短暂性脑缺血发作溶栓治疗的早期疗效与ABCD~2评分的关系

目的观察小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的早期疗效和安全性,并探讨ABCD2评分与溶栓治疗效果的关系。方法 40例接受溶栓治疗的TIA患者为观察组,给予50万U尿激酶溶栓治疗,观察治疗后1周TIA发作次数、急性脑梗死和出血性疾病发生率,并与40例未溶栓治疗的TIA患者对照分析。采用ABCD2评分法将患者分为低危组、中危组和高危组,比较各亚组疗效差异。结果观察组TIA发作次数为(1.16±0.34)次,急性脑梗死发生率为2.5%,均显著低于对照组的(3.42±1.86)次和15%(P<0.05),而出血性疾病发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组各亚组间TIA发作次数和急性脑梗死发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而对照组内随危险度升高,TIA发作次数明显增加(F=10.406,P<0.05),且高危组急性脑梗死发生率显著高于低危和中危组(χ2=8.550,P<0.05)。结论 TIA患者早期溶栓治疗能减少发作次数,降低急性脑梗死风险,尤其是对于高危患者,疗效更为显著。     

Impact of time to therapy and reperfusion modality on the efficacy of adenosine in acute myocardial infarction: the AMISTAD-2 trial.

AIMS: The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether the efficacy of adenosine vs. placebo was dependent on the timing of reperfusion therapy in the second Acute Myocardial Infarction Study of Adenosine (AMISTAD-II). METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients presenting with ST-segment elevation anterior AMI were randomized to receive placebo vs. adenosine (50 or 70 microg/kg/min) for 3 h starting within 15 min of reperfusion therapy. In the present post hoc hypothesis generating study, the results were stratified according to the timing of reperfusion, i.e. > or = or < the median 3.17 h, and by reperfusion modality. In patients receiving reperfusion < 3.17 h, adenosine compared with placebo significantly reduced 1-month mortality (5.2 vs. 9.2%, respectively, P = 0.014), 6-month mortality (7.3 vs. 11.2%, P = 0.033), and the occurrence of the primary 6-month composite clinical endpoint of death, in-hospital CHF, or rehospitalization for CHF at 6 months (12.0 vs. 17.2%, P = 0.022). Patients reperfused beyond 3 h did not benefit from adenosine. CONCLUSION: In this post hoc analysis, 3 h adenosine infusion administered as an adjunct to reperfusion therapy within the first 3.17 h onset of evolving anterior ST-segment elevation AMI enhanced early and late survival, and reduced the composite clinical endpoint of death or CHF at 6 months.     

Survival of patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a developing country – patient characteristics and predictors of mortality

There is paucity of outcomes data on patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy (FT) for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Indo-Asians. We conducted this study to determine survival as well as correlates of mortality in this population. Hospital charts of 230 patients receiving FT for acute STEMI between January 2002 and December 2004 were reviewed. Primary outcome variable was total mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed. At a median follow-up of 717 days, 13.5% died, majority (23) during the in-hospital period. Multivariate predictors of mortality included (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) age (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.13), ejection fraction (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.97), admission white cell count (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04) and change in ST-segment elevation (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99). We conclude that patients receiving FT for acute STEMI in Pakistan are a relatively high-risk group with a 10% in-hospital mortality and high frequency of recurrent events. Comparison data with primary angioplasty as an alternative strategy are needed.     

小剂量尿激酶治疗肺栓塞的临床观察

目的评价小剂量尿激酶治疗肺栓塞的安全性和有效性。方法26例急性肺栓塞呼吸困难明显但无血液动力学异常的患者，进行小剂量的尿激酶静脉溶栓。结果26例中15例显效，占57．69％；5例有效，占19．23％；6例无效，占23．07％。结论小剂量尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗可以较快地改善患者的症状，缩短住院时间，而且安全。     

Study of clinical profile and management of patients with pulmonary embolism – Single center study

Objective

To study the clinical profile, diagnostic methods and management in patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods

Retrospective assessment of clinical features and management of patients presenting with symptomatic pulmonary embolism from January 2005 to March 2012.

Results

35 patients who were newly diagnosed to have pulmonary embolism with a mean age of 52.1 years were included in the study. Dyspnea (91.4%) and syncope (22.8%) were the predominant symptoms. Echocardiography was done in all patients. 30 patients (85.7%) had pulmonary arterial hypertension, 31 patients (88.5%) had evidence of RV dysfunction and 4 patients (16.7%) had evidence of thrombus in PA, RV. Out of 35 patients, 34 patients (97.14%) showed positive d-dimer reports. Among 35 patients, 24 (68.5%) had positive troponin values. V/Q scan was done in 14 patients (40%) and CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) was done in 24 patients (68.5%.). Thrombolysis was done is 24 patients (68.5%). All patients received low molecular weight heparin followed by warfarin. Of the 35 patients, 34 (97.1%) were discharged and were under regular follow up for 6 months and one patient died during the hospital stay.

Conclusion

Pulmonary embolism is a common problem and can be easily diagnosed provided it is clinically suspected. Early diagnosis and aggressive management is the key to successful outcome.     

The central role of conventional 12-lead ECG for the assessment of microvascular obstruction after percutaneous myocardial revascularization

Guidelines report that the optimal treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) when performed timely by trained operators. Yet, the reopening of the infarct-related artery (IRA) is not always followed by myocardial reperfusion. This phenomenon is most commonly called “no-reflow”, is caused by microvascular obstruction (MVO) and is associated to a worse outcome. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial for the diagnosis of STEMI, but is also useful for the assessment of MVO. In this review we summarize ECG-derived parameters associated to MVO and their prognostic relevance.     

Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase remains the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Although IVT can be started up to 4.5 hours after symptoms’ onset, it is all the more effective and safe when started early. It allows a 10% absolute reduction in the risk of handicap or death at 3 months, despite a 2–7% risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Current research efforts involve firstly trying to treat a larger proportion of patients by overcoming some of the contraindications to IVT and secondly assessing combined or alternative treatments to achieve a higher early recanalization rate.