The impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular health behaviors in student veterans

Background and aimsPandemics have previously resulted in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is unclear if the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will be amplified in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease, such as military populations, resulting in augmented cardiovascular events in Veterans. The purpose of this study was to determine if traditional behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease are amplified due to the COVID-19 pandemic and if risk factors are more prevalent in Veterans compared to non-Veterans.Methods and resultsThirty-two student Veterans and 46 non-Veteran students between the ages of 18 and 35 completed a Qualtrics self-report questionnaire assessing health behaviors, physical activity, and mental health both before and during COVID-19. Veterans displayed worse pre-COVID cardiovascular health behaviors such as poor sleep habits, greater use of tobacco, alcohol, and energy drinks, and lower values of social engagement compared to non-Veterans. Many health behaviors remained unchanged in student Veterans during the pandemic. The non-Veteran group exhibited augmentation of cardiovascular health behaviors during COVID-19, shown through the worsening sleep habits, increased anxiety, and reduced physical activity.ConclusionStudent Veterans demonstrate heightened risk for cardiovascular disease based on the pre-COVID elevation of behavioral risk factors. These behavioral factors continued to remain elevated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-Veteran students displayed amplification of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These results highlight the need for resources and interventions for our student veterans and suggest long-term cardiovascular consequences for all students who suffered through the COVID-19 pandemic.     

机关中青年干部高血压患病及相关危险因素分析

目的了解机关中青年(年龄60岁)干部高血压发病率及与相关危险因素关系。方法入选2012年3月~5月在武警总医院健康医学中心进行体检的机关中青年干部538例,其中男性445例,女性93例。将是否患高血压作为因变量,以性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、空腹血糖(FPG)、血尿酸(UA)、血脂指标等做为自变量,进行单因素分析及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果机关中青年干部高血压患病率为17.3%。与血压正常组相比,高血压患者男性构成比,BMI、WC、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、UA及餐后2 h血糖(2h PBG)明显升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);高血压组合并超重/肥胖、糖耐量异常、高胆固醇(TC)血症、高UA血症比例明显增高(P0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,男性(OR=4.24,95%CI:1.47~6.36)、BMI(OR=5.16,95%CI:1.36~5.76),2h PBG(OR=2.73,95%CI:1.31~5.69)、TC(OR=2.03,95%CI:1.02~7.31)是高血压的独立危险因素。结论机关中青年干部高血压患病率较高,男性、BMI、TC及2h PBG是高血压的独立危险因素。     

某医院住院军队老干部慢性心力衰竭情况分析

目的：回顾调查解放军第四一一医院住院军队老干部慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure,CHF）住院诊疗情况,为制订该疾病的医疗保健对策提供相关依据。方法汇总2006－2015年因CHF入住解放军第四一一医院的201例军队老干部病历资料,回顾性分析其病因、诱因、诊断及治疗情况。结果老干部CHF病因排序依次为：冠心病（36．8％）、高血压性心脏病（31.3％）、糖尿病心肌病（12．9％）、肺源性心脏病（10．4％）以及其他（9．5％）;诱因排序依次为：感染（28．4％）、心律失常（23．4％）、治疗依从性差（17．9％）、心肌缺血（13．9％）、血压控制不佳（9．9％）以及其他（6．5％）;血浆脑利钠肽前体水平：86～95岁组高于76～85岁组,76～85岁组高于66～75岁组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;LVEF水平：86～95岁组低于76～85岁组,76～85岁组低于66～75岁组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;用药情况：服用洋地黄、ACEI／ARB、β受体阻滞剂、螺内酯等药物比例分别为：50．2％、49．3％、47．8％、45．8％。结论军队老干部CHF的防治需要进一步关注病因干预、诱因控制、规范治疗以及加强院外的综合管理。     

军队离休老干部的心理问题及护理对策

目的探讨军队离休老干部患者的常见心理问题,制定并实施相应的护理措施。方法收集2011年1月至2013年1月期间,我科住院治疗的离休老干部200例,调查分析其心理特点,制定并实施合理有效的护理方案。结果患者的护理满意度达96.0%,护理后症状自评量表（SCL-90）各项因子评分均显著降低。结论离休老干部患者多存在不同程度的心理问题,护理人员客观准确地评估患者的心理状况,合理实施有效的心理护理措施,能够确保其身心健康,改善其生活质量。     

Diagnostic specificity and mental health service utilization among veterans with newly diagnosed anxiety disorders

Objective

This study examined rates of specific anxiety diagnoses (posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia) and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified (anxiety NOS) in a national sample of Veterans and assessed their mental health service utilization.

