乳腺癌80例钼靶X线诊断分析

[目的]探讨钼靶X线摄影在乳腺癌诊断中的重要价值.[方法]回顾性分析经X线诊断,手术病理证实的80例乳腺癌,结合文献复习各种类型乳腺癌的主要X线表现及病理特征.[结果]40～59岁为乳腺癌高发年龄组61例（76%）,发病部位以外上象限为多见52例（65%）,病理主要以浸润性导管癌62例（78%）,其次为浸润性小叶癌10例（13%）,乳腺癌的X线影像特征以边缘毛刺肿块较常见,且肿块大多中心致密,能清晰辨别病灶钙化灶的大小、形态及数目是钼靶摄影的独特之处,小钙化灶及乳腺组织局部结构紊乱也是乳腺癌的特征表现.[结论]钼靶X线摄影可以较好地显示乳腺癌的表现特征,在早期诊断和鉴别诊断中起到非常重要的作用.     

Study on the Pre-Oxidation and Resulting Oxidation Mechanism and Kinetics of Mo-9Si-8B Alloy

Molybdenum silicon boron alloy is regarded as the next generation of superalloy that is expected to replace nickel-based superalloys. However, the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Mo-Si-B alloy has always been an issue worth studying. In this study, Mo-9Si-8B alloy was prepared via a plasma oscillatory pressure sintering process and pre-oxidized at 1300 °C while maintaining a certain balance of mechanical and oxidation properties. The influence of the oxide protective layer on its performance at high temperature of 1150 °C was explored, the micro-mechanism of its performance and its failure mode of the hinge-locking mechanism was illustrated, and finally, its oxidation kinetics was inferred. In conclusion, pre-oxidized Mo-9Si-8B (at.%) alloy did play a role in delaying the oxidation process during the initial period of cyclic oxidation. However, with the increase of cyclic oxidation time, the improvement of high-temperature oxidation resistance was limited.     

绵羊铜缺乏症的诊治

2009年春,新疆乌鲁木齐市周边一牧场发生绵羊羔羊铜缺乏症,发病211只,病死70只,已经补铜治愈。经测定,该牧场干牧草铜含量在15-41mg／kg之间,污染牧草所含铜钼比例小于2：1,新鲜牧草铜钼比例为7．6：1。此次发病与该牧场附近去年底开工的一家炼焦厂造成的钼污染有关。     

乳腺导管造影对乳管内乳头状瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨乳头状瘤钼靶X线片、导管造影的X线表现及其与临床病理关系。方法回顾性分析108例乳管内乳头状瘤的临床特点、乳腺钼靶X线片、导管造影表现及病理改变,并根据病变大小、形态、病变处导管形态及二者的关系,在导管造影片上进行X线分型且与病理改变进行比较。结果108例均有单个乳孔溢液。导管造影：108例均示导管内充盈缺损及导管扩张。管内型81例,囊内型21例,混合型6例。钼靶X线表现与病理改变一致。结论乳管内乳头状瘤最常见的临床表现是单个乳孔溢液,乳腺钼靶X线平片征象少,导管造影特点是管内充盈缺损,对乳头状瘤具有诊断价值。     

Studies on the genotoxicity of molybdenum salts in human cells in vitro and in mice in vivo

