液中干燥法制备羟甲酰胺微囊及其缓释性研究

目的研究用液中干燥法制备的羟甲酰胺微囊的性质.方法正交实验设计优选制备工艺,光学显微镜观察其形态大小分布等,以体外溶出试验研究其缓释性.结果所得微囊粒径在100～800μm,载药量为53.8%,8h释放百分率为85%.结论液中干燥法制备的羟甲酰胺微囊有良好的开发应用前景.     

苦参碱的镇痛作用部位及机制研究

目的:研究苦参碱的镇痛作用部位及机制.方法:采用小鼠醋酸扭体法,观察用后扭体反应数,舔小足潜期及组织NO含量的变化.结果:苦参碱侧脑室注射(icv)0.25,0.5nm/kg,ip或iv3.75,7.5,15,30mg/kg均可显著减少小鼠扭体反应数,并呈量效关系;ip与iv同等剂量的苦参碱,对小扭体反应的抑制欧以iv为强,给药后各时段的ip抗扭体半数有数量(ED50)均大于iv抗扭体ED50,ip苦参碱7.5,30mg/kg可显著降低醋酸致痛小鼠脑组织NO含量,进一步研究发现苦碱延长小鼠舔小足潜伏期的作用可被沦钙所拮抗,而被维拉帕米所增强.结论:苦参碱的镇痛作用部位在中枢,其镇痛作用可能与影响Ｃa^2 内流和减少ＮＯ生成有关.     

葛根异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨矿密度和骨强度的影响

目的：研究葛根总异黄酮（TIP）对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松症的防治作用。方法：10月龄SD大鼠,手术切除双侧卵巢后7d,每天igTIP100和20mg/kg,并设假手术组（Sham)、模型对照组（OVX）和尼理论联系实际是性组（E3）,在给药4和7个月时,测定大鼠全身骨矿总量（BMC）和骨矿密度（BMD）及骨生物力学强度等。结果（1）和OVX组相比,TIP大剂量组在给药4个月时BMC和BMD分别提高14．6％和12．1％,7个月时分离提高6．8％和14．2％;小剂量组4个月时分别提高7．8％和6．9％,7个月时分离提高8．65和14．95。（2）TIP大、小剂量组股骨相对体积质量分别提高3．8％和3．4％;胫骨相对休整质量提高6．8％和6．3％,股骨Ca盐密度均提高15％以上。（3）TIP大、小剂量组股骨最大负荷分别提高16．1％和9．1％;结构强度分别提高19．4％和12．5％,（4）TIP使大鼠子宫重量明显增加。结论TIP对去卵巢引起的大鼠骨质疏松症具有明显的防治作用,这种作用可能和它的弱雌激素样活性有关。     

黄连素对灌流心脏发生心衰的保护作用

目的　探讨黄连素对心脏衰竭的发生有无保护作用。方法　采用 L angendorff法灌流离体心脏 ,用维那帕米造成急性心衰 ;比较用黄连素和不用黄连素的心脏心衰程度的差异。结果　用黄连素 (10 - 6 mol/ L)灌流心脏后再用维那帕米致衰 ,此时心衰发生的程度明显轻于未用黄连素组 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　黄连素对心力衰竭的发生具有保护作用     

葛根芩连汤及其合方治疗急性胃肠炎研究进展

急性胃肠炎指胃肠黏膜急性炎症,多表现为腹泻、腹痛、呕吐、发热等,甚者可出现脱水、电解质紊乱、休克等,危及生命。其发病机制尚不完全清楚,认为可能与感染、炎症、肠道菌群、黏膜屏障、免疫功能等有关。现代医学治疗胃肠炎虽能控制病情,但易致胃肠损伤,存在不良反应。中医在提高疗效,降低不良反应方面有着独特的优势。急性胃肠炎属中医“泄泻”“霍乱”范畴,其中湿热内蕴型为其典型病机之一。葛根芩连汤出自《伤寒论》,是张机治疗湿热下利的经典方剂,具有清热化湿、厚肠止利之效。通过文献梳理发现,该方治疗胃肠炎的机制主要与防止病原体侵害、减少炎症反应、调节肠道菌群、改善黏膜屏障、抑制胃肠运动、增强免疫功能等有关。结合胃肠炎的发病机制,对葛根芩连汤的临床应用、作用机制等方面进行综述,以期为其临床治疗胃肠炎提供新依据。     

