探索血清标本溶血对部分生化检验结果的影响

目的探索血清标本溶血对部分生化检验结果的影响。方法随机选取50例正常健康人群,提取人群血液作为标本,测定溶血前后总蛋白(TP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、清蛋白(ALB)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)以及三酰甘油(TG)的变化,分析其差异。结果采血器械质量差以及采血方法不规范是造成标本溶血的主要原因。溶血后AST、ALT、LDH、TP、CK、γ-GT较溶血前升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TBIL、DBIL、TC、TG、ALB、HDL、LDL较溶血前变化不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论标本溶血对于血清AST、ALT、CK、TP、γ-GT、LDH会有干扰作用,在分析测定结果时需要注意标本是否溶血。     

Epigenetic Role of Histone 3 Lysine Methyltransferase and Demethylase in Regulating Apoptosis Predicting the Recurrence of Atypical Meningioma

Alteration of apoptosis is related with progression and recurrence of atypical meningiomas (AMs). However, no comprehensive study has been conducted regarding histone modification regulating apoptosis in AMs. This study aimed to determine the prognostic values of certain apoptosis-associated factors, and examine the role of histone modification on apoptosis in AMs. The medical records of 67 patients with AMs, as diagnosed during recent 13 yr, were reviewed retrospectively. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on archived paraffin-embedded tissues for pro-apoptotic factors (CASP3, IGFBP, TRAIL-R1, BAX, and XAF1), anti-apoptotic factors (survivin, ERK, RAF1, MDM2, and BCL2), and the histone modifying enzymes (MLL2, RIZ, EZH1, NSD2, KDM5c, JMJD2a, UTX, and JMJD5). Twenty-six (38.8%) patients recurred during the follow-up period (mean duration 47.7 months). In terms of time-to-recurrence (TTR), overexpression of CASP3, TRAIL-R1, and BAX had a longer TTR than low expression, and overexpression of survivin, MDM2, and BCL2 had a shorter TTR than low expression (P<0.05). Additionally, overexpression of MLL2, UTX, and JMJ5 had shorter TTRs than low expression, and overexpression of KDM5c had a longer TTR than low expression. However, in the multi-variate analysis of predicting factors for recurrence, low expression of CASP3 (P<0.001), and BAX (P<0.001), and overexpression of survivin (P=0.007), and MDM2 (P=0.037) were associated with recurrence independently, but any enzymes modifying histone were not associated with recurrence. Conclusively, this study suggests certain apoptosis-associated factors should be associated with recurrence of AMs, which may be regulated epigenetically by histone modifying enzymes.

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脂肪肝患者血脂及肝功能生化指标变化分析

目的：观察脂肪肝患者血脂及肝功能生化指标变化情况。方法选择收治的80例脂肪肝患者为研究对象,选择同期入院行健康体检者40例为对照组。比较2组血脂及肝功能指标变化情况。结果观察组甘油三酯（2.61±1.21）mmol/L,总胆固醇(6.23±0.51)mmol/L含量显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组HDL-C（1.06±0.42）mmol/L与对照组(1.24±0.41)mmol/L相比,差异无统计学意义。观察组AST（81.7±10.8）U/L、ALT（52.8±10.5）U/L、GGT（57.1±7.4）U/L显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论脂肪肝的形成与脂肪代谢障碍有关,对脂肪肝患者进行肝功能、血脂检测利于早期诊断及防治脂肪肝。     

Progression from biochemical leak to pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy. Don't cry over spilt amylase

BackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a frequent complication after distal pancreatectomy (DP), but its upgrading from biochemical leak (BL) still represents an unexplored phenomenon. This study aims at identifying risk factors of the clinical evolution from BL to grade-B POPF after DP.MethodsPatients who underwent DP between 2015 and 2019 and who developed either BL (n = 89,56%) or BL upgraded to late B fistula (LB) after postoperative day 5 (n = 71,44%) were included. Preoperative, surgical, postoperative predictors were compared between the two groups.ResultsPatients with LB were significantly older (61 vs 56 years, P < 0.025) and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy more frequently (22.5% vs 8.5%,P = 0.017). Extended lymphadenectomy (52.8% vs 31.0%,P = 0.006), longer operative times (OT) (307 vs 250 min,P = 0.002), greater estimated blood loss (250 vs 150 ml, P = 0.021), and the appearance of purulent fluid in surgical drains (58.4% vs 21.1%; P < 0.001) were more frequently observed in LB group. Only purulent fluid in surgical drains and longer OT were confirmed as independent predictors of BL clinical progression.ConclusionsPurulent fluid from surgical drains should be suspicious of BL upgrading. Frail patients undergoing longer interventions may represent key targets of mitigation strategies to minimize the magnitude of an incipient fistula and its increase in morbidity.     

The impact of antiviral therapy for HCV on kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundControversy persists about the role of hepatitis C as a risk factor for developing kidney disease in the general population. Some authors have evaluated the effect of antiviral therapy for HCV on the risk of kidney disease.Study Aims and DesignA systematic review of the published medical literature was performed to assess whether antiviral therapy for HCV has an independent impact on kidney survival in the adult general population. A random effects model was used to generate an overall estimate of the risk of kidney disease after anti-HCV therapy across the published studies. Meta-regression and stratified analysis were also carried out.ResultsFifteen studies were eligible (n = 356, 285 patients) and separate meta-analyses were conducted according to the outcome. Pooling studies based on viral responses (n = 7; 34,763 individual patients) demonstrated a relationship between sustained viral response and lower frequency of kidney disease; the overall estimate for adjusted risk of kidney disease was 2.50 (95% CI, 1.41; 4.41) (p = 0.0016) and between-study heterogeneity was found (p-value by Q test = 0.004). Aggregation of studies comparing treated vs untreated cohorts (n = 8, n = 333,312 patients) revealed an association between anti-HCV therapy and lower risk of kidney disease. The overall estimate for adjusted risk of kidney disease across the eight studies was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.25; 0.612) (p = 0.0001). Meta-regression showed that the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in reducing the frequency of kidney disease diminishes as cirrhosis (p = 0.02) and HBV infection (p = 0.0001) increase among HCV-infected individuals.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy for HCV lowers the risk of kidney disease among HCV-infected individuals. Studies to understand the mechanisms underlying this association are ongoing.     

