Transfer of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins via Marine Food Chains：A Simulated Experiment

Objective To study the transfer of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) using four simulated marine food chains: dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense→Artemia Artemia salina→Mysid shrimp Neomysis awatschensis; A. tamarense→N. awatschensis; A. tamarense→A. salina→Perch Lateolabrax japonicus; and A. tamarense→L. japonicus. Methods The ingestion of A. tamarense, a producer of PST, by L. japonicus, N. awatschensis, and A. salina was first confirmed by microscopic observation of A. tamarense cells in the intestine samples of the three different organisms, and by the analysis of Chl.a levels in the samples. Toxin accumulation in L. japonicus and N. awatschensis directly from the feeding on A. tamarense or indirectly through the vector of A. salina was then studied. The toxicity of samples was measured using the AOAC mouse bioassay method, and the toxin content and profile of A. tamarense were analyzed by the HPLC method. Results Both A. salina and N. awatschensis could ingest A. tamarense cells. However, the ingestion capability of A. salina exceeded that of N. awatschensis. After the exposure to the culture of A. tamarense (2 000 cells·mL-1) for 70 minutes, the content of Chl.a in A. salina and N. awatschensis reached 0.87 and 0.024 μg·mg-1, respectively. Besides, A. tamarense cells existed in the intestines of L. japonicus, N. awatschensis and A. salina by microscopic observation. Therefore, the three organisms could ingest A. tamarense cells directly. A. salina could accumulate high content of PST, and the toxicity of A. salina in samples collected on days 1, 4, and 5 of the experiment was 2.18, 2.6, and 2.1 MU·g-1, respectively. All extracts from the samples could lead to death of tested mice within 7 minutes, and the toxin content in artemia sample collected on the 1st day was estimated to be 1.65×10-5 μg STX equal/individual. Toxin accumulation in L. japonicus and N. awatschensis directly from the feeding on A. tamarense or indirectly from the vector of A. salina was also studied. The mice injected with extracts from L. japonicus and N. awatschensis samples that accumulated PST either directly or indirectly showed PST intoxication symptoms, indicating that low levels of PST existed in these samples. Conclusion Paralytic shellfish toxins can be transferred to L. japonicus, N. awatschensis, and A. salina from A. tamarense directly or indirectly via the food chains.     

锦州近海海域放射性活度及海生物所致居民的内剂量

本文报道了1988年～1989年锦州近海的海水、海底质和海生物中总α总β, ⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs, ^6Oco, ¹⁰⁶Ru、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra的放射性活度。在海水和海生物中⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs稍有增加, 说明海洋环境可能受到了切尔诺贝利事故泄漏物的污染。     

三丁基氯化锡对哺乳动物生殖毒性及作用机制

三丁基锡（tributyltin，TBT）曾主要作为船舶防污油漆广泛使用，后来发现TBT对海洋生物产生严重危害，尤其致软体动物发生性畸变，致使种群退化、数量锐减，于2003年禁甩。由于其长期残留性，即使在停用相当长时间后，海水和底泥中仍存在TBT，继而在海洋生物中蓄积，其富集因子大约在5000-25000之间，且经蒸煮后仍会存在，提示食用海产品可能存在TBT的潜在危害。三丁基氯化锡（tributyltinchloride，TBTC）是TBT在水中的主要存在形式。因而本就TBTC对哺乳动物的生殖毒性及其作用机制的研究进展作一综述。     

芥子气等毒剂对29种海洋生物的影响

从我国定海、青岛及榆林港采集海水及29种海洋生物(动物8种,植物21种),用芥子气、路易氏气、沙林及维埃克斯进行试验。所试鱼、蟹等动物,在芥子气染毒海水中(浓度为50～750mg/l,水温为5～35℃),经数分钟后即可出现中毒症状,1小时后可致死。芥子气等毒剂对绿藻门和褐藻门植物(共12种)在数分钟后可产生颜色变化。酸碱对褐藻门植物有类似毒剂所致的改变。本试验方法虽非特异性,但较简便易行。在战时结合毒剂施放的其它征候,对毒剂侦检有一定实际意义。     

海洋生物表面活性肽小鼠急性毒性实验

目的观察海洋生物表面活性肽（SRP）的安全性。方法取昆明种小鼠40只,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组20只,实验组每只小鼠给予113.3 g/kg的SRP灌胃1次,给药体积为50 mL/kg,对照组给予等体积生理盐水,观察小鼠的死亡率和脏器的大体病理改变。结果实验组20只小鼠观察14 d无1例死亡,亦无任何异常及中毒反应,肉眼观察各主要脏器均无异常改变。结论 SRP对小鼠无明显毒性作用。     

海洋生物多糖在医学中的应用进展

海洋生物多糖具有提高机体免疫力、抗病毒、调节人体新陈代谢和抗辐射等多种作用,本文对海洋生物多糖在医学中的应用做了比较全面的综述,为今后海洋生物的综合开发利用提供一定的参考.     

海洋生物表面活性肽小鼠急性毒性实验

目的 观察海洋生物表面活性肽(SRP)的安全性.方法 取昆明种小鼠40只,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组20只,实验组每只小鼠给予113.3 g/kg的SRP灌胃1次,给药体积为50 mL/kg,对照组给予等体积生理盐水,观察小鼠的死亡率和脏器的大体病理改变.结果 实验组20只小鼠观察14 d无1例死亡,亦无任何异常及...     

甲壳素/壳聚糖在疝修补领域的研究综述

疝气是目前临床上1 种常见的外科疾病,随着疝气患者的日益增多,疝修补材料的不断革新成为临床疝气领域的研发热点,力求通过改善疝修补材料来促进疝修补术后的腹壁组织修复情况。目前海洋来源的甲壳素/壳聚糖是生物医用材料领域研究的热点材料,具有广阔的发展前景。综述疝修补材料和以甲壳素和壳聚糖为代表的海洋生物材料的生物学特性及其在疝修补领域的研究进展,评价其作为疝修补材料的可行性,为海洋生物材料在疝修补领域的广泛应用提供新思路。