Electroencephalographic changes in patients with herpes zoster

EEGs of 42 patients with herpes zoster and 6 with herpes zoster-associated encephalitis were studied to characterize the nature and prevalence of EEG abnormalities in apparently uncomplicated herpes zoster. Thirty-one percent of herpes zoster patients had EEG changes with reduced rhythm frequency ranging from 7 to 2 Hz activity. Frontotemporal localization was observed in 54% of the abnormal EEGs. When compared to EEG in herpes zoster associated encephalitis, the findings were qualitatively the same, but tended to be more severe in the encephalitis cases. No effect of acyclovir on the EEG could be demonstrated.     

Cholesterol-based personal risk assessment in coronary heart disease

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) 1976-1980, we demonstrate how cross-sectional total serum cholesterol surveillance data can be used by an individual to assess current and future personal cholesterol risk status. We propose statistical models, based on a person's current measured cholesterol level and the relationship between cross-sectional age and cholesterol percentile estimates, that will allow prediction of future cholesterol levels or the age at which specified cholesterol risk levels will be reached if no cholesterol-altering intervention is taken. These models incorporate the observed variation in the NHANES II data and expected intraperson biological variation and intralaboratory analytical variation. We illustrate the adequacy of the models using data from the longitudinal Framingham Study.     

The comparative evaluation of cellular localization of viral antigens with microscopic changes in the ileum of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea

The correlation between microscopic changes with cellular localization of viral antigens was studied in the ileum of 16 cases infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Microscopic lesions in the ileum included multifocal erosive and ulcerative ileitis, severe congestion and hemorrhage, crypt dilation and mucus engorgement, epithelial debris and leukocytes, lymphoid depletion of Peyer’s patches, herniation of mucosal epithelium into depleted Peyer’s patches, and fibrinoid vasculitis of submucosal vessels. BVDV antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in macrophages, dendritic cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells of crypts, and mucosal epithelium, together with other mononuclear cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts, and intramural ganglial cells. No consistent correlation between the presence of BVDV antigen and vascular lesions in the ileum was identified. The intensity and distribution of the immunoperoxidase stain in the ileum was graded as highly positive (18.7%), moderately positive (56.3%), and mildly positive (25%). In conclusion, the pattern and density of distribution and localization of BVDV antigen in the ileum was not consistently correlated with the severity of microscopic lesions.     

载氧血红蛋白纯化工艺研究

目的改善心脑血管缺氧载氧药物是一种创新药物。由于它半径比红细胞小400~1 000倍,易于通过毛细血管,给缺血组织及时供氧,迅速缓解或纠正缺氧状态,达到治疗抢救目的。血红蛋白的纯化工艺是载氧药物研制的重要工艺步骤。方法本研究建立了一套通过热敏法分离纯化人脐带血血红蛋白的工艺以及较为完善的纯化血红蛋白质量检测指标。结果与现有的纯化方式相比,热敏法操作简便,仪器设备造价低廉,纯化与病毒灭活同时进行,得到的纯化产品损失少,纯度高,各项理化指标达到国际水平。结论本工艺适用于规模制备纯化血红蛋白,为进一步研制治疗心脑血管缺氧载氧药物创造了有利条件。     

汕头市新生儿卡介苗接种质量监测分析

目的分析评价汕头地区新生儿卡介苗接种工作质量；方法对2001-2004年我市四家大医院新生儿卡介苗接种工作记录和质量监控结果记录进行统计，汇总分析。结果2001-2004年，汕头市新生儿卡介苗接种率保持在94．69％以上，12周结素试验阳转率稳定在90．96％以上，卡痕率在97％以上，结素试验平均反应直径、卡痕平均直径指标均比较稳定。结论汕头市区卡介苗接种质量较高。     

Characteristics of Pubertal Growth in Japanese Children from the Standpoint of Skeletal Growth

Since the end of the 2nd World War, Japan has seen quite rapid socioeconomical development. With this development the physical size of Japanese children has increased, but the final size, especially the stature, is still shorter than that of Americans or Europeans. Bone maturation velocities were compared among Japanese and Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 (in 1986) and English TW2-subjects, using the TW2 method. Asian children and adolescents may have a different tempo of skeletal maturation during pubertal growth from that of English children and adolescents. This, probably genetic, difference in the tempo of skeletal maturation, especially that of RUS, between Japanese and English during pubertal growth may be one of the main causes of the final difference in the stature of the two groups.     

