Primary ciliary dyskinesia with CCDC39 variants displaying specific ciliary ultrastructure and movement concordant with the genotype: A case report

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disease with chronic airway infection and inflammation caused by ciliary ultrastructural defects and impairment in ciliary function.We present an adult case of PCD with compound heterozygous nonsense variants in CCDC39. The ciliary ultrastructure findings using electron microscopy and ciliary movement using high-speed video analysis matched the genotype. This is the first case report of PCD with CCDC39 variants in Japan demonstrating specific ciliary ultrastructure and movement related to the genotype.     

反流性食管炎及非糜烂性胃食管反流病超微结构比较

目的研究反流性食管炎与非糜烂性胃食管反流病（NERD）超微结构的特点。方法随机选取反流性疾病诊断问卷调查评分（Sc）在12分以上的13例患者，经胃镜检查7例诊断反流性食管炎（A组），6例诊断NERD（B组），两组患者均取食管病理组织行透射电镜检查，其中7例患者行食管测压和24h食管pH监测检查。结果反流性疾病诊断问卷提示A、B两组患者症状评分差别无统计学意义；24h食管pH监测A组患者较B组患者存在较多的病理性酸反流；而A、B两组患者食管鳞状上皮细胞间隙增宽程度接近。结论胃食管反流患者均存在不同程度细胞间隙增宽，细胞间隙增宽可能导致NERD患者对生理性酸反流的高敏感性。     

Occurrence and transmission efficiencies of Borrelia burgdorferi ospC types in avian and mammalian wildlife

Borrelia burgdorferi s.s., the bacterium that causes Lyme disease in North America, circulates among a suite of vertebrate hosts and their tick vector. The bacterium can be differentiated at the outer surface protein C (ospC) locus into 25 genotypes. Wildlife hosts can be infected with a suite of ospC types but knowledge on the transmission efficiencies of these naturally infected hosts to ticks is still lacking. To evaluate the occupancy and detection of ospC types in wildlife hosts, we adapted a likelihood-based species patch occupancy model to test for the occurrence probabilities (ψ – “occupancy”) and transmission efficiencies (ε – “detection”) of each ospC type. We detected differences in ospC occurrence and transmission efficiencies from the null models with HIS (human invasive strains) types A and K having the highest occurrence estimates, but both HIS and non-HIS types having high transmission efficiencies. We also examined ospC frequency patterns with respect to strains known to be invasive in humans across the host species and phylogenetic groups. We found that shrews and to a lesser extent, birds, were important host groups supporting relatively greater frequencies of HIS to non-HIS types. This novel method of simultaneously assessing occurrence and transmission of ospC types provides a powerful tool in assessing disease risk at the genotypic level in naturally infected wildlife hosts and offers the opportunity to examine disease risk at the community level.     

Executive summary of the Consensus Statement of the Transplant Infection Study Group (GESITRA) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and the National Transplant Organization (ONT) on the Selection Criteria of Donors of Solid Organs in relation to Infectious Diseases

The immunosuppressive treatment that recipients receive from a solid organ transplantation hinders the defensive response to infection. Its transmission from the donor can cause dysfunction or loss of the graft and even death of the recipient if proper preventive measures are not established. This potential risk should be thoroughly evaluated to minimise the risk of infection transmission from donor to recipient, especially with organ transplantation from donors with infections, without increasing graft dysfunction and morbidity and mortality in the recipient. This document aims to review current knowledge about infection screening in potential donors and offer clinical and microbiological recommendations about the use of organs from donors with infection based on available scientific evidence.     

Comprehensive Survey to Study Awareness,Knowledge and Attitude Towards HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B Amongst Dental Professionals Working in Rural India

Introduction

Thirty years into the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic, social and behavioral research on HIV/AIDS remains limited. Data on sexual behavior and AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes are sparse and difficult to compare. The present survey aims primarily towards acquiring unique source of information from health professionals in rural population in order to document AIDS and hepatitis B awareness. The Surveys is an attempt to contain a wealth of data on HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B which until now was not disseminated to rural audience.

Materials and Methods

Pre-formed questionnaire of 45 questions will be given to all dental professionals, practicing in rural sector, willing to participate in study. Instructions will be given regarding filling the questionnaire. All participants requested to complete the questionair with best of their knowledge and without any assistance. Questionnair were completed in front of author and collected back personally.

Conclusions

The outcomes of the present study, it is clear that our efforts in the last two decades in spreading the knowledge about the disease have met with some limited success. The fact that increasing number of cases of HIV/AIDS are being reported from rural parts, there is certainly a need to reorient the ongoing training programmes towards rural population.     