Molybdenum is an essential element in plants and animals as a cofactor for enzymes. Molybdenum trioxide is used in metallurgical processes, in cosmetics as a pigment, and in contact lens solution, yet limited information is available on molybdenum genotoxicity. In the present study the micronucleus (MN) assay in human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow and the dominant lethal assay in mice were used to assess the genotoxic effects of molybdenum salts in vitro and in vivo. Two salts of molybdenum were tested in whole blood cultures. Ammonium molybdate was more potent than sodium molybdate in causing a dose-dependent decrease in viability and replicative index and an increase in MN formation in binucleated lymphocytes (P < 0.001). A dose–response in both kinetochore-positive MN (caused by chromosome lagging) and kinetochore-negative MN (associated with chromosome breakage) was observed. Based on the results of a toxicity study of sodium molybdate, two doses, 200 and 400 mg/kg, were assessed in the bone marrow MN assay in mice (two i.p. injections 24 and 48 hr prior to euthanasia). A modest but statistically significant increase in MN frequency in polychromatic erythrocytes was observed (P < 0.05). The same treatment protocol was used to analyze dominant lethality. A dose-dependent increase in postimplantation loss represented mostly by early resorptions was observed the first week after treatment (P = 0.003). These preliminary data suggest that sodium molybdate induces dominant lethality at the postmeiotic stage of spermatogenesis. Overall, molybdenum salts produced moderately positive results both in vitro in human cells and in vivo in mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 32:251–259, 1998 © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Structure and expression of tandemly duplicated xanthine dehydrogenase genes of the silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is a molybdoenzyme which catalyses oxidation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid. We isolated genomic clones of silkworm (Bombyx mori) XDH genes (BmXDH1 and BmXDH2). The BmXDH2 The BmXDH2 gene is located upstream from the BmXDH1 gene and they show a tandemly duplicated structure. Both BmXDH genes were expressed in the fat body and Malpighian tubules, whereas only the BmXDH1 gene was expressed in the midgut. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that BmXDH gene duplication occurred after the divergence of the silkworm and dipteran species. Intron insertion site comparison shows that some introns were lost during insect XDH gene evolution.     

A novel in vitro allometric scaling methodology for aldehyde oxidase substrates to enable selection of appropriate species for traditional allometry

1.?Failure to predict human pharmacokinetics of aldehyde oxidase (AO) substrates using traditional allometry has been attributed to species differences in AO metabolism.

2.?To identify appropriate species for predicting human in vivo clearance by single-species scaling (SSS) or multispecies allometry (MA), we scaled in vitro intrinsic clearance (CL_int) of five AO substrates obtained from hepatic S9 of mouse, rat, guinea pig, monkey and minipig to human in vitro CL_int.

3.?When predicting human in vitro CL_int, average absolute fold-error was ≤2.0 by SSS with monkey, minipig and guinea pig (rat/mouse >3.0) and was <3.0 by most MA species combinations (including rat/mouse combinations).

4.?Interspecies variables, including fraction metabolized by AO (F_m,AO) and hepatic extraction ratios (E) were estimated in vitro. SSS prediction fold-errors correlated with the animal:human ratio of E (r²?=?0.6488), but not F_m,AO (r²?=?0.0051).

5.?Using plasma clearance (CL_p) from the literature, SSS with monkey was superior to rat or mouse at predicting human CL_p of BIBX1382 and zoniporide, consistent with in vitro SSS assessments.

6.?Evaluation of in vitro allometry, F_m,AO and E may prove useful to guide selection of suitable species for traditional allometry and prediction of human pharmacokinetics of AO substrates.     

甲烷在氧化钼系催化剂上的选择氧化

以MoO_3-SiO_2为主催化剂,研究了助剂Fe、Co的催化作用。Fe的加入,提高了催化剂对甲烷的脱氢能力,从而提高生成HCHO的选择性;Co的掺入与Mo形成CoMoO_4相,改善了MoO_3在含水气氛中的稳定性。考察了空气作氧化剂取代N_2O进行CH_4选择氧化的可能性。反应过程中水的加入抑制了深度氧化反应的进行,使生成HCHO选择性提高。     

碱性介质中萃取分离钼、钨的研究

用钼、钨酸钠溶液经过硫化反应生成硫代钼、钨酸钠,以27%N-263-10%正癸醇-63%磺化煤油(体积百分比)为有机相,脂肪酸为协萃剂,控制平衡水相pH7—9.5,硫代钼酸根离子优先进入有机相。分离因素高达1000以上。负载有机相中的硫代钼酸根离子必须转化为可被氨水反萃的钼酸根离子形式。经过二级错流反萃,钨的回收率为80%,钼的回收率为97%。所得的钨产品中含钼量可低于5ppm。