山东省1995年脊髓灰质炎监测报告

自１９９１年４月以来，通过对报告的急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例和病人接触者的粪便标本检测，山东省未发现脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒。自１９９２年开始引用世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）的诊断标准，每年均有一定数量的临床确诊脊灰病例。ＷＨＯ提出，分离到野病毒作为唯一的确诊依据，在消灭脊灰后期很有必要。卫生部提出，在ＷＨＯ推荐标准基础上结合专家组诊断意见，能保证临床符合病例具有较高特异性。山东省所有确诊脊灰病例均由专家组诊断，对专家组诊断的临床脊灰病例仍应引起高度重视，以便综合分析是否有野病毒引起的可能。１５岁以下儿童非脊灰ＡＦＰ病例报告发病率已连续３年达到１／１０万的指标，ＡＦＰ病例的粪便标本采集率达到８０．２％，与医院的及时报告率提高有密切关系。受病例麻痹到就诊的时间间隔和其它客观因素的影响，麻痹两周内采集到合格粪便标本的期望比例为９３．５％，市、县两级医院能否及时报告和采便是提高监测系统敏感性和质量的关键。报告ＡＦＰ病例中经省专家组诊查剔除非ＡＦＰ病例１９１例，占报告病例的３１．２％。在强调监测敏感性的同时，也应注意提高监测工作的特异性，以全面提高监测工作的质量。     

Four novel mutations in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl co-transporter gene in Japanese patients with Gitelman's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from inactivating mutations in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl co-transporter (NCCT) gene. To date, almost 90 mutations have been identified. It is possible that there is a population-specific distribution of mutations. In this study, we analysed mutations in the NCCT gene of seven Japanese patients with GS. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with GS, their family members and healthy control subjects. A mutation analysis of the NCCT gene was performed completely by direct automated sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA products. In patients with a deletion or splice site mutation, we undertook cDNA sequence analysis. RESULTS: We identified nine mutations. Five of them [c.185C>T (Thr60Met), c.1712C>T (Ala569Val), c.1930C>T (Arg642Cys), c.2552T>A (Leu849His) and c.1932delC] have been reported in Japanese patients, but not in GS patients from other ethnic groups. The remaining four mutations [c.7A>T (Met1Leu), c.1181_1186+20del26, c.1811_1812delAT and IVS16+1G>A] were novel. In cDNA derived from a patient with c.1181_1186+20del26, a deletion of exon 9 and a frameshift at the start of exon 10 were observed. In cDNA derived from patients with IVS16+1G>A, an additional 96 bp insertion between exons 16 and 17 was observed. Six out of seven patients were compound heterozygotes, and the remaining one carried a single heterozygous mutation. CONCLUSIONS: We found four novel mutations in the NCCT gene in seven Japanese patients with GS. Moreover, our study suggests that the distribution of mutations in the NCCT gene in Japanese GS patients potentially differs from that in other populations.     

1994～2001年广西疾病监测点甲、乙类传染病发病特点分析

目的 通过对广西疾病监测点1994—2001年甲、乙类传染病发病特点进行分析，为广西甲、乙类传染病的防治提供科学的依据和建议。方法 运用Epi Info2000统计软件将监测点1994～2001年甲、乙类传染病报告资料进行整理分析。结果 监测点的报告发病率高于常规疫情，甲、乙类传染病总体发病水平呈下降趋势，农村地区所报病种远多于城市；肠道传染病呈逐年下降，血源及性传播疾病呈上升趋势，肺结核已成为广西高发病种。结论 广西疾病监测工作的建设仍需加强，肠道传染病防治工作不能放松，呼吸道传染病和血源及性传播疾病的控制力度要加强。     

The epidemiology and surveillance of blood lead in Taiwan (R.O.C.): A report on the PRESS-BLL project

 To monitor the lead hazards in industries and to investigate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in lead-exposed workers, a lead surveillance system (PRESS-BLLs) has been established and operated in Taiwan, Republic of China, since July 1993. A cohort of lead-exposed workers who received a periodic annual health examination at 55 accredited hospital laboratories was constructed. A total of 9807 separate BLL measurements were reported to the system in 1994. The mean BLL was 15.8 μg/dl in male workers and 11.6 μg/dl in female workers. The mean BLL of lead-exposed workers was significantly (P<0.05, z-test) higher than that of the general Taiwanese population (8.6 μg/dl for males and 6.7 μg/dl for females). In addition, the BLLs of 983 (10.0%) workers exceeded the regulatory action level (40 μg/dl for males; 30 μg/dl for females). The workplaces and homes of 57% of the workers with elevated BLLs were thoroughly investigated to determine the sources of lead contamination. These actions identified the causes of elevated BLLs and set up strategies to reduce workers’ lead exposure. The establishment of this occupational lead surveillance system represents a method for monitoring of lead hazards from occupational and environmental settings to prevent lead poisoning. The information acquired from the system can help in the setting up of a priority of prevention and the development of control measures. It is also useful for further monitoring of changes in the BLLs of the lead-exposed-worker cohort. The Health Department of Taiwan can use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of current industrial hygiene practice. Subjects with elevated BLLs have been medically treated and placed on long-term follow-up for sequelae. Received: 2 September 1996/Accepted: 29 November 1996