外源性透明质酸酶对人乳腺癌细胞侵袭力及血管形成能力的影响

目的　探讨外源性透明质酸酶(hyaluronidase, Hyase)对人乳腺癌细胞ZR 75 30 侵袭潜力及血管形成能力的影响。方法　通过建立体外侵袭模型和应用双室联合培养技术,观察外源性Hyase对ZR 75 30细胞穿透Matrigel(人工基底膜)的能力以及诱导血管内皮细胞形成血管能力的影响。结果　实验组的穿膜细胞数为(70.625±11.64)个,明显高于对照组的(22.125±6.09)个(P<0.01); 实验组的血管管腔数目为(34.5±2.4)条,明显高于对照组的(8.5±1.5)条(P<0.01)。结论　外源性Hyase有促进人乳腺癌细胞侵袭及诱导血管形成的作用。     

Use of intrathecal hyaluronidase in the management of tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus

A preliminary study to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal hyaluronidase was carried out in nine children suffering from tuberculous meningitis with communicating hydrocephalus. This was followed by a randomized trial in which five cases were treated with intrathecal hyaluronidase, while six cases were treated by the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. No untoward reaction of any significance was noted. The results were judged in terms of improvement in the sensorium and mentation, in specific neurological deficit (e.g., visual impairment and hemiparesis), and in overall functional performance. Although most of the patients receiving hyaluronidase showed some improvement in the sensorium, only one of the nine preliminary cases and one of the five cases in the randomized trial showed a total recovery of function. Two of the six shunted patients, however, showed complete recovery. Shunt insertion led to further improvement in two of the nine preliminary cases who had failed to respond to treatment with hyaluronidase. This preliminary study shows that intrathecal hyaluronidase does, in most cases, lead to an improvement in the sensorium but does not offer any particular advantage over shunt insertion in terms of regression of specific neurological deficit or overall functional improvement.     

Targeted delivery of low dose doxorubicin hydrochloride administered via magnetic albumin microspheres in rats

Abstract

The efficacy of magnetic albumin microspheres in the targeted delivery of an anti-cancer agent, doxorubicin hydrochloride, has been investigated in rats. Using the tail as a target organ, the animals were intra-arterially administered with either 0.12mg/kg of free drug, or 0.04mg/kg of microsphere entrapped drug in the presence of a 8000 Gauss magnet applied for 30 min at the target-site. In each group, the animals were sacrificed over a 48 h period and their various tissues analysed for drug concentration using HPLC. It was found that compared to the free drug, a one-third dose of microsphere entrapped drug resulted in almost eight times higher drug exposure (AUC_o-) at the target site. In addition, the drug delivery to all the non-target tissues, including liver and heart, was substantially reduced. The study confirms the efficacy of magnetic albumin microspheres in the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.     

Scyphozoan jellyfish venom metalloproteinases and their role in the cytotoxicity

The present study, for the first time, comparatively investigated the enzymatic activities (proteases and hyaluronidases) in the venoms of four Scyphozoan jellyfish species, including Nemopilema nomurai, Rhopilema esculenta, Cyanea nozakii, and Aurelia aurita. For this, various zymographic analyses were performed using assay specific substrates. Interestingly, all the four jellyfish venoms showed gelatinolytic, caseinolytic, and fibrinolytic activities, each of which contains a multitude of enzyme components with molecular weights between 17 and 130 kDa. These four jellyfish venoms demonstrated a huge variation in their proteolytic activities in quantitative and qualitative manner depending on the species. Most of these enzymatic activities were disappeared by the treatment of 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting they might be belonged to metalloproteinases. Toxicological significance of these venom proteases was examined by comparing their proteolytic activity and the cytotoxicity in NIH 3T3 cells. The relative cytotoxic potency was C. nozakii > N. nomurai > A. aurita > R. esculenta. The cytotoxicity of jellyfish venom shows a positive correlation with its overall proteolytic activity. The metalloproteinases appear to play an important role in the induction of jellyfish venom toxicities. In conclusion, the present report proposes a novel finding of Scyphozoan jellyfish venom metalloproteinases and their potential role in the cytotoxicity.     

Eficacia de la hialuronidasa retrobulbar en el tratamiento de la ceguera provocada por rellenos cosméticos. Revisión sistemática

IntroductionBlindness after periocular cosmetic filler injection is a rare but devastating complication. Complication management protocols recommend injecting retrobulbar hyaluronidase if visual loss related to accidental intravascular injection of hyaluronic acid occurs. Given the dramatic increase in cosmetic filler injections and the variety of professionals that can deliver them, it is reasonable to assume that the incidence of complications will rise significantly.ObjectiveTo evaluate if there is evidence-based efficacy of retrobulbar hyaluronidase injection in visual loss secondary to periocular cosmetic filler injection.Material and methodsThe authors performed a search of English and Spanish language articles following the PRISMA statement published on the use of retrobulbar hyaluronidase to reverse vision loss precipitated by hyaluronic acid gel fillers. Articles reviewed included case reports/series and experimental investigations. We identified a total of 13 patients in this review following defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Finally, we included 15 articles in the study, 12 of them were cases / case series. The 2 remaining articles are experimental studies in animals with a control group, in which after causing selective occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, serial injections of retroocular hyaluronidase are administered with control of visual function.ResultsOf the 15 articles included in the study, we studied 17 patients treated with retrobulbar hyaluronidase for hyaluronic acid-induced blindness. Improvement was demonstrated in 3 cases. Animal studies demonstrate variable data are provided regarding the recovery of visual acuity.ConclusionsThere is no confirmed evidence of retrobulbar hyaluronidase injection effectiveness in treating visual loss due to accidental intravascular injection of hyaluronic acid. More studies are needed to show the efficacy of hyaluronidase as a treatment for blindness caused by hyaluronic acid.     

