应用Mimics和HyperMesh软件建立人体下颌骨三维有限元模型

目的:探讨一种快速、精确的正常人下颌骨三维有限元建模方法。方法:对1名牙列完整、咬合关系正常的男性志愿者进行颌骨螺旋CT扫描,将获取的Dicom格式数据在Mimics 10.01软件中进行完整下颌骨3D重建,将所得的下颌骨三维几何模型转换成iges格式后,导入HyperMesh软件中完成网格划分及对材料属性进行赋值,最后导入ABAQUS 6.9对模型边界约束条件进行限制,生成完整下颌骨的三维有限元模型。结果:快速地建立了更加精确的人体完整下颌骨的三维有限元模型。联合运用HyperMesh软件和Mimics软件对下颌骨进行建模,大大提高了建模的速度以及模型的质量。结论:应用Mimics和HyperMesh软件可以快速、精确的建立人体下颌骨的三维有限元模型,为进一步的生物力学分析打下基础。     

三峡工程对库区重庆段钉螺生长条件影响研究

目的了解三峡工程建成以后,库区气候、植被、淹没等条件变化对钉螺孳生的可能影响。方法利用ArcGIS软件的空间分析功能,结合气象资料及重点研究区1:1万和库区重庆段1:5万数字高程模型(DEM)就阶段性淹没区的气候条件、淹没时间、淹没区植被情况以及阶段性淹没可能对钉螺生长的影响进行综合分析。结果三峡库区淹没时间、气温、降水、日照时间、植被种类及覆盖度均适合钉螺,但其冬季蓄水、夏季放水的特点对钉螺的生长不利。结论三峡库区形成的"冬水夏陆"的洲滩环境不适于钉螺孳生,如能从源头上控制钉螺的外来输入问题,库区可避免成为钉螺孽生区。     

Use of coronary CT angiography in the diagnosis of patients with suspected coronary artery disease: findings and clinical indications

Objective To investigate the clinical applications of coronary CT angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease and identify factors that affect CT findings. Methods Medical records of patients suspected of coronary artery disease over a period of 12 months from a tertiary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patient age, sex (male/female), duration of symptoms and abnormal rates of coronary CT angiography scans were analysed to investigate the relationship among these parameters. The patients by age were characterized into five groups: under 36 years, 36–45 years, 46–55 years, 56–65 years and more than 66 years, respectively; while the duration of symptoms was also classified into five groups: less than one week, one week to one month, one to three months, three to six months and more than six months. Results Of the 880 patient records reviewed, 800 met the above study criteria. Five hundred and forty nine patients demonstrated abnormal CT findings (68.6%). There was no significant difference in the percentage of abnormal CT findings based on patient sex and the duration of symptoms (P = 0.14). The abnormal rates of coronary CT angiography, however, increased significantly with increasing age (P < 0.001); with patients over 65 years of age 2.5 times more likely to have an abnormal CT scan relative to a patient under 45 years. A significant difference was found between abnormal coronary CT angiography and the duration of symptoms (P = 0.012). Conclusions Our results indicate coronary CT angiography findings are significantly related to the patient age group and duration of symptoms. Clinical referral for coronary CT angiography of patients with suspected coronary artery disease needs to be justified with regard to the judicious use of this imaging modality.     

关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法采用关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定治疗51例胫骨平台骨折,SehatzkerI～Ⅲ型35例,Ⅳ一Ⅵ型16例;其中,胫骨髁间嵴骨折并前交叉韧带损伤8例,后交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折8例,半月板损伤5例。结果本组随访12～24个月,平均13．6个月。膝关节功能参照Rasmussen评分：优24例,良20例,可6例,差1例,优良率达86．3％。无切口坏死,无固定失败及骨外露发生。有1例伤口感染。结论采用关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定各种胫骨平台骨折是一种可靠方法。     

多来源颅颌面三维数字化模型的建立

目的 建立一个满足临床和科研要求的可视化的多来源多精度的颅颌面三维数字化模型.方法 采用锥体束断层CT(CBCT)扫描整个头部,利用不同组织的亨氏单位(Houns Field值)的不同,提取出面部软组织、颌面部骨骼以及牙列3种组织结构,利用三维重建的方法,重构出面部、颌骨和牙齿三部分的数字化三维模型,同时采用激光扫描的方法获得带有纹理信息的面部三维模型以及高精度三维数字化牙列模型,利用三维图形学中的配准技术,将激光扫描获得的面部、三维模型转化到CT来源的重建的三维颅颌面数字化模型所在坐标系.结果 获得一个带有颜色信息的面部软组织、高精度牙列和清晰骨骼的复合三维数字化颅颌面模型.结论 多来源的三维数字化颅颌面模型是一种能够达到临床和科研要求的高精度数字化模型.     

