准分子激光治疗高度和超高度近视的远期疗效

目的:比较准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(PRK)和激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)治疗高度和超高度近视的远期临床效果及其影响疗效的因素。方法:高度近视眼163例(294眼),其中PRK组84例(139眼),平均等效球镜屈光度-8.68±2.08D,LASIK组79例(155眼),平均等效球镜-9.17±2.92D。按术前屈光度分2组,Ⅰ组-6.25～-10.00D,Ⅱ组≥-10.00D,随访2a。结果:2a时,裸眼视力≥0.5者,Ⅰ组中PRK占89.5%,LASIK占96.8%;Ⅱ组中PRK占35.3%,LASIK占83.9%。裸眼视力≥1.0者,Ⅰ组中PRK为51.4%,LASIK为80.6%;Ⅱ组中PRK为2.9%,LASIK为46.8%。术后屈光度在预期矫正屈光度±1.00D范围以内者:Ⅰ组中PRK为62.8%,LASIK为88.2%;Ⅱ组中PRK为17.6%,LASIK为61.3%。角膜上皮下混浊(Haze)发生率,PRK组0级53.2%,0.5级25.3%,1级13.0%,2级8.6%。其中Ⅰ组发生率为39.0%,Ⅱ组发生率为70.5%。LASIK组均无上皮下或层间混浊发生。术后2a的等效球镜屈光度(Y)PRK组与术前等效球镜(X1雪,角膜屈光力(X 2)建立多元回归方程为Y =-8.645 0.444X1 0.265X 2(P <0.001)。LASIK组与术前等效球镜(X 1)、术中角膜切削深度(X 3)建立多元回归方程Y =-0.703 0.52X 1 0.0437X 3(P <0.001)。结论:准分子激光治疗高度和超高度近视眼的临床效果LASIK术式较PRK术式具有明显的优势。     

准分子激光角膜切削术治疗高度、超高度近视眼术后角膜上皮下混浊的远期观察

目的:探讨准分子激光角膜切削术(PRK)治疗高度、超高度近视眼术后角膜上皮下雾状混浊(Haze)的发生情况及影响因素。方法:应用日本NIDEKEC-5000型准分子激光仪治疗高度、超高度近视眼143例(245眼),I组:-6.25～-10.00D,167眼;Ⅱ组-10.25～-24.00D,78眼。观察术后不同时期Haze的发生情况,随访7a以上。结果:术后3mo,0.5,1,4,7a,Haze的发生率,I组分别为74.8%,44.3%,24.5%,11.9%,7.8%;Ⅱ组为80.7%,52.1%,33.3%,24.3%,19.2%。7a时I组屈光度-0.57±1.84D,Ⅱ组-5.02±4.26D。有3级Haze7眼,I组2眼,为RK术后者;Ⅱ组5眼,4眼为年龄>40岁者。≥3级Haze者多出现在Ⅱ组,3～6mo达到高峰,持续时间达1a以上。结论:Haze为高度、超高度近视眼PRK术后的主要并发症。预矫屈光度越高,切削越深,则混浊程度越重;部分患者Haze逐渐减轻,角膜组织创伤修复时间长,部分重度Haze日后可能成为永久性瘢痕。     

Techniques,indications and complications of corneal debridement

The cornea is the most exposed surface of the eye and, as such, is vulnerable to external trauma and the risk of infection. Many corneal diseases alter shape, surface, and transparency and thus result in reduced vision. The external position of the cornea, however, lends itself to diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers that are commonly performed and readily done in the clinic. More sophisticated techniques require the use of complex equipment such as excimer and femtosecond laser. Complications that develop from poor healing and/or secondary infection are best avoided with appropriate technique, antisepsis, and modification of wound healing. We review corneal debridement in the management of corneal disease.     

