动脉硬化早期检测患者临床资料分析

目的探讨臂踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)和踝臂血压指数(ABI)作为冠心病(CHD)、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块(CAS)等心血管疾病预测的临床价值。方法应用科林BP-203RPEⅡ(VP-1000)全自动动脉硬化检测仪,对1500例健康体检者及心血管科患者进行baPWV和ABI测量,其中150例疑为冠心病者行冠状动脉造影检查,154例行颈动脉超声多普勒检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况。结果(1)baPWV在评估冠心病中的价值:冠状动脉造影阳性组与冠脉造影阴性组比较,baPWV>1700cm/s,敏感性83.33%,准确性84.00%,Kappa值0.61。(2)随着baPWV的升高,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的OR值增加。结论baPWV>1700cm/s可能是冠心病、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生的独立预测因子。     

银杏达莫注射液对脑梗塞患者踝臂指数影响的临床观察

目的观察银杏达莫注射液对急性脑梗塞患者踝臂指数的影响。方法将40例脑梗塞患者随机分为两组(各20例),在常规治疗的基础上分别加用银杏达莫注射液(治疗组)和丹参注射液(对照组),疗程均为14d。治疗前后分别测量踝臂指数、血液流变学,以及神经功能评定。结果两组均能改善患者踝臂指数和血液流变学水平,治疗组疗效更为显著,(P<0.05);治疗组总有效率为85%,对照组则为55%(P<0.05)。结论银杏达莫注射液能提高患者踝臂指数水平。     

Nonverbal cognitive abilities and auditory performance in children fitted with auditory brainstem implants: preliminary report

Objectives/Hypothesis: Auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) can provide excellent open set speech recognition in adults without auditory tumors. These favorable results prompted us to extend ABI indications to children with profound hearing loss (HL) who are not candidates for a cochlear implant (CI). This article reports on the auditory performance and cognitive development measured in children with ABIs. Study Design: This study quantifies the development of auditory perceptual and nonverbal cognitive abilities of children with profound HL undergoing ABI. From 2000 to 2006, 17 children aged 14 months to 16 years received an ABI for different tumor and nontumor diseases in our department in Verona, and nine children were operated in other countries. Six of the children had been previously fitted elsewhere with a CI with no auditory results. Fourteen children had multiple associated psychomotor handicaps. Methods: The retrosigmoid approach was used in all children. Intraoperative and postoperative electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses were performed in all children. Perceptual auditory abilities were evaluated with the Evaluation of Auditory Responses to Speech battery and the Category of Auditory Performance test. Cognitive evaluation was performed on 10 children using the Leiter International Performance Scale—Revised test. Results: All children consistently use their devices for 8 h/d at average and have environmental sound awareness and utterance of words and simple sentences. Their category of auditory performance test scores increased significantly with ABI use. Scores on two of the four subtests considered for cognitive evaluation in this study increased significantly (P < .05) during the first year of ABI use. Postimplant cognitive outcomes were positively related to the auditory results. Conclusions: The present investigation clearly indicates that children who are not candidates for CI fitted with ABI obtain significant development of their hearing ability and a significant improvement in some cognitive parameters. The outcomes of the present study suggest that children with cochlear or cochlear nerve abnormalities with associated cognitive deficits should not be excluded from ABI implantation.     

International perspectives on paediatric rehabilitation—Australia

The rehabilitation of children with physical and acquired cognitive disability in Australia is described using four illustrative scenarios: an innovative programme for children with acquired brain injury; spasticity management in children with Cerebral Palsy; the training of medical consultants in paediatric rehabilitation; and professional development improvements.     

