Effects of cueing on visuospatial processing in unilateral spatial neglect

Patients with typical left unilateral spatial neglect bisected lines after cueing to the left end-point, the fixation point being monitored with an eye camera. They persisted with the point of initial fixation made after cueing and placed the mark there without searching leftwards again. The rightward shift of fixation to the initial point of fixation thus determined the location of the subjective midpoint. We consider that rightward attentional bias increased the amplitude of this shift that was planned on the basis of the perception of the whole line while cueing. This hypothesis may explain smaller but obvious rightward bisection errors found in the cueing condition.     

下颌骨侧位摄影X线中心线倾斜角度与垫板倾斜角度关系之探讨

目的探讨下颌骨侧位摄影分别采用一倾斜角度为α的垫板及未采用时，X线中心线倾斜角度各为β、γ之间的关系，为更简捷地拍好下颌骨提供理论参数和实践依据。方法立足于教科书，运用X线摄影原则与数学几何原理进行推理演绎。结果二者之间存在着可替换的关系，即γ=α＋β，可以大胆地去除垫板进行直接拍摄。结论不用垫板，只需通过增大X线中心线倾斜角度的方法，同样也能拍摄出一张好照片，且可操作性强，简便易行，实际使用价值更大。     

Behavioral characteristics of rat lines selected for differential hypothermic responses to cholinergic or serotonergic agonists

The present review will describe the formation of two pharmacologically selected lines of rats, their behavioral phenotypes, their responses to select drugs, their possible neurochemical correlates, and their use to detect the therapeutic potential of antidepressant drugs. The Flinders Line rats were established at Flinders University in Australia by selectively breeding for differential responses to an anticholinesterase agent from outbred Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats were more sensitive to the hypothermic and behavioral suppressing effects of this agent than the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. The 8-OH-DPAT line rats were established at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill by selectively breeding for differential hypothermic responses to the 5-HT_1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT; the high DPAT sensitive (HDS) line rats were more sensitive to the hypothermic effects of 8-OH-DPAT than the low DPAT sensitive (LDS) line rats. Studies of these two pairs of lines have indicated that the FSL and HDS rats are both more susceptible to stress-induced behavioral disturbances. Their usefulness in detecting potential antidepressant drugs and the relationship between mood disorders and drug abuse will be discussed.     

基于冷冻切片的人体腰椎三维有限元模型

目的利用上海交通大学生命质量与机械工程研究所自主开发的冷冻切片处理软件CryoSegmemation提取人体骨骼的边缘,利用逆向工程软件Imageware建立骨骼的面模型,在ANSYS中建立人体腰椎的三维有限元模型。方法利用第三军医大学的第一例男性冷冻切片数据进行图像处理,截面轮廓线信息处理。结果准确快速地建立了完全符合人体解剖特征的腰椎三维有限元模型。结论利用该研究所自主开发的冷冻切片软件和一些现有的商用软件可以准确、快速地建立人体腰椎的三维面模型、体模型及有限元模型,为航空、车辆、船舶、生物医学工程等不同的领域进行数值模拟计算和动力学仿真提供完全符合人体解剖学特征的原始模型。     

Agreement between CBNAAT,liquid culture and line probe assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and anti-tubercular drug resistance in extrapulmonary samples

PurposeCartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) has been endorsed by the WHO as the screening test for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). In the present study we report the agreement between CBNAAT (Xpert MTB/RIF), liquid culture (LC) and line probe assay (LPA) for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and detection of drug resistance among EPTB cases.MethodsThe EP samples were subjected to CBNAAT (Xpert MTB/RIF, Cepheid, USA) and wherever possible, to LC (MGIT 960, Becton Dickinson, USA) followed sequentially by first line and second line-LPA (FL-LPA, SL-LPA, Hain Lifescience, Germany) on the isolates.ResultsTotal 566/4080 (13.9%) EP samples were detected positive for M. tuberculosis on CBNAAT. Aspirates from lymph nodes were most often positive (11/30; 36.6%), followed by pus (240/873; 27.5%) and CSF samples (166/104; 15.8%). The detection of M. tuberculosis was more in adults than children except in tissue biopsy samples. Rifampicin resistance was also higher among adults except CSF in which resistance was more in children. Total 185 of 566 (32.7%) CBNAAT positive and 770 of 3510 (21.9%) CBNAAT negative samples could be cultured of which 110/185 (59.4%) and 33/770 (4.3%) respectively turned positive. FL-LPA and SL-LPA of 143 culture isolates showed that 27 isolates had drug resistance, of which 3 (2.1%) were XDR, 11 (7.7%) were Pre-XDR (FQ) and 13 (9.1%) were MDR. Of these 27 resistant isolates, 12 were negative by CBNAAT and two were mislabeled as Rifampicin sensitive or indeterminate based on the unique RpoB gene mutation patterns on LPA. The positive and negative agreements between LC and CBNAAT for detection of M. tuberculosis were 67.1% and 92.7% respectively and between LPA and CBNAAT for rifampicin resistance detection were 98.9% and 92.9% respectively.ConclusionsFor EPTB, CBNAAT should be accompanied with LC wherever possible irrespective of the CBNAAT result.     

肝癌细胞纤维肌动蛋白的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜光学切片观察

目的：建立培养细胞共聚焦激光扫描显微镜光学切片的方法。探讨肝癌细胞纤维肌动蛋白（F-actin)的空间结构。方法：采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜光学切片技术结合异硫酸氢荧光素-鬼笔环肽（FTTC-phalloidin)标记纤维肌动蛋白和碘化丙啶（PI）标记细胞核的荧光探针双重标记技术对肝癌细胞纤维肌动蛋白进行形态学观察和图像分析。结果：肝癌细胞内纤维肌动蛋白微丝形成束状纤维。粗壮而密集,平行排列或纵横交错成网状贯穿整个细胞和细胞突起。结论：（1）共聚焦激光扫描显微镜的光学切片技术结合FTTC-phalloidin和PI荧光探针双重标记技术是观察和分析细胞骨架系统三维立体结构的良好方法;（2）肝癌细胞内纤维肌动蛋白微丝粗壮、形成束状或网状结构。     

三阴性乳腺癌细胞脂肪非典型钙黏蛋白4表达下调的生物学作用及机制

背景与目的 三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）容易发生侵袭转移,恶性程度极高。笔者团队前期研究发现脂肪非典型钙黏蛋白4（FAT4）在TNBC组织中呈低表达且与预后相关,进而本研究进一步探讨FAT4对TNBC细胞生物学行为的影响,及其相关机制。方法 用qRT-PCR及Western blot检测正常人乳腺上皮细胞系（MCF-10A）及不同TNBC细胞系（BT-549、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-468、MDA-MB-436）中FAT4的表达水平。选择其中合适的TNBC细胞系,分别转染FAT4-shRNA（FAT4敲低组）、阴性对照序列（阴性对照组）,以未处理的TNBC细胞为空白对照组,分别采用CCK-8实验、流式细胞术、Transwell小室实验检测细胞增殖能力、凋亡率、侵袭与转移能力的变化,并用Western blot检细胞中Hippo信号通路下游靶点YAP及上皮间质转化（EMT）相关蛋白的变化。结果 与正常人乳腺上皮细胞比较,各TNBC细胞系中FAT4的mRNA与蛋白表达量均不同程度的降低（均P<0.05）。功能实验选用BT-549细胞和MDA-MB-436细胞。无论在BT-549细胞或MDA-MB-436细胞中,与空白对照组比较,FAT4敲低组在转染后24、48、72 h的增殖能力均明显升高、凋亡率明显降低、侵袭与转移能力明显增强（均P<0.05）;YAP蛋白表达量无明显变化（P>0.05）,但磷酸化YAP（p-YAP）表达量明显降低,上皮标志物E-cadherin水平明显降低,而间质标志物N-cadherin水平明显升高（均P<0.05）;阴性对照组与空白对照组间以上指标差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论 FAT4表达水平在TNBC细胞中普遍降低,FAT4表达的降低能增强TNBC细胞增殖和侵袭迁移能力、减少TNBC细胞凋亡,其机制可能与FAT4降低后Hippo信号通路下游的YAP蛋白磷酸化减少,从而促进EMT进程有关。