Nurse education--the role of the nurse teacher

Aim. To explore and analyse the role of the nurse teacher. Background. This paper examines the issue of clinical credibility among nurse teachers which has been ongoing for over a decade. The move of nurse education from colleges of nursing to the Higher Education Institutes was seen in 1992. Since then, nurse teachers have been faced with the need to juggle the roles of teaching, administration, research and clinical support for students. Nursing students within these Higher Education Institutes require more than the traditional theoretical classroom teaching. Nurse teachers have a role beyond this in encouraging students to link theory with practice, and practice with theory. Therein lies a challenge for nurse teachers to ensure they remain credible within the clinical setting and continue to provide education and support, which is firmly grounded in both practice and theory. Method. The authors have critically reviewed the evidence related to the role of the nurse teacher in an attempt to identify key concepts and ideas, assumptions, supporting examples and the implications for their role. Conclusion. The role of the nurse teacher, it would appear, is a dynamic one that needs to engage actively the needs of the student. Nurses therefore need to be dynamic in their approach in order to respond to both local and global demands and ensure that students become competent, professional, knowledgeable and caring in their approach. Relevance to clinical practice. This paper demonstrates the complex and ever changing role of the nurse teacher. This paper attempts to help nurse teachers understand the complex nature of their role.     

The History of British Gynaecological Pathology

The venerable tradition of British gynaecological pathology is honoured by brief comments on those who have pioneered work in this arena, using as the starting point the remarkable Scottish physician Dr Matthew Baillie who, with his uncles, the legendary William and John Hunter, can arguably be considered the founders of medicine in Great Britain. The impact of Baillie’s great work ‘The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body’ is noted. Because of the fame they achieved in working in other areas, the contributions to gynaecological pathology of Thomas Hodgkin and Richard Bright, particularly the former, are often overlooked and are noted herein as is a remarkable book on the ovary by Charles G. Ritchie, published in 1865. The middle years of the 19th century were notable because of the activities of pioneering surgeons such as Sir Spencer Wells and Lawson Tait which gradually led to a greater emphasis on pathologic examination of specimens removed at operation, as opposed to autopsy evaluation. The closing years of the 19th century and early years of the 20th century were dominated by five individuals, Alban Doran, John Bland‐Sutton, Cuthbert Lockyer, Elizabeth Hurdon and John Hammond Teacher. Doran wrote an early study of tubal carcinoma and a book on that organ and the ovary. Bland‐Sutton was a remarkably influential surgeon with a significant interest in pathology and also contributed a book on the ovary and fallopian tube as well as one of the early good papers on metastatic tumours to the ovary. Lockyer wrote an outstanding book on uterine fibroids and established, and funded, a museum at Charing Cross Hospital. Hurdon can be considered the first female gynaecological pathologist. She spent much of her active career in the United States working at Johns Hopkins Hospital. She co‐authored a monumental book on the appendix, likely never to be equalled. Teacher worked in Glasgow for many years and was almost single‐handedly responsible for the acceptance in Britain of the concepts of trophoblastic disease espoused by the German investigator Felix Marchand. Wallace Park of Dundee also contributed significantly on trophoblastic disease in later years. The years following the death of Dr Teacher were largely dominated by three individuals, Magnus Haines working in London, Claud Taylor in Birmingham, and Frederick Langley in Manchester. The first two individuals wrote an excellent textbook and Langley brought great fame to the Manchester School, ably assisted by Harold Fox, the latter being the doyen of British gynaecologic pathologists throughout the latter decades of the 20th century. With Langley he wrote an important book on ovarian tumours, an equally influential book on the placenta, and with Dr Hilary Buckley he authored a book on endometrial biopsy interpretation. Additionally, his countless entertaining and instructive lectures throughout the world represented a remarkable educational experience.     

高等医学院校教师教学技能培训的实践与思考

高等院校教师队伍的整体素质决定了学校教育的发展水平。中国协和医科大学于2005年暑期对学校3所学院的主讲教师开展了教学技能的培训，并进行了有关教学技能等方面的问卷调查，本文对培训及问卷进行分析和总结，同时对今后的教师培训提出了一些思考和想法。     

以提升课堂教学质量为核心的改革与实践

提升课堂教学质量,必须抓住课堂质量的主导因素：教师;把握课堂质量的关键因素：设计;激活课堂质量的主体因素：学生.     

Primary school teacher as a primary health care worker

School children (1608) were examined for three items (nails, scalp hairs and teeth) relating to personal hygiene and relevant infective conditions from two sets of villages i.e. one set where primary school teacher was working as primary health care worker (Group I) and the other set where Community Health Volunteer (CHV) was delivering primary health care (Group II). The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of school teachers’ role vis-a-vis CHVs’ in imparting health education to school children. Out of 1608 school children, 801 belonged to Group I villages and the remaining 807 to Group II villages. From the results, it was evident that children of Group I villages were better with respect to ail the items related to personal hygiene and infective conditions excepting scalp infections, where difference was not statistically significant, indicating teachers’ superiority over the CHVs’ in imparting health education to school children.     

组织政治认知对教师工作满意度及职业倦怠的影响

目的:探讨中学教师组织政治认知对其工作满意度及职业倦怠的影响。方法:采用组织政治认知量表、工作满意度问卷及教师职业倦怠问卷对湖南湘潭市203名中学教师进行问卷调查。结果:①教师组织政治认知与工作满意度存在显著的负相关(r=-0.489),与职业倦怠存在显著的正相关(r=0.281);②组织政治认知的同事关系维度对职业倦怠的情绪疲惫有直接效应(效应系数0.198),薪酬与晋升维度对职业倦怠的情绪疲惫、少成就感有间接效应(效应系数分别为0.128、0.209)。结论:组织政治认知主要是通过工作满意度对职业倦怠产生影响。     

SCL-90和SRHMS对教师心理健康评定结果的比较研究

目的：考察两种不同量表评定教师心理健康的结果是否一致。方法：选取大学教师86人、中学教师343人、小学教师127人。用SCL-90和SRHMS量表同时进行心理健康评定，结果进行比较分析。结果：(1)SCL-90结果显示，心理健康水平大学教师最差，其次是中学教师，小学教师最好。中小学教师心理健康水平问没有显著性差异。(2)SRHMS评定心理健康水平的结果依次是大学、中学、小学，而中小学教师问表现出显著性差异。(3)两个量表评定结果存在负的显著性相关。结论：SCL-90和SRHMS具有一定的内在一致性，但又有差异性。     

采取多种方式提高教师队伍整体素质

根据高等医学教育的特点，通过“双语”骨干教师培训、教学基地骨干教师培训、中青年教师课堂教学比赛及举办实用性技能培训等方式，对中青年教师进行培训，以提高其教学能力、教学水平和教学质量，推动和促进教师队伍的整体素质及教学质量的提高，保证新老教师交替时期的平稳过渡．