类风湿关节炎患者丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物水平分析

目的分析类风湿关节炎患者丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物及血脂水平,探讨其与心血管病高发生率的关系。方法选择类风湿关节炎患者55例,其中合并心血管疾病患者(并发症组)13例,单纯类风湿关节炎患者(单纯组)42例;正常对照组60例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验分别测定血浆丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物水平,同时对受检者血脂和炎症指标进行检测。结果两组类风湿关节炎患者除载脂蛋白B高于对照组外(P<0.05),其它脂质和载脂蛋白水平无明显改变;并发症组与单纯组间脂质和载脂蛋白水平相似。并发症和单纯组血浆丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白(分别为187.81±90.89和102.01±57.73mg/L)和低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物水平(分别为2.58±1.69和1.87±0.74AU)均明显高于对照组(分别为32.65±27.00mg/L和1.21±0.38AU,P<0.01),且并发症组高于单纯组(P<0.01或0.05)。低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物与C反应蛋白正相关(r=0.301,P=0.026),丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白与血沉趋于相关(r=0.263,P=0.057)。结论类风湿关节炎患者丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物水平显著升高,参与动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展过程。     

Antibiotic strategy after the empiric phase in patients treated for a hematological malignancy

 Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy has become a generally accepted strategy in the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Particularly in patients with prolonged neutropenia, subsequent adaptation of such a regimen will be the rule rather than exception. Since there are no uniformly accepted guidelines for the modification of antibiotic therapy during the post-empiric phase, we assessed the impact of a set of rules that evolved during the first randomized trials. Evaluation of the clinician's compliance with these rules in 1951 febrile neutropenic episodes was the subject of the present analysis. Treatment was modified in 761 (39%) cases, and these changes were made according to the rules in 76%. For 75% of the alterations in treatment during the evening and night shifts, no reasonable explanation was established, while 93% of the modifications during the normal working hours were made for objective reasons. The empiric regimen was more frequently changed in patients with a clinical focus of infection at the onset of fever than in patients who showed fever as the only symptom of a possible infection. The perceived need for modification amounted to 69% in pulmonary infections, to 51% in skin and soft-tissue infections, to 44% in patients with abdominal complaints, and to 37% in upper respiratory tract infections. Glycopeptides constituted 22% of modifications, particularly in patients with a central venous catheter, and systemically active antifungals were administered in 16% of cases. Especially inexperienced clinicians tend to adjust antibiotic therapy, in spite of the fact that persistence of fever alone seldom reflects inadequate treatment when the clinical condition of the patient is stable or improving. On the other hand, the development of subsequent infectious events emphasizes that a genuine need for modification does frequently exist. Received: 4 December 1995 / Accepted: 7 December 1995     

生化检验在糖尿病中的诊断价值分析

目的探究生化检验在糖尿病中的诊断价值。方法选取100例糖尿病患者作为观察组,另选取同期100例体检健康者作为对照组。检查两组生化检验指标(空腹血糖、甘油三酯、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白)水平。结果观察组的空腹血糖为(7.1±0.5)mmol/L、甘油三酯为(1.84±0.12)mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖为(8.2±0.6)mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白为(8.2±0.6)%,均高于对照组的(4.7±0.6)mmol/L、(1.38±0.11)mmol/L、(6.8±0.5)mmol/L、(5.8±0.3)%,差异具有统计学意义(t=30.729、28.258、17.925、35.777,P<0.05)。结论糖尿病患者的生化检验指标与普通健康人群具有明显的差异,可以作为临床诊断糖尿病的依据,并且也可以通过生化检验的结果来了解患者病情的发展情况,有益于治疗工作的开展,值得推广。     

Biochemistry tests in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Experience from a Canadian tertiary care centre

BackgroundCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has variable clinical presentation, from asymptomatic to severe disease leading to death. Biochemical markers may help with management and prognostication of COVID-19 patients; however, their utility is still under investigation.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to evaluate alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate, and high sensitivity troponin T (TnT) levels in 67 patients who were admitted to a Canadian tertiary care centre for management of COVID-19. Logistic, cause-specific Cox proportional-hazards, and accelerated failure time regression modelling were performed to assess the associations of initial analyte concentrations with in-hospital death and length of stay in hospital; joint modelling was performed to assess the associations of the concentrations over the course of the hospital stay with in-hospital death.ResultsInitial TnT and CRP concentrations were associated with length of stay in hospital. Eighteen patients died (27%), and the median initial TnT concentration was higher in patients who died (55 ng/L) than those who lived (16 ng/L; P < 0.0001). There were no survivors with an initial TnT concentration > 64 ng/L. While the initial TnT concentration was predictive of death, later measurements were not. Only CRP had prognostic value with both the initial and subsequent measurements: a 20% increase in the initial CRP concentration was associated with a 14% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1–29%) increase in the odds of death, and the hazard of death increased 14% (95% CI: 5–25%) for each 20% increase in the current CRP value. While the initial lactate concentration was not predictive of death, subsequent measurements were.ConclusionCRP, lactate and TnT were associated with poorer outcomes and appear to be useful biochemical markers for monitoring COVID-19 patients.