自杀意念量表的信度、效度检验

目的对自杀意念量表的信度、效度进行检验,检验其在海南医学生中的适用性。方法采用横断面调查的方法,用自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)对海南医学院696名学生进行测评。结果①量表的重复信度为0.922,Cronbachα系数为0.762,Spearman-Brown分半相关系数为0.765,均在0.700以上,具有较高的信度;②自杀意念量表效度采用结构效度检验,对26个条目进行因子分析,5个因子共可解释方差总变异的41.78%,基本代表了量表的基本结构;预想的各部分内容的条目有明显的分开归因倾向,各因子内部条目的载荷较高,说明具有较好的结构效度。结论量表具有较好的信度、效度,可以用于了解海南医学生的自杀意念。     

Topiramate overdose: A case report of a patient with extremely high topiramate serum concentrations and nonconvulsive status epilepticus

We report the case of a 21‐year‐old man with idiopathic generalized epilepsy who ingested about 8,000 mg of topiramate (TPM) in a suicide attempt. On admission to the hospital he had a nonconvulsive status epilepticus and received 4 mg lorazepam i.v. He recovered rapidly despite an initial TPM concentration of 144.6 μg/ml. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient who survived such a high TPM concentration. The case indicates that nonconvulsive status epilepticus could be a manifestation of TPM intoxication.     

唐山市大学生自杀态度与生活事件相关研究

目的为预防大学生因生活事件自杀提供数据与依据。方法运用问卷调查法对唐山市4所高校453名大学生进行问卷调查。结果①大学生自杀态度总体保持中立或矛盾态度 性别、城乡比较无显著差异 专业、是否独生子女比较在安乐死态度上有显著差异。②对大学生产生较大影响的生活事件是学习压力、健康适应及人际关系等。③大学生对自杀行为性质的态度与人际关系呈非常显著相关,与生活事件总分、学习压力、受惩罚、健康适应、其它事件呈显著相关 对自杀者家属的态度与受惩罚呈显著相关。结论大学生自杀态度与生活事件相关。     

Through the looking glass: Examining neuroanatomical evidence for cellular alterations in major depression

Alterations in brain plasticity are increasingly thought to play important roles in major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicide. To gain a better understanding of the gross structural changes observed in the brains of major depressed and suicide subjects, a number of recent investigations have scrutinized the cellular integrity of brain regions implicated in mood disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the microscopic features of neuronal and glial cell populations in these different brain regions, namely the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus. In general, evidence from this burgeoning field supports the hypothesis of altered cell plasticity in MDD and suicide occurring mainly in key fronto-limbic areas. Interestingly, reported morphometric and cell density alterations are generally region-specific and implicate several neuromodulatory systems, notably GABAergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic pathways. Cell-specific changes involve reductions in densities of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, while increases in microglial densities have also been reported. Furthermore, increases in neuronal densities have been found in subcortical regions. The implication of such findings for our understanding of the cellular and molecular underpinnings of MDD and suicide are discussed, and the strengths and weaknesses of morphological approaches used to analyse human postmortem brain tissues are evaluated.     

Gambling Problems and Attempted Suicide: Part II—Alcohol Abuse Increases Suicide Risk

Alcohol misuse is commonly associated with problem gambling and suicide attempts. This study included seventy patients admitted to an Auckland (New Zealand) hospital immediately following a suicide attempt. The first paper in the study identified 12 (17.1%) patients from the sample as being positive on the Eight Gambling Screen. Of these individuals, 75% were also positive on the CAGE alcohol screen. Problem gambling patients who had attempted suicide were also more likely to be Maori (indigenous New Zealanders). The severity of the suicide attempt between patients screened as problem gamblers and those who were not did not differ.     

大连市部分地区农村人群的自杀态度分析

目的研究中国农村人群的自杀态度。方法采取序贯抽样的方法,采集了2000年度、2001年度大连市金州和庄河两地区66个自杀死亡病例的132个信息人和66个正常对照本人及其132个信息人。用自杀态度问卷了解病例组信息人和对照组本人及其信息人对自杀的态度,然后运用SPSS11.5进行数据整理与分析。结果自杀组信息人对自杀总的理解程度以及对不同性别自杀者的理解程度[评分平均秩次分别为总理解程度121.57,对男性自杀者理解程度121.41,对女性自杀者理解程度121.53],均低于对照组信息人[对应的评分平均秩次分别为143.43,143.59,143.47,差异具有显著性。Z值、P值分别为(-2.628,0.009),(-2.681,0.007),(-2.624,0.009)]。信息人对女性自杀者的理解和宽容程度高于对男性自杀者(Z=-2.565,P=0.010),男性信息人更倾向于理解和接受女性自杀(Z=-2.060,P=0.039)。结论该地区农村人群总体上对自杀持不接受态度,但是对女性自杀比对男性自杀更加认可和宽容。此发现可能有助于解释中国女性较高的自杀率。     

自杀未遂者相关因素及其临床特点对照研究

目的研究自杀未遂者的相关因素及临床特点,并与正常对照者比较。方法本研究对70名自杀未遂者进行了调查及心理量表和家庭环境量表评定,以70名正常人为对照。结果(1)自杀未遂者中年轻女性多见；自杀方式绝大多数为服药或服毒。(2)两组的家庭环境和邻里关系明显不同,自杀未遂组存在问题较多。(3)自杀未遂组具有焦虑、病态人格和疑心等性格特点。结论与对照组相比,自杀未遂者存在问题较多,但个体素质因素是自杀未遂发生的主要原因。