ALCOHOL AND DRUG WEBLIOGRAPHY

Using data for an ongoing study of fatalities associated with cocaine use in Dade County Florida, USA, temporal trends are described and risk factors are examined for fatal overdose with case-control analysis for the years 1978-1985. While the number of deaths from accidental cocaine toxicity (ACTDs) rose consistently, median annual concentrations of cocaine in autopsy blood did not. When 125 ACTDs were compared with a control group, the following risk factors were identified: fresh injection sites, arteriosclerosis, and ventricular hypertrophy.     

Impaired Bioavailability of Interferon Beta-1a when Administered Intramuscularly by Needle-Free Injection

Abstract

Intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) drug administration of small molecules and protein has been demonstrated by use of needle-free jet injection methods. One device that achieves needle-free parenteral administration, BIOJECTORr`, is commercially available and was evaluated for IM delivery of interferon beta-1a. Recombinant human interferon beta-1a (IFN β-1a) is a glycosylated protein containing 166 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 22.5 kDa. Needle-free jet injection of IFN β-1a with the BIOJECTORr` was assessed in a human Phase I trial. The study was a randomized, open-label crossover in which 12 healthy subjects each received 60 μ of IFN β-1a as an IM injection by standard needle administration and by needle-free jet injection. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (serum activity, PK) and pharmacodynamic (serum neopterin, PD) determinations were collected through 144 hours post-dose. Mean serum antiviral activity AUC values for needle-free and standard needle injection were 218 and 531 U x h/ml, respectively; corresponding C^max values were 19.7 and 29.0 U/ml. Median T_max following both treatments was 12 hours. The relative bioavailability of IFN β-1a, needle-free to standard needle injection, was 41.1% with 90% confidence limits of 24.4% to 69.3%. Mean serum neopterin EAUC values for needle-free and standard needle injection were 114 and 325 ng x h/mL, respectively; corresponding E_max values were 2.3 and 5.6 ng/mL. The ratio of serum neopterin E_AUC, needle-free to standard needle, was 34.9% with 90% confidence limits of 23.4% to 52.1%. Injection site reactions were substantially more frequent following needle-free injection; however, systemic side effects were less frequent. Intramuscular needle-free jet injection and needle-based injection of a 22.5-kDa glycoprotein do not produce equivalent systemic PK or PD responses.     

应用舒适护理模式合理选择肝癌介入术后镇痛药注射时间

联合微创介入手术治疗——肝动脉化疗栓塞术（transarterial chemoembolization TACE）联合射频消融（radiofrequency ablationRFA）发挥了1＋1〉2的治疗效果，是目前治疗肝癌的主要方法之一。TACE后患者常出现疼痛，但在24h内均可缓解，严重的疼痛可引起患者烦躁、焦虑、食欲不振、入睡困难等不适。     

Meta-Analysis: Therapeutic Effect of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Combined With Compound Kushen Injection in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is Sophora Flavescens and Heterosmilacis Japonicae extract. Meta-analysis confirmed that CKI plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is more superior to TACE alone for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (UHCC) patients.     

肌源干细胞治疗女性压力性尿失禁研究进展

压力性尿失禁(SUI)的治疗方法包括手术与非手术治疗,其中注射疗法以其简便、安全、微创而广受欢迎,但由于注射材料的局限,该疗法近期效果好,远期效果较差。肌源干细胞作为多能干细胞,不仅具有多向分化潜能,且具低免疫原性、无变应原性,能诱导分化成肌而具收缩性,是理想的注射材料,对它们的研究和发现为注射治疗SUI提供了广阔的应用前景。     

热毒宁注射液治疗50例小儿病毒性肠炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨热毒宁注射液治疗小儿病毒性肠炎的临床疗效与安全性。方法将100例患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组静脉点滴病毒唑,观察组静脉点滴热毒宁注射液,均治疗3 d;比较2组治疗后的临床疗效、止泻时间、退热时间、治愈时间的差异。结果观察组总有效率、止泻时间、退热时间、治愈时间均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论热毒宁治疗病毒性肠炎患儿能有效改善发热、腹泻的症状,提高治疗效果,缩短治疗疗程,值得临床推广使用。     

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with HIV Infection Among Men Having Sex with Men in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

To learn more about risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam and their prevalence of HIV, we conducted a study among MSM in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to determine HIV-1 prevalence and behaviors associated with infection. This consisted of formative (35 MSM) and cross-sectional (600 MSM) studies at 72 sites, including 75 transvestites, 55 bisexuals, 10 sex workers, and 460 other MSM. Only 5.3% cohabited with a wife/girlfriend, but 30% reported ever having sex with a female. Prevalence of HIV was 8%, ranging from 33% in sex workers to 7% among transvestites and other MSM. Injecting drugs, selling sex, being 20–40 years old, having less than 6 years of education, and having more than five male anal sex partners in the past month were associated with being HIV-infected. MSM are an HIV bridge group, and should be included in sentinel surveillance. Targeted interventions should be implemented.     

穴位注射、针刺结合康复训练对痉挛型小儿脑瘫的临床观察

目的：观察研究穴位注射、针刺结合康复训练对痉挛型小儿脑瘫的临床效果。方法选取2009年7月—2013年7月该院收治并确诊的84例痉挛性小儿脑瘫患儿作为研究对象,并随机分为观察组和对照组各42例。对照组患儿进行传统康复训练,观察组患儿在对照组基础上结合穴位注射、针刺治疗,6个月后比较临床疗效。结果观察组患儿总有效率为92.86%,明显高于对照组的57.14%的有效率,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患儿治疗后的关节活动度、痉挛程度、以及步行能力相对于对照组均有显著疗效（P＜0.05）。结论穴位注射、针刺结合康复训练能有效改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿关节活动度、减少患儿痉挛发作,且增强患儿的步行能力,疗效显著。     

注射用红花黄色素治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床研究

目的：研究应用注射用红花黄色素在治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤方面的临床效果。方法将80例烧伤总面积约30%TBSA的深Ⅱ度烧伤患者,随机分两组,对照组常规治疗;观察组在常规治疗基础上+注射用红花黄色素。对二组患者创面消肿时间、治疗14 d后创面愈合率、创面痊愈时间等指标做统计对比。结果观察组消肿时间比对照组缩短1.65 d,观察组痊愈时间比对照组5.34 d,观察组14 d后创面愈合率比对照组22.18%,结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论注射用红花黄色素能明显促进深Ⅱ度烧伤患者创面的消肿,加快愈合,改善创面愈合质量,减轻瘢痕形成,值得临床推广应用。     

碘[131I]美妥昔单抗注射液与肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的对比研究

目的 对比分析碘[131I]美妥昔单抗注射液与肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer,PLC)的临床疗效.方法 根据治疗方法的不同将PLC患者分为TACE组(n=31)和碘[131I]美妥昔单抗组(n=32).TACE组行TACE治疗,碘[131I]美妥昔单抗组经肝动脉途径灌注碘[131I]美妥昔单抗注射液,治疗3个月后对两组甲胎蛋白(AFP)转阴率、肿瘤缩小率及生存期进行比较,并观察不良反应发生情况,随访至2015年8月.结果 治疗3个月后,碘[131I]美妥昔单抗组AFP转阴率及肿瘤缩小率略高于TACE组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗期间两组均无明显不良反应;截止到随访结束,TACE组生存率为19.4％(6/31),碘[131I]美妥昔单抗组为43.8％ (14/32),碘[131I]美妥昔单抗组生存率高于TACE组,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于PLC的治疗,碘[131I]美妥昔单抗注射液在提高AFP转阴率、肿瘤缩小率及生存率方面优于TACE.