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991.
Rumina Hasan Kauser Jabeen Asho Ali Yasraba Rafiq Rabia Laiq Babar Malik Mahnaz Tanveer Ramona Groenheit Solomon Ghebremichael Sven Hoffner Zahra Hasan 《Emerging infectious diseases》2010,16(9):1473-1475
Frequency of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Pakistan increased from 1.5% in 2006 to 4.5% in 2009 (p<0.01). To understand the epidemiology, we genotyped selected strains by using spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units–variable number of tandem repeats, and IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. 相似文献
992.
Corazon C. Buerano Abigail D. Trinidad Lindsay Sydney N. Fajardo Irwin Y. Cua Michael O. Baclig Filipinas F. Natividad 《Tropical Medicine and Health》2014,42(4):145-147
We report the case of a 76-year old Filipino male who presented with pain, redness, and blurring of vision of the right eye. Corneal scraping was done and sent to the St. Luke’s Research and Biotechnology Group for detection and identification of the infectious agent. Morphological detection was performed by allowing the organism from the scraping to grow in 1.5% non-nutrient agar plate with heat-killed E. coli. Trophozoites with acanthopodia and double-walled cysts characteristic of Acanthamoeba were observed within the first and second week of observations, respectively. Molecular identification of the amoebae at the genus level based on the presence of Acanthamoeba-specific amplimer S1, ASA.S1 confirmed the morphological identification. Genotyping through sequence revealed that the organism belonged to T4, which is the genotype commonly present in the eye of keratitis patients. 相似文献
993.
GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene deletions are not associated with hepatotoxicity caused by antitubercular drugs
S. Chatterjee MD N. Lyle MSc A. Mandal MD S. Kundu MD 《Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics》2010,35(4):465-470
Background and objective: Susceptibility to antitubercular drug (ATD)‐induced hepatotoxicity may be genetically mediated, with variant alleles of genes such as N‐acetyltransferase (NAT2) and CYP2E1 reported as risk factors. Two studies of Asian populations have reported that GSTM1*0/*0 (null) genotype was a likely predictor of hepatotoxicity, whereas another of a Caucasian population implicated GSTT1*0/*0. We undertook a prospective case–control study to investigate whether GSTM*0/*0 and GSTT1*0/*0 were risk factors for ATD‐induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Pulmonary tuberculosis patients on isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide who developed hepatotoxicity using defined criteria were prospectively identified. These cases were then matched with at least one control subject on the same drugs but without hepatotoxicity. Genotyping for GSTM1 and GSTT1 was performed by multiplex PCR on genomic DNA. The odds ratios for the frequency of specific GSTM1 and GSTT1 homozygotes in the case and control subjects were calculated to test for association between the genotypes and hepatotoxicity. Results and discussion: Hundred and fifty‐one subjects (51 cases, 100 controls) were enrolled. Odds ratio for GSTM1 null genotype was 1·00 (95% CI 0·51–1·97) and GSTT1 null was 2·02 (95% CI 0·39–10·39), respectively, showing that these genotypes are not associated with hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: GSTM1 *0/*0 or GSTT1 *0/*0 or both null genotypes, do not appear to be associated with ATD‐induced hepatotoxicity in our Indian population. 相似文献
994.
995.
S. De Meyer A. Ghys G. R. Foster M. Beumont B. Van Baelen T.‐I. Lin I. Dierynck H. Ceulemans G. Picchio 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2013,20(6):395-403
Study C209 evaluated the activity of telaprevir in treatment‐naïve patients with genotypes 2 or 3 (G2, G3) hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Telaprevir monotherapy showed potent activity against HCV G2, but limited activity against G3. This analysis was performed to characterize HCV viral variants emerging during telaprevir‐based treatment of G2/G3 HCV‐infected patients. Patients were randomized to receive 2 weeks of treatment with telaprevir (telaprevir monotherapy), telaprevir plus peginterferon alfa‐2a and ribavirin (triple therapy), or placebo plus peginterferon alfa‐2a and ribavirin (control), followed by 22–24 weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin alone. Viral breakthrough was defined as an increase >1 log10 in HCV RNA from nadir, or HCV RNA >100 IU/mL in patients previously reaching <25 IU/mL. Twenty‐three patients (47%) had G2 and 26 (53%) had G3 HCV. Viral breakthrough occurred during the initial 2‐week treatment phase in six G2 patients (66.7%; subtypes 2, 2a and 2b) and three G3 patients (37.5%; all subtype 3a), all in the telaprevir monotherapy arm. Four breakthrough patients (three G2, one G3) subsequently achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). In all patients with breakthrough and available sequence data, mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to telaprevir in genotype 1 (G1) HCV were observed. No novel G2/G3‐specific mutations were associated with telaprevir resistance. The telaprevir resistance profile appeared consistent across HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3. Although viral breakthrough with resistance occurred in patients receiving telaprevir monotherapy, half of these patients achieved an SVR upon addition of peginterferon/ribavirin highlighting the importance of combination therapy. 相似文献
996.
