临床医学工程学科建设

目前，我国医院临床医学工程学科的发展到了一个新的阶段，除了承担传统的采购、维修、管理等基础工作以外，在用医疗设备质量保证和功能开发、教学、科研、临床培训等成为医院临床医学工程科新开展的，更能体现学科发展时代特征的技术工作和任务，临床医学工程应该作为一个学科来建设和发展。     

优势专科建设的效应

通过本院优势专科第一周期建设中取得的绩效,重点阐述了科研、人才培养、社会效应和经济效应等几个方面,充分体现了优势专科建设的必要性和优越性,明确了今后的目标和任务,重视优势专科建设,促进医院医疗水平再上新台阶.     

GM-CSF基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）基因的重组腺病毒载体，为进一步研究GM-CSF基因在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用提供实验基础。方法：采用PCR方法，从重组质粒pcDNA3．1-GM-CSF扩增出GM-CSF基因片段，通过穿梭质粒pShuttle，将带有CMV启动子的目的片段克隆入Adeno-X腺病毒DNA中，获得重组腺病毒DNA，通过脂质体转染HEK293细胞，经包装扩增后，获得重组腺病毒Adeno-X-GM-CSF，PCR鉴定，ELISA法检测表达产物。结果：含GM-CSF基因的重组腺病毒Adeno-X-GM-CSF构建成功，经PCR鉴定和DNA测序等证实了其正确性，重组腺病毒上清液中GM-CSF表达量达26ng／mL。结论：含GM-CSF基因的重组腺病毒构建成功。     

医疗器械不良事件监测工作的信息化建设

医疗器械不良事件监测工作即将全面展开,建立一个功能强大、科学准确的医疗器械不良事件监测管理信息系统将对这项工作的开展起到良好的推动作用.本文针对目前国内外医疗器械不良事件监测管理工作的现状,提出了在医疗器械不良事件监测和再评价工作中引入信息技术,并从国内外建设现状、项目建设的必要性及项目建设的主要内容和各部分的主要特点几方面进行了阐述,对医疗器械不良事件监测和再评价管理的信息系统建设提出了初步的规划和设想.     

The changing cultural and economic dynamics of polygyny and concurrent sexual partnerships in Iringa,Tanzania

Polygyny has been identified both as a ‘benign’ form of concurrency and as the cultural basis of concurrent partnerships that are considered important drivers of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper investigates the changing cultural and economic dynamics of polygyny in concurrency in Iringa, Tanzania, a region with traditions of polygyny and high prevalence of HIV. Our analysis of focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews indicate that contemporary concurrent partnerships differ from regional traditions of polygyny. Whereas in the past, polygyny reflected men's and their kin group's wealth and garnered additional prestige, polygyny today is increasingly seen as a threat to health, and as leading to poverty. Nevertheless, participants evoked the social prestige of polygyny to explain men's present-day concurrency, even outside the bounds of marriage, and despite continued social prohibitions against extramarital affairs. Difficult economic conditions, combined with this prestige, made it easier for men to engage in concurrency without the considerable obligations to wives and children in polygyny. Local economic conditions also compelled women to seek concurrent partners to meet basic needs and to access consumer goods, but risked greater moral judgement than men, especially if deemed to have excessive ‘desire’ for money.     

卫生法学专业法律诊所教学体系的构建

起源于美国的法律诊所教育以对学生进行法学实践技能教育为目的,在全面培养学生理论联系实际的能力和锻炼各项实用的职业技能方面具有积极作用。我国目前的卫生法学专业在培养学生的实务能力方面存在不足,法律诊所教育对此有较好的弥补作用。因此,本文借鉴美国高校在开展法律诊所教育中积累的专业划分细致、开展校外诊所、注重先期培训、评价机制独特等实践经验,从法律诊所的定位、校内校外双培制、师资队伍的建设、评价机制的确定等方面探讨构建一套科学合理的卫生法学专业法律诊所教学体系。     

医学检验技术专业特色建设的思考

为探讨高职高专检验专业特色建设的思路和措施。分析中原经济建设的发展对检验行业的人才需求和检验工作岗位现状,从完善教学模式、健全制度、优化师资结构、合理配置教学资源等方面提出医学检验专业特色建设相应措施。检验专业特色建设重在提高教学质量,提高系部的内涵建设,培养适应河南医疗卫生事业发展的高素质技能型检验专门人才。     

When people with dementia are perceived as witches. Consequences for patients and nurse education in South Africa

Aims and Objectives

To explore and describe the link between culture and dementia care with the focus on the influence of the belief in dementia as witchcraft and people with dementia as witches.

Background

In South Africa, especially in townships and rural areas, dementia is often perceived as connected to witchcraft rather than to disease. Persons labelled as witches—mostly older women—may be bullied, ostracised, beaten, stoned, burned, even killed.

Method

One strand of findings from a larger international study is presented with in‐depth qualitative interviews of one close family member and seven nurses caring for patients with severe dementia in nursing homes in Tshwane in South Africa. A hermeneutic analytic approach was used.

Results

Two main themes are found, namely “Belief in witchcraft causing fear of persons with dementia” and “Need of knowledge and education.” Fear of and violence towards people with dementia are based on the belief that they are witches. Some of the nurses had also held this belief until they started working with patients with dementia. There is a great need for education both among healthcare workers and the populace.

Discussion

The “witch” belief prevents seeking professional help. As nursing homes tend to be private and expensive, professional dementia care is virtually unattainable for the poor. Dementia needs a more prominent place in nursing curricula. Nurses as educators need to know the local culture and language to be accepted in the various communities. They need to visit families affected by dementia, give awareness talks in churches, schools and clinics and facilitate support groups for carers of people with dementia in the local language.

Conclusion

Improved nurses’ education in gerontology and geriatric care is needed. Trained specialist nurses may work as mediators and help eradicate the witchcraft beliefs connected to severe dementia.