“翻山鞘”联合大腔导管抽吸技术在下肢深静脉血栓中的应用

目的：探讨“翻山鞘”联合大腔导管抽吸技术治疗下肢深静脉血栓方法与疗效。方法回顾分析28例下肢深静脉血栓患者先行下腔静脉滤器植入,而后采取“翻山鞘”联合大腔导管抽吸治疗下肢深静脉血栓,配合导管溶栓及抗凝。结果28例患者“翻山鞘”全部跨越髂静脉分叉,进入患侧髂外静脉。本组显效16例;有效10例,无效2例,术后无并发症出现。结论下肢深静脉血栓通过“翻山鞘”联合大腔导管抽吸技术治疗取得了满意的疗效,节约手术时间,降低手术风险。     

Safety and Efficacy of Low Dosage of Urokinase for Catheter-directed Thrombolysis of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Background:

Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) has been a mainstay in treating deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, the optimal dosage of a thrombolytic agent is still controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low dosage urokinase with CDT for DVT.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed using data from a total of 427 patients with DVT treated with CDT in our single center between July 2009 and December 2012. Early efficacy of thrombolysis was assessed with a thrombus score based on daily venography. The therapeutic safety was evaluated by adverse events. A venography or duplex ultrasound was performed to assess the outcome at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

The mean total dose of 3.34 (standard deviation [SD] 1.38) million units of urokinase was administered during a mean of 5.18 (SD 2.28) days. Prior to discharge, Grade III (complete lysis) was achieved in 154 (36%) patients; Grade II (50–99% lysis) in 222 (52%); and Grade I (50% lysis) in 51 (12%). The major complications included one intracranial hemorrhage, one hematochezia, five gross hematuria, and one pulmonary embolism. Moreover, no death occurred in the study.

Conclusions:

Treatment of low-dose catheter-directed thrombosis is an efficacious and safe therapeutic approach in patients with DVT offering good long-term outcomes and minimal complications.     

Therapeutic Potential of Monteplase in Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Powerful Thrombolytic Agent for Pretreatment of Coronary Intervention

Thrombolysis with conventional thrombolytic agents followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) had no impact on the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the development of mutant type plasminogen activator (mt‐PA) has prompted us to reassess the combination of thrombolysis and PCI. Monteplase (Eisai, Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) is a newly developed mt‐PA that can be administrated as a single intravenous bolus injection. We initiated a clinical trial [Combining Monteplase with Angioplasty (COMA)] to evaluate the effectiveness of monteplase followed by PCI. The AMI patients were randomly assigned to receive PCI following pretreatment with a single bolus intravenous injection of monteplase or direct PCI without monteplase. The initial coronary angiography prior to PCI showed that 36.2% of patients in the monteplase group achieved Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow in the infarct‐related artery, compared with in only 7.9% of patients in the direct PCI group (P < 0.0001). During 24 months following PCI, major cardiac events occurred in 27.7% of patients in the monteplase + PCI group, and in 46.7% of patients in the direct PCI group without monteplase (P < 0.05). Thus, the ideal strategy for the treatment of AMI is the administration of monteplase upon arrival at a community hospital with a prompt transfer to a tertiary center for PCI.     

Nonroutine Use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Myocardial Infarction With Successful and Unsuccessful Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objectives

The authors sought to compare outcomes of patients with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (CS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with or without intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support according to final epicardial flow in the infarct-related artery.

肠系膜静脉血栓形成的临床特点分析

目的分析急性肠系膜静脉血栓(acute mesenteric venous thrombosis,AMVT)和慢性肠系膜静脉血栓(chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis,CMVT)的临床特点。方法对首都医科大学附属友谊医院1980年10月至2005年12月确诊的33例肠系膜静脉血栓(MVT)患者的临床资料进行了分析,并结合文献,总结MVT的临床特点和治疗方法。结果33例MVT中,慢性肠系膜静脉血栓11例,年龄32~78岁(平均46.6岁),无急腹症的表现,均是在腹部CT检查中发现肠系膜静脉血栓;另22例为AMVT患者,年龄19~75岁(平均48.9岁)。主要症状和体征为腹痛、腹胀、腹部膨隆、腹膜刺激征,呕吐68.2%(15/22),发热36.4%(8/22)。误诊率59.1%(13/22),手术治疗17例,死亡7例,治愈10例;溶栓治疗5例痊愈。结论早期腹部CT结合肠系膜上动脉造影可对早期AMVT做出正确的诊断,早期溶栓或手术治疗可以降低病死率。     