传动直丝弓技术矫治骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）畸形的初步研究

目的 探讨传动直丝弓技术治疗骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）畸形的特点.方法 20例经传动直丝弓技术治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）畸形患者,分析其治疗前后的头颅定位侧位片,评价患者矫治前后软硬组织的变化,总结传动矫正技术的特点.结果 与矫治前对比,矫治患者侧貌和咬合关系有明显改观.矫治后的Wits值由（-2.45±1.78） mm改善为（-1.13±0.92）mm,ANB角由（-1.25±1.63）°增大为（0.78±2.79）°,矫治前后的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.矫治后患者上、下唇突点到SnPg’平面的距离之差由（-3.38±1.48）mm变为（2.09±1.55） mm,面型角由（2.75±1.47）°变为（7.51±1.87）°,矫治前后的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 传动直丝弓技术是治疗骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）畸形的有效手段.     

艾滋病感染者分类管理策略实施前后传播风险的流行病学特征分析

目的了解浙江省宁波市艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)分类管理策略实施前后传播风险的流行病学特征。方法2017年11月底,对现住址在宁波市的在访HIV/AIDS进行为期1年的随访研究,定期开展传播风险评估,针对传播风险不同实施分类管理策略,分析人口学特征、风险评估结果、行为学特征、性病感染情况以及抗病毒治疗情况等数据。结果共有2905例HIV/AIDS纳入研究。经过1年的分类管理策略实施,HIV/AIDS高传播风险比例从11.74%降低至5.23%(χ^2=66.786,P<0.05)。除20岁以下年龄组、小学以下文化程度和吸毒传播的HIV/AIDS高传播风险比例无明显下降外(P>0.05),其他人群的高传播风险比例均显著下降(P<0.05)。通过分类管理策略的实施,高传播风险的HIV/AIDS发生性行为比例、多性伴的比例和未使用安全套比例显著降低(P<0.05),梅毒阳性比例显著降低(P<0.05),未接受抗病毒治疗比例和病毒载量≥400拷贝/ml比例显著降低(P<0.05)。结论宁波市分类管理策略能够有效减少高传播风险HIV/AIDS的比例,降低高传播风险HIV/AIDS的多性伴高危性行为和性病感染比例。应进一步加强HIV/AIDS的随访管理工作以及高传播风险的HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗动员和转介工作,减少传播。     

Prevalence and Quantity of Parvovirus B19 DNA Among Blood Donors from a Regional Blood Center in Turkey

ObjectiveParvovirus B19 causes a range of diseases and morbidity in humans and is transmissible by transfusion of blood, blood components and plasma derivatives. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence and quantity of B19 DNA among blood donors. Method: Totally 1053 samples were collected from March to July 2016 at a blood bank for detection of Parvovirus B19 DNA and serological status of blood donors. Testing of the presence of viral DNA was performed by a quantitative real-time PCR with a 101 copies/ml detection limit. All DNA positive and randomly selected 267 samples were tested for the presence of anti-B19 IgM and IgG by ELISA.ResultsAge distribution of donors was between 18-64; mean age was 27 and median was 23. Among the 1053 samples, 5 (0.47%) had PB19 DNA. All PB19 DNA positive donations had both B19 IgM and IgG antibodies. The DNA level for positive donations were between 0.9 × 102 to 3.1 × 104 copies/ml. IgG and IgM were present in 59.9% (160/267) and 0,74% (2/267) respectively among the healthy donors without PB19 DNA.ConclusionDetected DNA concentration was less than 105 copies/ml. The presence of IgM in low level PB19 DNA positive donors may indicate that there might be a risk in transmission of PB19 to particularly immunosuppressed recipients. The clinical follow-up of blood donation with low level of PB19DNA should be considered to answer the questions about blood safety.     

Platelet-rich plasma with keratinocytes and fibroblasts enhance healing of full-thickness wounds

Advances in tissue engineering led to the development of various tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESS) for the treatment of skin injuries. The majority of the autologous TESS required lengthy and costly cell expansion process to fabricate. In this study, we determine the possibility of using a low density of human skin cells suspended in platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-enriched medium to promote the healing of full-thickness skin wounds. To achieve this, full-thickness wounds of size 1.767 cm² were created at the dorsum part of nude mice and treated with keratinocytes (2 × 10⁴ cells/cm²) and fibroblasts (3 × 10⁴ cells/cm²) suspended in 10% PRP-enriched medium. Wound examination was conducted weekly and the animals were euthanized after 2 weeks. Gross examination showed that re-epithelialization was fastest in the PRP+cells group at both day 7 and 14, followed by the PRP group and NT group receiving no treatment. Only the PRP+cells group achieved complete wound closure by 2 weeks. Epidermal layer was presence in the central region of the wound of the PRP+cells and PRP groups but absence in the NT group. Comparison between the PRP+cells and PRP groups showed that the PRP+cells-treated wound was more mature as indicated by the presence of thinner epidermis with single cell layer thick basal keratinocytes and less cellular dermis. In summary, the combination of low cell density and diluted PRP creates a synergistic effect which expedites the healing of full-thickness wounds. This combination has the potential to be developed as a rapid wound therapy via the direct application of freshly harvested skin cells in diluted PRP.