Federica Trucco Deborah Ridout Joana Domingos Kate Maresh Mary Chesshyre Pinki Munot Anna Sarkozy Stephanie Robb Rosaline Quinlivan Mollie Riley Colin Wallis Elaine Chan Francois Abel Silvana De Lucia Jean-Yves Hogrel Erik H. Niks Imelda de Groot Laurent Servais Volker Straub Valeria Ricotti Adnan Manzur Francesco Muntoni 《Muscle & nerve》2022,65(1):67-74
997.
Baldwin A Mahenthiralingam E Drevinek P Vandamme P Govan JR Waine DJ LiPuma JJ Chiarini L Dalmastri C Henry DA Speert DP Honeybourne D Maiden MC Dowson CG 《Emerging infectious diseases》2007,13(3):458-461
Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), found in many environments, are associated with clinical infections. Examining diverse species and strains from different environments with multilocus sequence typing, we identified > 20% of 381 clinical isolates as indistinguishable from those in the environment. This finding links the natural environment with the emergence of many Bcc infections. 相似文献
998.
Genotype misclassification occurs frequently in human genetic association studies. When cases and controls are subject to the same misclassification model, Pearson's chi-square test has the correct type I error but may lose power. Most current methods adjusting for genotyping errors assume that the misclassification model is known a priori or can be assessed by a gold standard instrument. But in practical applications, the misclassification probabilities may not be completely known or the gold standard method can be too costly to be available. The repeated measurement design provides an alternative approach for identifying misclassification probabilities. With this design, a proportion of the subjects are measured repeatedly (five or more repeats) for the genotypes when the error model is completely unknown. We investigate the applications of the repeated measurement method in genetic association analysis. Cost-effectiveness study shows that if the phenotyping-to-genotyping cost ratio or the misclassification rates are relatively large, the repeat sampling can gain power over the regular case-control design. We also show that the power gain is not sensitive to the genetic model, genetic relative risk and the population high-risk allele frequency, all of which are typically important ingredients in association studies. An important implication of this result is that whatever the genetic factors are, the repeated measurement method can be applied if the genotyping errors must be accounted for or the phenotyping cost is high. 相似文献
999.
Regino P. González-Peralta MD Jane W. S. Fang MRCP Gary L. Davis MD Robert G. Gish MD Michinori Kohara PhD Mario U. Mondelli MD Mickey S. Urdea PhD Masashi Mizokami MD Dr. Johnson Y. N. Lau MD 《Digestive diseases and sciences》1995,40(12):2595-2601
To determine the significance of hepatic expression of hepatitis C viral (HCV) antigens, HCV core and NS4 antigens were detected by immunohistochemistry in 46 patients with chronic HCV infection. Serum HCV RNA was quantitated by branched DNA assay in 41 and HCV genotype determined in 30 patients. HCV core and NS4 antigens were detected exclusively in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in 83% and 61% of patients, respectively. There was no correlation between the expression of HCV antigens and clinical, biochemical, histological parameters and HCV genotype. Hepatic expression of HCV antigens was positively associated with serum HCV-RNA levels (P<0.02). At the end of interferon- (IFN) therapy, expression of HCV antigens remained either unchanged or decreased in 11/12 patients studied (undetectable in all four patients who had complete and sustained response). We conclude that hepatic expression of HCV core and NS4 antigens parallels serum HCV-RNA levels and IFN therapy reduces hepatic expression of these viral antigens. 相似文献
1000.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经系统变性疾病,其表型变化与遗传变异因素密切相关。影像基因组学通过将多模态影像表型与基因数据关联,以高通量和非侵入式等特点揭示AD的生理病理过程。本文从AD相关影像学表型、基因组学特征及影像-基因关联各方面对影像基因组学AD研究现状及进展进行综述。 相似文献