尿激酶溶栓治疗脑血栓40例疗效评估报道

目的：对脑血栓治疗中尿激酶溶栓疗法起到的临床作用进行分析探讨。方法选取2012年7月～2014年12月同期于我院进行脑血栓治疗的患者40例,将其分为实验组和对照组。对对照组患者给予低分子肝素进行治疗,对实验组患者给予尿激酶进行溶栓治疗。治疗结束之后对两组患者的治理效果及缺损评分进行比较。结果实验组的总体有效率为80.00%较对照组的60.00%具有优势,实验组缺损评分低于对照组,数据具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论对脑血栓患者采取尿激酶进行溶栓治疗能有效治愈患者疾病。     

Simple mechanical thrombectomy with intrapulmonary arterial thrombolysis in pulmonary thromboembolism: a small case series

Pulmonary thromboembolism （PTE） is a life-threatening condition with a high early mortality rate caused by acute right ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. We report a series of three patients who presented with acute and subacute submassive PTE. They were suc-cessfully treated by simple catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy and intrapulmonary arterial thrombolysis. Mechanical fragmentation and aspiration of thrombus was performed by commonly used J-wire, multi-purpose and Judkin Right guiding catheters and this obviated the need of specific thrombectomy devices.     

二级医院与三级医院应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死安全性及疗效的比较

目的比较静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死患者在二级医院与三级医院的安全性和疗效。方法前瞻性连续纳入1家二级甲等医院(北京丰台医院)2012年1月—2013年12月使用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗脑梗死21例,以1家三级甲等教学医院(首都医科大学宣武医院)同期收治的使用同样药物静脉溶栓65例为对照组,比较两组患者静脉溶栓安全性及疗效指标的差异。主要安全性指标为溶栓后严重不良事件(症状性脑出血和死亡)发生率,主要疗效指标为发病14 d的日常生活能力指数(BI)和出院时的改良Rankin评分(mRS)。结果 (1)主要终点指标中,研究组和对照组患者出院时mRS≤2分的比率分别为71.4%(15例)和58.5%(38例);溶栓后14d BI≥60分的比率分别为61.9%(13例)和64.6%(42例),两组差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)研究组和对照组的主要严重不良事件发生率为4.8%(1例)和6.2%(4例),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);其他次要指标,如早期再灌注率、血管再通率、溶栓后14 d神经功能改善比率和脑出血发生率差异均无统计学意义。研究组的患者转诊比率(9.5%,2例)低于对照组(27.7%,18例),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.09)。(3)研究组和对照组的院外时间延误、院内时间延误和总体时间延误,平均时间分别为(75±33)和(102±50)min、(72±41)和(111±38)min、(147±41)和(212±47)min,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论该选择的二级医院可相对安全有效地实施急性脑梗死的阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,同时二级医院的静脉溶栓治疗可以减少患者转诊比率和缩短就诊时间。     

Outcomes After Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Unprotected Left Main Stem Occlusion: The BCIS National Audit of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 6-Year Experience

ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate in-hospital outcomes and 3-year mortality of patients presenting with unprotected left main stem occlusion (ULMSO) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).BackgroundLimited data exists about management and outcome following presentation with ULMSO.MethodsFrom January 1, 2007 to December 21, 2012, 446,257 PCI cases were recorded in the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society database of all PCI cases in England and Wales. Of those, 568 were patients having emergency PCI for ST-segment elevation infarction (0.6% of all PPCI) who presented with ULMSO (TIMI [Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction] flow grade 0/1 and stenosis >75%), and they were compared with 1,045 emergency patients treated with nonocclusive LMS disease. Follow-up was obtained through linkage with the Office of National Statistics.ResultsPresentation with ULMSO, compared with nonocclusive LMS disease, was associated with a doubling in the likelihood of periprocedural shock (57.9% vs. 27.9%; p < 0.001) and/or intra-aortic balloon pump support (52.5% vs. 27.2%; p < 0.001). In-hospital (43.3% vs. 20.6%; p < 0.001), 1-year (52.8% vs. 32.4%; p < 0.001), and 3-year mortality (73.9% vs 52.3%, p < 0.001) rates were higher in patients with ULMSO, compared with patients presenting with a patent LMS, and were significantly influenced by the presence of cardiogenic shock. ULMSO and cardiogenic shock were independent predictors of 30-day (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07 to 2.41], p = 0.02, and HR: 5.43 [95% CI: 3.23 to 9.12], p<0.001, respectively) and 3-year all-cause mortality (HR: 1.52 [95% CI: 1.06 to 2.17], p = 0.02, and HR: 2.98 [95% CI: 1.99 to 4.49], p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PPCI for ULMSO, acute outcomes are poor and additional therapies are required to improve outcome. However, long-term outcomes for survivors of ULMSO are encouraging.