女性多重动脉硬化患者踝臂指数与全因死亡和心血管疾病死亡关系的群组研究

目的研究具有动脉硬化危险因素的女性住院患者的踝臂指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)与全因死亡和心血管疾病(CVD)死亡的关系。方法收集2004年7月至2005年1月上海和北京多中心连续内科住院患者中具有2个或2个以上动脉硬化危险因素的女性患者1744例,年龄35~95岁,进行基线特征调查并平均随访(11.8±0.4)个月。结果ABI≤0.90诊断外周动脉疾病(PAD)者492例,ABI为0.91~1.40者1252例为非PAD,PAD组的年龄、高血压史、收缩压、血脂紊乱史、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖尿病史、空腹血糖、吸烟史、全因病死率和CVD病死率均高于非PAD组,差异有显著性意义。全因病死率和CVD病死率分别在重度PAD组、轻度至中度PAD组、临界组和正常对照组中的差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。采用Cox回归分析后,重度PAD组全因死亡的RR为4.429(95%CI:2.144~9.149),CVD死亡的RR为6.215(95%CI:1.831~21.099),轻至中度PAD组CVD死亡的RR为2.024(95%CI:1.117~3.664)。PAD组的存活率显著低于非PAD组(P<0.001)。结论低踝臂指数是具有多重动脉硬化危险因素的女性患者全因死亡和CVD死亡的独立危险因素,尤其是CVD死亡,ABI越低,CVD死亡危险性越高。     

Combined Antegrade Femoral Artery and Retrograde Popliteal Artery Recanalization for Chronic Occlusions of the Superficial Femoral Artery

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dual femoral–popliteal approach in the supine position after failed antegrade recanalization attempts in chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA).Materials and MethodsFrom May 2011 to October 2012, 21 patients underwent dual femoral–popliteal recanalization for CTO of the SFA, with a mean lesion length of 87.4 mm ± 5.8. When contralateral antegrade recanalization of SFA occlusions via the common femoral artery could not be achieved, the occlusions were intrainterventionally accessed by retrograde approach via the popliteal artery, which was punctured anteriorly with gently flexed knee and crus extorsion. When the SFA had been recanalized, further angioplasty and stent placement procedures were completed via the femoral artery.ResultsA technical success rate of 100% (entailing puncture of the popliteal artery and SFA recanalization) was achieved, and no hemorrhage, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, or other complications developed. During a mean follow-up of 9.8 months ± 1.5, claudication severity, rest pain, and toe ulcers improved significantly. The pulse of the distal arteries, as well as the filling of the veins, could be distinctly felt. Ankle-brachial index changed from 0.48 ± 0.17 to 0.84 ± 0.11 at 1 year after intervention (P < .001), and patency rates at 1, 6, and 12 months after interventions were 100%, 80%, and 42%, respectively.ConclusionsA dual femoral–popliteal approach in the supine position is an alternative backup option after failed attempts at the antegrade approach for patients with proximal barriers in CTO or lesions with major extending collateral vessels.     

SUPERA Interwoven Nitinol Stent Outcomes in Above-Knee IntErventions (SAKE) Study

PurposeTo report experience with the novel interwoven-wire self-expanding nitinol SUPERA stent (IDEV Technologies, Inc/Abbott Laboratories, Inc, Webster, Texas) for the treatment of severely diseased superficial femoral and popliteal arteries.Materials and MethodsConsecutive patients with severely diseased superficial femoral and popliteal arteries who received SUPERA stents (n = 80 patients [98 limbs]; mean age, 70.8 y; 80% male) were retrospectively identified. Patients were followed for an average of 14.3 months after intervention.ResultsTotal occlusions were present in 39% of the lesions, 21% had tissue loss, and 61% demonstrated calcification on fluoroscopy. Patients were prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) for at least 30 days unless contraindicated, followed by aspirin alone indefinitely. The mean (± SD) lesion length was 143 mm (± 98). Based on need for clinical intervention, primary patency was 96.9% at 6 months and 85.8% at 12 months (Kaplan-Meier estimates). Assisted primary patency and secondary patency rates at 12 months were 96.8% and 100%, respectively. Ankle-brachial index increased from 0.60 at baseline to 0.83 at last follow-up (P < .001). No stent fractures were found by fluoroscopy inspection in 19 limbs (16 patients) that required reintervention.ConclusionsBased on experience with multiple operators at a single clinical center, the interwoven nitinol stent design provides a viable option for high-grade obstructive disease in the femoropopliteal artery.