受综合康复治疗15 d后,舌肌较治疗前灵活,构音较治疗前清晰,吞咽时对食团的控制能力和搅拌能力均得到改善;伸舌虽然仍略向右偏斜,但舌正中沟与正中线的夹角较治疗前减少17.5°;右侧舌体表面皱褶减少,舌体饱满红润;舌尖向上可触及上嘴唇;向左舔嘴角时费力程度减轻;向右伸舌时颈部肌肉张力明显降低;向口腔内部卷曲舌尖可触及软腭边缘。康复治疗效果令人满意。结论:周围性舌下神经麻痹的康复治疗方法鲜见报道。在口服神经营养药物的基础上,同时应用舌肌运动训练、神经肌肉电刺激疗法和远红外线治疗在内的康复治疗方法,可以有效地改善患者的舌肌运动功能和舌肌萎缩程度,成为改善周围性舌下神经麻痹的安全而有效的康复治疗方法。 相似文献