Trans-PRK与PRK临床对比分析研究

目的：为了减轻患者准分子激光角膜切削术术后的疼痛,提高角膜上皮的愈合速度,现将激光切削与酒精剥除角膜上皮进行对比分析,旨在检测经角膜上皮的准分子激光角膜表层切削术(Trans-PRK)与准分子激光角膜表面切削术(PRK)相比的可预测性、安全性、有效性。方法60例需行PRK手术的患者全部纳入临床观察研究,所有患者均为右眼行酒精去上皮的PRK手术,左眼行激光去上皮的Trans-PRK手术,术前未与患者特别说明两种方式的区别,术后第1、3、7天通过询问患者双眼疼痛感、异物感、畏光流泪等不适感觉,对患者双眼自我感觉进行对比分析,然后术后1、3 d行裂隙灯下观察,术后7 d、1、3、6个月行裂隙灯下观察、角膜染色等方式检查术眼角膜上皮修复情况,然后分析两种手术方式在屈光矫正的可预测性、安全性、有效性。结果 Trans-PRK和PRK两种手术方式,患者在术后1 d双眼不适的自我感觉方面无明显差异,3 d时行PRK的术眼较行Trans-PRK的术眼不适感明显(60例,38例主诉右眼较左眼不适感明显),术后3 d观察行Trans-PRK术眼的角膜上皮修复较行PRK术眼恢复快(60例左眼角膜上皮3 d均恢复,可以取下角膜接触镜,46例右眼角膜上皮3 d恢复,余下14例更换角膜接触镜后,延迟1 d,于术后第4天取下角膜接触镜)。患者术后3 d的裸眼视力,左眼视力明显高于右眼视力。结论 Trans-PRK手术方式较传统20%酒精去上皮的PRK手术更加简便易行,不但利于临床医生掌握操作,也能加速术后角膜创面的恢复,减轻患者术后的痛苦,加快患者术后视力的恢复,虽然观察数量为60例,为期6个月,但仍能证实较传统PRK手术的优越性。     

应用高透氧性角膜接触镜在准分子激光角膜切削术后的病原学分析

目的针对准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(PRK)后所使用的绷带式高透氧性角膜接触镜的病原学进行分析。方法对接受PRK手术的50例(100只眼)患者,手术前取结膜囊分泌物进行细菌学培养。术后给予术眼配戴高透氧性绷带式角膜接触镜,术后第6~8天摘除角膜接触镜,将角膜接触镜进行细菌学检测,并同时再次取结膜囊分泌物进行细菌学培养。并将接触镜培养阳性的患者与培养阴性的患者分组对比,分析两组间矫正视力、眼压、角膜厚度等相关影响因素的差异性。结果 100片角膜接触镜中,3片(3%)细菌学检测结果呈阳性,均为表皮葡萄球菌。所有患者术前、术后结膜囊均未监测到细菌,术后均未见眼部感染表现。阳性组和阴性组间,泪液分泌量存在差异,可能与培养阳性有相关。结论 PRK术后使用的高透氧性绷带式角膜接触镜具有发生细菌污染的可能,尤其对于泪液分泌量较少的患者,其角膜接触镜发生感染机率较高。手术前后合理用药可有效控制接触镜中细菌的繁殖。     

高度近视行Trans-PRK术中联合MMC对术后haze的影响

目的：评价经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术(Trans-PRK)联合0.02%丝裂霉素C(MMC)治疗高度近视预防角膜上皮下雾状混浊(haze)的临床效果。

方法：回顾性病例分析。收集我院2016-01/2017-12行Trans-PRK手术治疗的高度近视患者89例142眼,其中94眼联合使用0.02% MMC设为MMC组,MMC的使用时间为30～45s; 48眼未使用MMC设为对照组。两组患者术后均规律使用类固醇激素滴眼液治疗4mo,随访6mo。采用树模型分析探讨不同相关因素与haze发生的相关性。

结果：按照Fantes分级进行haze评估。MMC组术后haze发生率为8.5%(8/94),对照组为33.3%(16/48)(P=0.001)。树模型结果显示,切削光区直径和切削深度是haze发生的主要相关因素(P<0.01)。当切削光区直径≤5.6mm时发生haze的可能性越大,当切削光区直径>5.6mm时,最大切削深度成为haze发生的主要影响因素。

结论：对于薄角膜及角膜形态异常的高度近视患者,在选择Trans-PRK治疗时应考虑切削光区直径及切削深度,同时应联合使用0.02% MMC,可以安全有效地减少haze发生。     

Infectious keratitis after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: A case report

Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK) promotes faster re-epithelialization which in turn can reduce the risk of infectious keratitis in the postoperative period. We present a case of a 22-year-old man with infectious keratitis in his left eye 8 days after an uneventful bilateral tPRK. A 2 mm × 5 mm anterior stromal area of corneal infiltration with a same sized overlying epithelial defect was noted at the time of presentation. His uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/63 in his left eye. Corneal scrapings showed Bordetella bronchiseptica. The infection responded to intensive treatment with topical levofloxacin 0.5% eye drops. The final visual acuity was 20/20 in the left eye.     

