Impact of adenotonsillectomy in pediatric respiratory function

IntroductionAdenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) is an important health condition that leads to upper airway obstruction and constitutes the main cause of obstructive sleep disordered breathing (OSDB) in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of surgical intervention on spirometrical parameters of children with ATH/OSDB and upper airway recurrent infections (URTIs).Material and methodsThe study covered children treated surgically in a Pediatric Ambulatory Unit in a tertiary hospital. Spirometric tests were performed before and three months after surgery and results were compared.ResultsA total of 78 children were enrolled with a mean age of 6.95 ± 2,81 years. There was a significant improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory flow rate at 25% (F25) values after surgery in children suffering from OSDB (FVC pre: 1.52 ± 0.47 L vs FVC post: 1.85 ± 0.63 L, p < 0.001; FEV1 pre: 1.24 ± 0.38 L vs FEV1 post: 1.39 ± 0.40 L, p = 0.014; PEF pre: 2.04 ± 0.85 L/s vs PEF post: 2.33 ± 0.76 L/s, p = 0.014; F25 pre: 1.77 ± 0.77 L/s vs F25 post: 2.02 ± 0.73 L/s, p = 0.030). On a multivariate analysis model, preoperative tonsil size and performing tonsillectomy were the most significant determinants of improvement in spirometric values (p < 0.05). Children with isolated adenoid hypertrophy without tonsillar obstruction and those with URTIs alone did not show relevant differences in spirometric values after surgery (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found concerning pre-operative and post-operative forced expiratory flow rate at 75% (F75) and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF_25–75%) in any group (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSurgery seems effective in ameliorating spirometry values in patients with OSDB and ATH, namely FVC, FEV1, PEF and F25. Spirometry may give a clue on the importance of adequate surgical resolution of pediatric lymphoid hypertrophy obstruction. No significant differences exist on spirometric parameters of children with isolated adenoid hypertrophy and URTIs without ATH. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the potential benefit of spirometry utilization in the daily clinical setting.     

低温等离子射频消融治疗儿童鼾症疗效及安全性的Meta分析

摘要：目的评价低温等离子射频消融治疗儿童鼾症的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、PubMed、EMBASE和 Cochrane，查找有关低温等离子射频消融腺样体及扁桃体切除（等离子组）与腺样体刮除及扁桃体剥离（传统组）治疗儿童鼾症疗效及安全性对比的随机对照研究。检索时限为建库至2016年12月。对纳入的文献进行方法学评价，并用Revman5.3软件对纳入研究中的术中及术后指标进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8个随机对照研究，患儿总人数为629例，其中315例患者接受等离子手术；314例患者接受传统手术，即传统组。Meta分析结果显示：与传统组相比，等离子组手术时间明显缩短［MD=-11.61(-15.92,-7.29),P<0.00001］；术中出血量显著减少［MD=-52.20(-70.59,-33.82),P<0.00001］；患者术后疼痛程度减轻（术后6、24、48、72 h）(VAS评分)（P<0.00001）；术后疼痛持续时间缩短［MD=-2.12(-2.98,-1.26),P<0.00001］；恢复正常饮食时间缩短［MD=-2.07, 95%CI(-3.54,-0.60),P=0.006］；手术有效率提高［OR=3.43,95%CI(1.19,9.90),P=0.02］；而术后出血率无统计学差异（P=0.33）。结论相比传统手术方式，低温等离子射频消融术治疗儿童鼾症具有创伤小、术后恢复快，更安全、更有效等优势。