Tarlov Cyst and Infertility

Background/Objective: Tarlov cysts or spinal perineurial cysts are uncommon lesions. These are mostly incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging or myelograms. The objectives of this study were to describe Tarlov cysts of the sacral region as a potential cause for retrograde ejaculations and review available management options.

Methods: Case report and literature review.

Results: A 28-year-old man presented with back pain and retrograde ejaculations resulting in infertility. After microsurgical excision of large perineurial cysts, back pain resolved, but semen quality showed only marginal improvement. Later, the couple successfully conceived by intrauterine insemination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Tarlov cyst associated with retrograde ejaculation and infertility.

Conclusions: Despite being mostly asymptomatic and an incidental finding, Tarlov cyst is an important clinical entity because of its tendency to increase in size with time. Tarlov cysts of the sacral and cauda equina region may be a rare underlying cause in otherwise unexplained retrograde ejaculations and infertility. Microsurgical excision may be a good option in a select group of patients.     

Postępowanie w udarze mózgu – wytyczne Grupy Ekspertów Sekcji Chorób Naczyniowych Polskiego Towarzystwa Neurologicznego. Aktualizacja 2013: leczenie trombolityczne

Thrombolysis is the most effective therapy for ischaemic stroke. The current guidelines and approvals have limited its use to patients available for treatment within 4.5 hours of onset and those aged 80 or less. There are also a number of other limitations derived from clinical trial protocols, i.e. minor and major strokes. The available evidence has indicated its possible efficacy in patients treated within 6 hours of onset and not fulfilling other limitations.Last year, the results of the IST-3 (Third International Stroke Trial: Thrombolysis) and a meta-analysis of all available trials including IST-3 were published. They point out the possible benefit of thrombolysis in patients not meeting the current criteria, which has been acknowledged in the Polish guidelines for management of stroke.     

腹腔镜下保留假包膜神经血管束子宫肌瘤剥除术临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜下保留假包膜神经血管束子宫肌瘤剥除术的临床疗效。方法选取2014年10月至2015年3月,就诊于哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院的子宫肌瘤患者40例为研究对象,根据不同治疗方法将患者分为腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剥除术(A)组及腹腔镜下保留假包膜神经血管束子宫肌瘤剥除术(B)组,每组各20例。比较两组患者术前同侧子宫动脉搏动指数、阻力指数;术后第2、7、35、45天子宫肌瘤瘢痕区变化、肌层愈合、瘢痕区血运等情况,以及创面愈合区血管指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)、血管化血流指数(VFI)。将两组患者数据进行对比研究,应用重复测量数据的方差分析进行计算。结果 B组患者术后瘢痕愈合程度快于A组,瘢痕区血流灌注情况及VI、FI、VFI值均高于A组。两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下保留假包膜神经血管束子宫肌瘤剥除术,术后瘢痕区血供丰富,创面愈合程度快于传统腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剥除术。     

三子养亲汤对哮喘小鼠血清CysLT1 mRNA表达及肺组织HE染色切片的影响

目的:探讨三子养亲汤对哮喘小鼠血清Cys LT1mRNA表达及肺组织HE染色切片的影响。方法:将180只C57BL小鼠随机分为三子养亲汤低、中、高剂量组,孟鲁司特组,哮喘组,正常组6组,除正常组外所有小鼠建立哮喘模型。药物组依次灌入浓度为0.54 g/m L、1.08 g/m L、2.16 g/m L的三子养亲汤煎剂2 m L,0.004 g·kg-1·d-1孟鲁司特2 m L,疗程14 d。采用RT-PCR法检测小鼠血清CysLT1mRNA的表达,并观察肺组织HE染色切片。结果:SZ-M组、SZ-H组可明显减少Cys LT1mRNA的表达,SZ-H组还能有效减轻哮喘模型肺组织的病理改变。结论:三子养亲汤可有效减少哮喘模型CysLT1mRNA表达,也能改善小鼠肺组织HE染色切片的结果。