多层螺旋CT定量评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)定量评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情的价值。方法选取2017年8月～2018年7月在湖州市第一人民医院就诊的73例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者作为研究对象,按照病情轻重分为Ⅰ组(轻度患者17例)、Ⅱ组(中度患者32例)、Ⅲ组(重度患者24例),并选取同期于该院体检的健康者20例为对照组。所有研究对象均行MSCT低剂量扫描,观察比较各组管腔面积(Ai)、支气管壁面积百分比(WA%)、管壁厚度与体表面积比值(T/BSA)、壁厚度与直径比值(TDR),同时予以肺功能检查,采用定量CT气道分析软件分别测量气道相关参数,并用Siemens Pulmo软件Pearson定量分析其相关性。结果对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的FEV1均呈逐渐下降趋势,FEV1/FVC呈逐渐上升趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的WA%、T/BSA、TDR比较,均呈逐渐上升趋势,Ai呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。FEV1与WA%、TDR之间呈负相关(r=-0.291,P=0.000;r=-0.473,P=0.000),FEV1/FVC与WA%、TDR之间呈正相关(r=0.285,P=0.000;r=0.472,P=0.000)。结论 MSCT扫描及定量分析可为COPD患者气道病变情况提供可靠的评估信息。     

Understanding the Influence of Nanocarrier-Mediated Brain Delivery on Therapeutic Performance Through Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling

This study aimed at evaluating how encapsulation in a regular nanocarrier (NC) (providing extended circulation time) or in a brain-targeting NC (providing prolonged circulation time and increased brain uptake) may influence the therapeutic index compared with the unformulated drug and to explore the key parameters affecting therapeutic performance using a model-based approach. Pharmacokinetic (PK) models were built with chosen PK parameters. For a scenario where central effect depends on area under the unbound brain concentration curve and peripheral toxicity relates to peak unbound plasma concentration, dose-effect and drug-side effect curves were constructed, and the therapeutic index was evaluated. Regular NC improved the therapeutic index compared with the unformulated drug due to reduced peripheral toxicity, while brain-targeting NC enhanced the therapeutic index by lowering peripheral toxicity and increasing central effect. Decreasing drug release rate or systemic clearance of NC with drug still encapsulated could increase the therapeutic index. Also, a drug with shorter half-life would therapeutically benefit more from a NC encapsulation. This work provides insights into how a NC for brain delivery should be optimized to maximize the therapeutic performance and is helpful to predict if and to what extent a drug with certain PK properties would obtain therapeutic benefit from nanoencapsulation.     

Same-Day Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Feasibility with Resin Microspheres

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of a same-day yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization protocol with resin microspheres (including pretreatment angiography, lung shunt fraction [LSF] determination, and radioembolization) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases.

华细辛和北细辛HPLC特征图谱识别与抗炎靶点及抗炎成分分析

建立华细辛和北细辛HPLC特征图谱并结合聚类分析研究2种来源细辛的识别方法;应用网络药理学方法预测细辛潜在抗炎靶点并寻找潜在抗炎成分。对89批细辛药材(12批华细辛和77批北细辛)的数据进行分析确定了11个特征峰,用对照品、紫外光谱和LC-MS指认了11个特征成分。特征峰面积聚类分析显示华细辛和北细辛被分为2类,且利用特征峰面积比值可实现两者区分,当特征峰9(细辛素)/参照峰S(卡枯醇)峰面积比值大于5时为华细辛,小于2时为北细辛。对119种细辛成分进行网络药理学分析的结果表明细辛抗炎作用可能与COX-2,COX-1,iNOS,MAPK14,LAT4H,NR3C1,PPARG和TNF等8个靶点相关,其中COX-2最为关键,与5种特征成分细辛脂素、芝麻脂素、细辛素、甲基丁香酚和黄樟醚均存在相互作用。此外,细辛脂素、芝麻脂素与iNOS,MAPK14也存在相互作用关系,黄樟醚和细辛素可作用于iNOS,COX-1,LAT4H,甲基丁香酚可作用于COX-1,LAT4H。细辛脂素与芝麻脂素均可作用在COX-2,iNOS和MAPK143个靶点上,提示它们是细辛发挥抗炎作用的活性成分;COX-2分子对接结果和COX-2活性实验结果验证了细辛脂素、芝麻脂素可抑制COX-2活性,为细辛抗炎作用活性成分。基于HPLC特征图谱的华细辛和北细辛识别方法简便易行;预测到的细辛抗炎靶点和抗炎成分为完善细辛质量评价体系奠定了基础。     

Hacia el buen gobierno por la salud: incorporación de la diversidad de percepciones en salud urbana

ObjectiveTo analyse the similarities and differences in the discourse surrounding the conceptualisation of health and the perceived health assets and needs in the neighborhoods and city of Bilbao in a participatory process.MethodParticipatory workshops were held with professionals, neighbors and associated citizens. The differences in perceptions of the three content blocks were analysed on the basis of the health model referred, as well as the typologies —of a more individual or structural nature— of identified health needs and assets.ResultsThe conceptualisation of health from a biopsychosocial perspective was clearer among professionals, although both profiles pointed to the importance of its social determinants. The formulation of needs and assets in health by the neighbors was made from the impact on their daily life and from a position of users with respect to a service provider administration. Among the associated citizens and professionals, intermediate and structural determinants were more frequently mentioned, as well as issues related to the administration's scope of action.ConclusionsThe inclusion of the multiplicity and diversity of perceptions in planning is key to good local government for health. To address their contradictions, a commitment by governments to effectively incorporate citizen participation is needed.     

VIROLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF RABIES IN BATS FROM AN URBAN AREA IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

The outbreaks of rabies in humans transmitted by Desmodus rotundus in 2004 and 2005, in the northeast of the Brazilian State of Para, eastern Amazon basin, made this a priority area for studies on this zoonosis. Given this, the present study provides data on this phenomenon in an urban context, in order to assess the possible circulation of the classic rabies virus (RABV) among bat species in Capanema, a town in the Amazon basin. Bats were collected, in 2011, with mist nets during the wet and dry seasons. Samples of brain tissue and blood were collected for virological and serological survey, respectively. None of the 153 brain tissue samples analyzed tested positive for RABV infection, but 50.34% (95% CI: 45.67-55.01%) of the serum samples analyzed were seropositive. Artibeus planirostris was the most common species, with a high percentage of seropositive individuals (52.46%, 95% CI: 52.31 52.60%). Statistically, equal proportions of seropositive results were obtained in the rainy and dry seasons (c² = 0.057, d.f. = 1, p = 0.88). Significantly higher proportions of males (55.96%, 95% CI: 48.96-62.96%) and adults (52.37%, 95% CI: 47.35-57.39%) were seropositive. While none of the brain tissue samples tested positive for infection, the high proportion of seropositive specimens indicates that RABV may be widespread in this urban area.