PRK术后屈光回退和Haze的药物防治进展

就近年来准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术 (PRK )后屈光回退和角膜上皮下雾状混浊 (Haze)两大并发症的药物防治进展作一简要综述。阐述了局部应用皮质类固醇药物、非甾体抗炎药物、抗代谢药物、抗氧化剂、Caspase抑制剂、细胞因子调控、锌制剂对减弱角膜创伤愈合反应 ,阻断或减少角膜细胞凋亡的作用 ,从而预防和治疗屈光回退和Haze形成 ,提高PRK手术的稳定性和预测性。     

Clinical outcomes of management of posterior capsule rupture with air bubble techniques

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes after implantation of a new intrastromal corneal ring segment associated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct high myopia (ICRS HM) in patients with thin corneas. METHODS: We evaluated 42 eyes of 23 patients that had ICRS HM implantation followed by PRK. The mean age of patients was 29.1±7.12y (range 18 to 40 years old). Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), keratometry, spherical equivalent, pachymetry, and aberrometry were compared using ANOVA with repeated measurements assessed preoperatively and at last follow-up visit after the procedures. The refractive predictability and simulated/real corneal ablation were also assessed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time after PRK was 6.8±1.6mo. The mean preoperative UCVA improved from 20/800 preoperative to 20/100 after ICRS and 20/35 after PRK. The mean preoperative BCVA was 20/25 (range from 20/40 to 20/20) and remained unchanged after ICRS HM implantation. Following the PRK the mean BCVA was 20/25 (range from 20/40 to 20/20). The mean spherical equivalent decreased from -7.25±1.12 (range -5.00 to -9.00) preoperatively to -3.32±1.0 (range -2.00 to -5.00) postoperatively (P<0.001) after ICRS HM, ICRS implantation and decreased from -2.44±1.51 preoperatively to 0.32±0.45 (range -0.625 to 0.875) postoperatively (P<0.001) after PRK. The change in BCVA and topographic astigmatism was statistically significant (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: ICRS HM associated with PRK can be a tissue saving procedure and an alternative surgical option for correction of moderate to high myopia.     

PTK-PRK-CXL和PTK-CXL治疗LASIK术后角膜膨隆的疗效

目的　评价准分子激光治疗性角膜切削术（phototherapeutic keratectomy,PTK）联合角膜交联（corneal cross-linking,CXL）术（PTK-CXL）和准分子激光治疗性角膜切削术、准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（photorefractive keratectomy,PRK）联合CXL术（PTK-PRK-CXL）治疗准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK）术后角膜膨隆的临床效果。方法　选取LASIK术后角膜膨隆的患者28例（40眼）,根据手术方式不同分为PTK-CXL组和PTK-PRK-CXL组。分别在治疗前及治疗后6个月、12个月测量患者的视敏度、屈光度、最大角膜曲率(maximum keratometry,Kmax)、最薄点角膜厚度（thinnest corneal thickness,TCT）、角膜内皮细胞计数（endothelial cell count,ECC）。将术后不同时间点的观察结果与术前做自身对照,并比较两组不同观察指标的变化量差异。结果　两组均能有效降低患者的角膜曲率和屈光度,提高患者的视敏度,对角膜内皮细胞无影响。PTK-CXL组和PTK-PRK-CXL组裸眼视力术后6个月分别为(0.59±0.35)logMAR、(0.22±0.10)logMAR;术后12个月分别为(0.56±0.32)logMAR、(0.17±0.11)logMAR。两组Kmax术前分别为(55.51±8.08)D、(52.59±6.30)D,术后6个月降低为(54.07±8.07)D、(46.55±5.04)D;术后12个月为(53.96±8.01)D、(46.12±4.94)D。除PTK-CXL组柱镜度数在术后6个月、12个月与术前相比,差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）外,两组其他观察指标在术后不同时间点与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。两组ECC均在术后12个月恢复至术前水平,与术前差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。两组术后不同时间点各观察指标相较于术前的变化量,除BCVA外,其他指标变化量差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。结论　PTK-CXL和PTK-PRK-CXL均能安全有效控制角膜膨隆的进展,PTK-PRK-CXL较PTK-CXL能更好地改善患者的裸眼视力,角膜曲率的降低更显著。