Method

This study used administrative data extracted from Veteran Health Administration outpatient records to identify patients with a new anxiety diagnosis in fiscal year 2010 (N = 292,244). Logistic regression analyses examined associations among diagnostic specificity, diagnostic location, and mental health service utilization.

Results

Anxiety NOS was diagnosed in 38% of the sample. Patients in specialty mental health were less likely to receive an anxiety NOS diagnosis than patients in primary care (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36). Patients with a specific anxiety diagnosis were more likely to receive mental health services than those with anxiety NOS (OR = 1.65), as were patients diagnosed in specialty mental health compared with those diagnosed in primary care (OR = 16.29).

Conclusion

Veterans diagnosed with anxiety NOS are less likely to access mental health services than those with a specific anxiety diagnosis, suggesting the need for enhanced diagnostic and referral practices, particularly in primary care settings.     

西藏驻军干部血脂及血尿酸分析

目的通过对常驻西藏地区部分军人干部血脂、血尿酸水平及高血脂、高尿酸血症的检出率进行分析,为制定驻藏干部的健康保健措施提供科学依据。方法对在某院体检的1482例军人干部依年龄和所在海拔高度进行分组,比较各组之间的血脂、血尿酸水平及高血脂、高尿酸血症检出率。结果 1482例中,高血脂524例,高血脂检出率为35.4%;高尿酸血症505例,高尿酸血症检出率为34.1%;随着年龄及海拔高度的增加,血脂、尿酸水平及高血脂、高尿酸血症检出率也明显升高。结论西藏地区驻军干部高血脂及高尿酸血症检出率较高,开展健康教育及增强保健意识对预防和控制相关疾病的发生具有重要意义。     

Posttraumatic stress disorder in OEF/OIF veterans with and without traumatic brain injury

Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) are presenting with high rates of co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical presentations of combat-veterans with PTSD and TBI (N = 40) to those with PTSD only (N = 56). Results suggest that the groups present two distinct clinical profiles, with the PTSD + TBI group endorsing significantly higher PTSD scores, higher overall anxiety, and more functional limitations. The higher PTSD scores found for the PTSD + TBI group appeared to be due to higher symptom intensity, but not higher frequency, across PTSD clusters and symptoms. Groups did not differ on additional psychopathology or self-report of PTSD symptoms or executive functioning. Further analysis indicated PTSD severity, and not TBI, was responsible for group differences, suggesting that treatments implicated for PTSD would likely be effective for this population.     

大学生村官压力及其应对方式调查

目的了解大学生村官的压力及其应对方式状况,为大学生村官的心理健康工作提供依据。方法分组随机抽取某市120名大学生村官进行应对方式调查。结果大学生村官面临着工作压力、社会生活压力、人际关系压力和出路压力。应对方式得分最高的是求助(0.7175)和解决问题(0.6868),解决问题和求助在家庭经济状况上存在显著差异(F=71.381,11.527;P<0.01),在性别上不存在显著差异(t=0.176,-0.054;P>0.05),在专业上不存在显著差异(t=0.703,0.417;P>0.05)。结论大学生村官大多采用解决问题、求助等成熟型应对方式,家庭经济状况较好的大学生村官更为明显。     

军队离退休干部原发性高血压发病率及防治情况调查

目的:调查军队离退休干部原发性高血压的发病和防治情况。方法:对1160名59~81岁的军队干休所系统老干部采取随机抽样逐个调查。结果:军队离退休干部原发性高血压的发病率、服药率、控制率和知晓率分别为49.1%、94.6%、62.3%和45.1%。结论:军队离退休干部原发性高血压的发病率高于全国60岁以上人群患原发性高血压的平均水平(40.4%)。原发性高血压的预防和治疗应作为老干部保健工作的主要内容并引起足够重视。