髌骨形态异常与膝关节骨关节炎之间相关性

目的利用计算机辅助测量技术,对一定样本量的甘肃省中医院影像科膝关节X线片进行骨形态测量和相关比值分析研究,得出膝关节相关参数的正常范围,确立膝关节发育缺陷与膝关节骨关节炎之间相关性,找出导致髌股关节骨关节炎的骨性致病因素。方法测量指标:股骨髁宽度、胫骨髁宽度、髌骨宽度、髌骨纵径、髌骨关节面高度、髌骨厚度、髌骨下缘与关节间隙距离、股骨内髁前后径、胫骨平台前后径、髌骨关节面距胫骨平台距离、髌骨中点距股骨纵轴距离,采用SPSS 17.0软件对各有关比值进行处理和分析,采用90%(p5~p95)医学参考范围为正常参考范围描述;计数资料采用χ2检验,设检验水平为0.05,P0.05为差异有显著性意义。结果通过测量136例正常膝关节X线片各骨形态数据及相关比值,以90%医学参考范围为正常范围,得出髌骨厚度/股骨内髁前后径:0.162 362~0.335 135,髌骨纵径/髌骨关节面高度:1.217 105~1.643 902为正常范围。以此标准在481例膝关节骨关节炎病例中,髌骨厚度/股骨内髁前后径异常率6.4%,髌骨纵径/髌骨关节面高度异常率23.5%。结论髌骨偏厚、髌骨偏薄等形态异常在膝骨关节炎中占有一定的比例且女性发病率高于男性。     

Evaluation of the predictive role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis of lymphoma in patients with asymptomatic and ısolated cervical lymphadenopathy

IntroductionThe diagnostic approach to patients with isolated asymptomatic cervical lymphadenopathy varies between excisional biopsy and follow-up. When the anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory and imaging findings are not sufficient to identify the etiology, an excisional biopsy is performed for the differential diagnosis between early-stage lymphoma and infectious or reactive causes. If the excisional biopsy, which may have some complications, is not performed, it may delay the diagnosis of lymphoma. This diagnostic challenge could be avoided by predictive markers.ObjectivesThis study was planned to determine the predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin limphoma in patients with asymptomatic, isolated cervical limphadenopathy and underwent excisional biopsy.MethodsA total of 90 patients between the years 2016 ? 2019 admitted to our clinics due to asymptomatic isolated cervical lymphadenopathy, present in at least 4 weeks with lympho nodes in pathological dimensions persisting in the cervical region, were included to our study. An excisional lympho node biopsy was performed in all 90 patients.ResultsOf the 90 patients who underwent excisional biopsy; 34 were diagnosed as reactive lymphadenopathy 30 were non-Hodgkin linphoma, and 26 were Hodgkin linphoma. A total of 56 (62.2%) patients were diagnosed as lymphoma, either Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin, while 34 patients (38.8%) were diagnosed as reactive lymphadenopathy. The median age, total whiteblood count, neutrophil count of the lymphoma groups were significantly higher than reactive lymphadenopathy group, whereas the lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the lymphoma patients. The median neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio was 1.7 in the reactive lymphadenopathy group, 3.5 in the non-Hodgkin limphoma group, and 3.0 in the Hodgkin limphoma group (p <  0.001).ConclusionAccording to the results of our study, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in patients who were admitted with isolated asymptomatic lymphadenopathy and were diagnosed with lymphoma, and who were diagnosed with early-stage Hodgkin and non- Hodgkin lymphoma compared to those who were found to have reactive lymphadenopathy. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, which is a low-cost, fast and easy-to-access test, has a predictive value in the diagnosis of lymphoma in patients with asymptomatic lymphadenopathy.     

Acrylamide exposure impairs blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function

Previous studies show that chronic acrylamide exposure leads to central and peripheral neu- ropathy. However, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we examined the permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and its ability to secrete transthyretin and transport leptin of rats exposed to acrylamide for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. Transthyretin levels in cerebrospinal fluid began to decline on day 7 after acrylamide exposure. The sodium fluorescein level in cerebrospinal fluid was increased on day 14 after exposure. Evans blue concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was increased and the cerebrospinal fluid/serum leptin ratio was decreased on days 21 and 28 after exposure. In comparison, the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio was increased on day 28 after exposure. Our findings show that acrylamide exposure damages the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and impairs secretory and transport functions. These changes may underlie acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity.     

Neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in focal cerebral infarction：relationship with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor

Neuroprotection by ischemic preconditioning has been confirmed by many studies, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we performed cerebral ischemic pre- conditioning in rats by simulating a transient ischemic attack twice （each a 20-minute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery） before inducing focal cerebral infarction （2 hour occlusion-reper- fusion in the same artery）. We also explored the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. Seven days after ocdusion-reperfusion, tetrazolium chloride staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that the infarct volume was significantly smaller in the group that underwent preconditioning than in the model group. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity was considerably greater in the hippocampal CA3 region of preconditioned rats than model rats. Our results suggest that the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on focal cerebral infarction are associated with upregulation of vascu- lar endothelial growth factor.     

保留肋骨间神经和胸前神经入路对乳腺癌术后并发症及预后的影响

目的 :探讨保留肋骨间神经、胸前神经入路对乳腺癌患者术后并发症及预后的影响。方法:选取2011年1月—2013年1月收治的128例I~Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者为研究对象,根据手术方式将患者分为观察组及对照组各64例,观察组患者采用经胸大肌前入路保留肋骨间神经、胸前神经及胸小肌,对照组采用经胸大肌后方入路不保留肋骨间神经及胸小肌,对比分析2组患者手术情况。术后对患者随访1年,观察并发症发生情况,并采用肿瘤生存质量量表(Q O L)对患者生存质量进行评价。结果:观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、引流时间、总引流量、平均住院时间均少于对照组(P0.05)。随访1年,观察组皮瓣坏死、皮下积液、蜂窝织炎、胸大肌萎缩、腋窝感觉障碍及上臂内侧感染障碍发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后食欲、睡眠、自理能力、心理能力、疾病认识以及总生存质量评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:保留肋间臂神经及胸前神经的乳腺癌改良手术能减少患者术中创伤,降低患者术后并发症发生率,提高患者术后生存质量。     

siRNA沉默HER2对人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1侵袭能力的影响

目的:探讨慢病毒介导的siRNA沉默HER2对人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1侵袭能力的影响。方法:运用HER2基因小干扰RNA(siRNA)的重组慢病毒稳定转染PANC-1细胞,荧光定量RT-PCR和Western blotting观察HER2 mRNA和蛋白表达的改变,体外侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭能力的变化。结果:HER2基因小干扰RNA的重组慢病毒稳定转染PANC-1细胞可显著抑制HER2 mRNA和蛋白表达;体外侵袭实验显示siRNA沉默HER2后,PANC-1细胞侵袭能力明显下降。结论:HER2基因小干扰RNA的重组慢病毒能有效抑制HER2的表达,抑制胰腺癌细胞体外侵袭能力。siRNA沉默HER2可能为预防和治疗胰腺癌的侵袭转移提供一种新的策略。