An exploration of gifted programs

This article presents findings on an exploration of gifted programs in the state of Missouri. Over 60 percent of the state supported public school gifted programs participated in the study. The study concludes that the guidelines for gifted education in Missouri create extreme variability in the standards of the programs. Strong national policy for gifted education is needed to insure gifted children are properly served and protected by law.     

Case Study of Institution-Building by Nurse Bertha Wright and Colleagues

Purpose: To illuminate the history of nurses' participation in institution-building in the early 1900s, using the Baby Hospital in Oakland, California (now called Children's Hospital Oakland) as a case.
Design: Historical research using a framework of women's history theory focused on the women who founded Oakland's Baby Hospital, 1910–1930.
Method: Data collection included studying original sources, archival material, and interviews. Data evaluation included external criticism for authenticity and genuineness, and internal criticism for accuracy and bias.
Findings: In 1912, nurse Bertha Wright and social worker Mabel Weed, with a circle of community women, including Jessica Peixotto and Jean Howard McDuffie, established the Baby Hospital. Their activism included home visits, education, research, publications, political lobbying, and state policy and program development. At the center of this activity, was the lifelong commitment of Wright and Weed, who created new definitions of family. With social changes in the late 1920s, the male Board of Directors seized control of the hospital, and relegated women to auxiliary roles.
Conclusions: Health and social issues of the United States at the turn of the century are still problematic as a new century approaches and pertain to maternal-child health, foster care, and immigration. Feminists, including nurses, have played a central role in creating solutions. Knowledge of some of their incredible effort has been lost, particularly nursing's history in the western United States.     

The Future Detection and Prevention of Institutional Abuse: Giving Children a Chance to Participate in Research

The involvement of children in research studies is historically fraught with difficulties. Experiments on children without their consent or knowledge have been carried out in the past and thus the need for stringent ethical control is undoubtedly necessary. However this paper argues that the need to protect children from unethical research has somehow become entwined in the web of secrecy that surrounds the very nature of child abuse. In the name of 'protection' are children in danger of not having their voice heard?

In the foreword to 'Listening to Children' (Alderson, 1995) Roger Singleton writes, 'much research is carried out on and about children, but seldom with children. Children themselves are often strangely silent'. This paper draws on recent literature on the institutional abuse of young people in residential care and the lack of voice that those abused in residential care have traditionally had, suggesting that their silence is not 'strange' but perhaps contrived.

This paper does not repeat the work of Alderson (1995) and make suggestions as to how research with children may best be carried out, but seeks to address the issues in relation to research with children who are in institutions.     

人脑胶质瘤的实验系列研究

1979～1989年,我室建立了人脑胶质瘤的体外和体内模型,在实验肿瘤的生物学、形态学、动力学、遗传学、神经生化,免疫组化、细胞杂交、单抗分子生物学、放射免疫、生物导弹和实验治疗等多方面进行了探索,其中大部分的结果己经或即将发表。本文旨在系统归纳,以利同道检索。     

密闭液性环境干燥环境下供皮区创面愈合的比较研究

目的比较研究密闭液性环境和干燥环境下供皮区创面的愈合过程. 方法 1996年7月～1997年3月以13例成人断层供皮区创面为研究对象,其中男9例,女4例,年龄20～50岁,创面面积(100～400) cm2,取皮深度中厚,约0.44 mm.同一个创面分为实验组(密闭液性环境)和对照组(干燥环境),采用自身对照法.应用大体、组织学及电镜观察等方法进行观察. 结果密闭液性环境下创面愈合较快,创面组织中成纤维细胞较早活跃、且持续时间较长,再血管化和再上皮化均较早和较快发生. 结论密闭液性环境下创面愈合较快,与组织修复细胞较为活跃、再血管化和再上皮化较快发生有关.     

血瘀证的研究发展脉络与评述

主要从4个方面论述了血瘀证50年来研究进展．理论研究，着重从古今文献论述血瘀证定义和含义；客观研究，着重对生理、生化、血液流变学、免疫学、病理学和微循环等方面对血瘀证进行研究；血瘀证的动物模型研究，主要对血瘀证动物模型的建立与造模方法和途径进行研究；诊断标准研究，包括诊断标准、诊断指标的研究。并对上述内容进行了评述，并提出了展望。     

Gender Trends in Emergency Medicine Publications

Background In recent years, the number of women entering the field of emergency medicine (EM) has increased.
Objectives To determine if authorship in EM publications has increased in parallel with this trend.
Methods The gender of first and last authors of EM articles in Academic Emergency Medicine , American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Annals of Emergency Medicine , and Journal of Emergency Medicine were examined. The authors reviewed articles from 1985, 1995, and 2005 for American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Annals of Emergency Medicine , and Journal of Emergency Medicine and from 1999 and 2005 for Academic Emergency Medicine . The primary outcomes were the proportions of female authors.
Results A total of 2,016 articles were reviewed. Overall, 18% of first and last authors were female. Respectively, for 1985, 1995, 1999, and 2005, the proportions of female first authors were 9%, 15%, 19%, and 24%; the proportions of female last authors were 9%, 18%, 19%, and 22%. The trend of increases in female authorship was statistically significant.
Conclusions Although female authorship remains a minority in EM publications, it has increased significantly in parallel with increases in female participation in EM.     

基层医院护理科研论文的现状和护士长工作指导

护理作为一门独立的专业，其发展应以科学研究为基础。护理科研、论文的数量和水平是评价一个地区或单位的护理整体水平的重要指标之一。笔者通过我院10年间医院工作人员科研立项、科研论文发表交流情况及护理人员论文写作的调查，对护理科研滞后的应用进行了综合分析，认为缺乏科研意识、科研潜力不足，观行制度制约，客观条件制约是重要因素。提出改变这种状态应从学科带头人入手，详细阐述了护士长对护理科研、论文工作的指导。     

健中愈疡片治疗脾虚型胃溃疡的临床与实验研究

目的:用临床观察及动物实验研究健中愈疡片治疗脾气虚型胃溃疡的效果及机理。方法:临床观察从症状、体征、症候疗效方面观察健中愈疡片治疗脾气虚型胃溃疡的效果,动物实验从精神、活动、食欲、皮毛及肠胀气等方面观察健中愈疡片对脾虚证的改善情况。结果:健中愈疡片组治疗后,患者胃脘疼痛、嗳气泛酸、腹胀痞满、纳呆食少、大便稀溏、体倦乏力等症状的改善与治疗前比较具有极显著性差异(P<0.01),效果优于胃舒平片组和法莫替丁胶囊组(P<0.05)。健中愈疡片组治疗后,大鼠精神转好,食欲增加,被毛转光泽,体重增加,肠胀气明显好转,与模型组比较具有极显著的差异(P<0.01)。结论:健中愈疡片正是从改善脾气虚证入手来促进脾气虚型胃溃疡患者的溃疡愈合速度和愈合质量,改善其各种临床症状,从而达到治疗目的。