黄芪甲苷抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展

黄芪甲苷是从黄芪Astragali Radix中提取得到的皂苷类化合物,是黄芪的主要有效成分之一,具有抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节、调节代谢及抗肿瘤等药理作用,近年来在抗肿瘤领域备受关注。研究发现黄芪甲苷能抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,进一步抑制肺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌等癌症进展。其抗肿瘤作用机制主要有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期进程、抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭等,此外还发现黄芪甲苷能在一定程度上增强抗肿瘤药物敏感性和提高机体免疫力。黄芪甲苷可通过多种途径发挥抗肿瘤作用,在抗肿瘤治疗领域有广阔的应用前景。对其抗肿瘤作用及机制进行综述,以期为临床的肿瘤治疗提供新的理论支持与借鉴。     

Improving community health and social care practitioners’ confidence,perceived competence and intention to use behaviour change techniques in health behaviour change conversations

Community health and social care practitioners play an increasingly important role in the health promotion agenda, but lack confidence in having effective health behaviour change (HBC) conversations with members of the public. This study reports the development and evaluation of a training intervention based on health psychology to improve health and social care practitioner self-rated confidence, competence and intention to use five behaviour change techniques (BCTs) in their HBC conversations. A 2-day behavioural science interprofessional skills training course plus online learning module was designed for health and social care staff across North East Scotland, teaching five evidence-based BCTs (e.g. Action Planning), plus person-centred communication skills. Participants rated confidence, competence and future intention to use the BCTs on likert scales (1–10) pre-course and post-course, and provided acceptability data. 177 participants aged 20–64 took part, qualitative and quantitative data suggested that the course had high acceptability. Paired samples t tests (n = 120 with complete data) showed significant improvements in confidence, competence and intention following the course, which remained significant with a conservative analysis (n = 174) assuming no change for missing data. Perceived competence in Action Planning increased most during the course (mean change 3.09). In conclusion, health psychology-based skills training can improve practitioner confidence, competence and intention to use evidence-based BCTs; further evaluation is needed to assess practice change.     

芒果苷的药效作用研究进展

芒果苷是一种天然存在的C-葡萄糖基黄酮,是有效的药用化合物,可以从多种植物中分离提取得到。研究表明,芒果苷具有治疗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、治疗眼部疾病、神经系统保护、肾脏保护、改善心血管疾病等作用。由于其具有众多的生物活性,对预防和治疗多种疾病有巨大潜力。本文对近年来芒果苷的药效学研究进展及其作用机制进行综述,以期为芒果苷的进一步研究和利用提供科学依据。     

土茯苓对细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响

土茯苓水提取物在抗原致敏后及攻击后给药均明显地抑制了picryl chloride(PC)所致的小鼠接触性皮炎(PC-DTH)和绵羊红细胞(SRBC)所致的足蹠反应(SRBC-DTH),其中攻击后给药时作用较强.土茯苓还明显地抑制了二甲苯所致的耳壳及蛋清所致的小鼠足蹠炎症反应。此外,土茯苓对小鼠抗SR-BC 抗体形成的细胞数(IgM-及IgG-PFC 数)无明显影响,但其溶血空斑明显地较对照组为大,同时,血清溶血素水平未见降低,而呈增加趋势。以上结果表明,土茯苓对体液免疫反应无抑制作用,但可选择性地抑制细胞免疫反应,后者主要系影响致敏T 淋巴细胞释放淋巴因子以后的炎症过程。     

Analysis of types of chromosomal aberrations following the combined action of chemical mutagens

Types of chromosomal aberrations in cultures of human lymphocytes exposed to the combined action of various concentrations of thiophosphamide and dipin, with different proportions of each, were studied. The mutagens acted on the G₀ stage. The range of concentrations used was from 3.17·10^–5 to 22.19·10^–5M. Equimolar concentrations of thiophosphamide inhibited more chromatid exchanges and fewer sister-strand (isolocus) unions than dipin, and it also induced a greater proportion of single breaks and a greater proportion of breaks in chromatid exchanges relative to the total number of chromosome breaks. Both the absolute and the relative frequencies of chromosomal aberrations depended on the concentration of the mutagens. A change in the ratio between thiophosphamide and dipin, if the total number of molecules of the two mutagens at the different concentration levels remained constant, gave rise to an effect whose level was between the effects of action of equimolar concentrations of the pure mutagens. This effect depended on the proportion of each mutagen in the combined treatment. It is concluded that the action of thiophosphamide and dipin is additive.Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Smol'yannikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 79–81, January, 1978.