沉默附睾P34H基因对小鼠精子P34H表达和精子透明质酸酶活性的影响

目的:通过慢病毒介导的RNA干扰(RNAi)敲低P34H表达,分析其对小鼠精子P34H表达和精子透明质酸酶(HYD)活性的影响。方法:构建3种附睾精子P34H shRNA慢病毒表达载体GV-P34H-sh RNA-1、GVP34H-sh RNA-2和GV-P34H-sh RNA-3,提取阳性克隆质粒测序,转染HEK293T细胞,生产慢病毒颗粒。将3种重组慢病毒及阴性对照病毒分别注入小鼠附睾中,用real-time PCR和Western blot法分别检测其对P34H m RNA和蛋白的沉默效果。采用免疫荧光法观察P34H蛋白在小鼠精子上的定位,改良透明质酸钠-明胶底物膜法检测小鼠精子HYD活性(HYD阳性反应率和HYD活性强度)。结果:测序结果证实3种慢病毒载体均包装成功。感染小鼠附睾后,P34H的mRNA及蛋白表达量均较阴性感染组和正常对照组明显降低(P0.05);其中以GV-P34H-sh RNA-1作用最为显著,精子P34H阳性表达率和HYD活性均较阴性感染组和正常对照组明显降低(P0.05),而阴性感染组和正常对照组相比差异无统计学显著性。结论:附睾P34H基因沉默可抑制小鼠附睾中精子P34H阳性表达率和HYD活性。     

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of apigenin: inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression,adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells,and expression of cellular adhesion molecules

The aim of this study was to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of apigenin. Apigenin inhibited the collagenase activity involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose dependent manner in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Pretreatment with apigenin also attenuated LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. In addition, apigenin profoundly reduced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC monolayer. Apigenin significantly suppressed the TNF-alpha-stimulated upregulation of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-, and E-selectin-mRNA to the basal levels. Taken together, these results suggest that apigenin has significant anti-inflammatory activity that involves blocking NO-mediated COX-2 expression and monocyte adherence. These results further suggest that apigenin may be useful for therapeutic management of inflammatory diseases.     

Diplopia after Hyaluronic Acid Gel Injection for Correction of Facial Tear Trough Deformity

A 38 Year-old-female presented with diplopia and bilateral lower eyelid swelling 1.5 months after hyaluronic acid filler injection of tear trough deformity. Comprehensive eye examination showed an inferior oblique muscle restriction on the right eye. Diplopia and bilateral lower eyelid puffiness were treated by injection of hyaluronidase which resulted in disappearance of both diplopia and bilateral lower eyelid puffiness.     

Bladder tumor markers: Need, nature and application. 2 Tumor and tumor-associated antigens

Despite the diversity of the available markers, none is truly specific to transitional epithelium, let alone its tumors. Some of the markers used, such as hCG and CEA, are far better known in other fields and seem to be expressed in only a minority of urothelial tumors. The majority of the available markers are tumor associated and should perhaps be considered as by-products of the process of malignancy in the urinary tract. Newer tests which are simple, rapid and easy to use have a practical advantage. These are currently the Bard BTA, BTA Stat and Aura-Tek FDP tests. So far, these markers have achieved only an arguable and marginal role in daily clinical practice, challenging the role of cytology and helping decide the type of cystoscopy. A more substantial role awaits a test with higher and more consistent sensitivity and specificity, together with the capability to provide independent diagnostic and/or prognostic information. In this part of the review we examine the literature view of the above-mentioned tests, as well as other new and some older tests such as blood group-related antigens, Lewis antigen, cytokeratins and others.     

Hyaluronidase versus Foley catheter for cervical ripening in high-risk term and post term pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Foley catheter and hyaluronidase for cervical ripening. METHOD: Randomized controlled trial where 140 pregnant women, with gestational age > or = 37 weeks, indication for labor induction and an unripe cervix, were enrolled, allocated in two groups according to the method of cervical ripening before labor induction. Statistical analysis used Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square test, survival analysis, risk ratios and number needed to treat. RESULTS: Time of induction, dose of oxytocin and mode of delivery had better results in the Foley catheter group. Comfort with the method was higher in the hyaluronidase group. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods were effective and safe for cervical ripening. The Foley catheter group experienced a shorter period of induction, required a lower dose of oxytocin and had higher vaginal delivery rates, while the women who used hyaluronidase declared greater comfort with the method.