标准大骨瓣开颅术在治疗重型颅脑损伤中的临床应用探讨

目的探讨标准大骨瓣开颅术在治疗重型颅脑损伤中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2009年至2011年间我院收治的55例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,所有患者均行标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗,并观察临床疗效。结果本组55例患者术后行头部CT复查发现,53例（96.4%）血肿消失,另有2例血肿较术前有所缩小,所有患者脑部均未出现新的出血。术后发生迟发性血肿4例,脑脊液切口漏2例,脑积水2例,癫痫1例,并发症发生率为16.4%。术后随访3～6个月,恢复良好39例（70.9%）,中残8例（14.5%）,重残3例（5.5%）,植物生存2例（3.6%）,死亡3例（5.5%）。结论大骨瓣开颅术具有骨窗大、手术暴露范围广、内外减压充分等特点,治疗重型颅脑损伤临床疗效显著,具有很好的临床应用价值,值得进一步推广使用。     

Heat-assisted slurry sampling GFAAS method for determination of lead in food standard reference materials

A valid method based on heat-assisted slurry sampling graphic furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HASS-GFAAS) was developed for the accurate determination of trace Pb in food standard reference materials (SRMs). The HASS technique significantly improved Pb recovery and precision compared to conventional slurry sampling techniques. The optimized HASS procedure was performed as follows: first, the sample (particle size ≤ 150 μm) was diluted with 0.05% (v/v) Triton X-100 containing 2% HNO₃ and 1% H₂O₂ followed by heating for 20 min at 120 °C on a heating block. Next, the obtained slurry was sonicated in an autosampler cup, and finally, the slurry was introduced into a graphite tube and analyzed by the GFAAS with a Pb electrodeless discharge lamp (EDL). Calibration with aqueous standard solutions was used for Pb determination in food samples. The characteristic mass and limit of detection for Pb based on the integrated absorbance for a 2% (m/v) sample were 12 ± 0.6 pg and 0.003 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The accuracy (95.1–102% recovery) and good precision (0.1–3.6%) of this procedure are illustrated by the results obtained for the 12 food reference materials. The proposed method is suitable for determination of trace Pb in solid food samples.     

从二维视角对比金砖四国科研产出规模以及国际影响力

以ESI数据库为数据来源,采集金砖四国2004-01-01至2014-06-30发表的论文数据,采用科研论文相对产出、相对引文影响指标分析金砖四国科研论文的产出规模及其影响;并采用学科专业化指标和标准引文影响指标,构建“学科专业化-标准引文影响”二维分析框架,分析金砖四国科研产出在全球的相对位置。研究结果表明,金砖四国科研论文绝对产出较多;金砖四国的相对科研产出在学科之间的分布呈现非均衡态势,在很多学科领域相对产出明显低于世界平均水平;金砖四国22个学科的相对引文影响指标均低于世界平均水平;根据专业化指标值,中国、巴西、印度的学科专业化程度低,俄罗斯的学科专业化程度略高;金砖四国的标准引文影响指标值均明显低于世界平均水平,说明科研论文整体质量低于世界平均水平。据此对金砖四国基础研究建设提出建议,以期为有关部门制定科技发展政策、调整学科结构布局提供参考。     

颞肌切除辅助标准大骨瓣开颅治疗特重型颅脑损伤的可行性及安全性

目的:探讨颞肌切除辅助标准大骨瓣开颅治疗特重型颅脑损伤的可行性及安全性。方法:将31位特重型颅脑损伤的患者随机分为研究组及对照组,研究组16例患者行颞肌切除辅助标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除减压术,对照组15例患者只行标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除减压术,对两组患者进行为期3个月的随访,观察比较疗效及并发症的发生率。结果:研究组疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组和对照组出现的不良反应发生率分别为43.8%和46.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:颞肌切除辅助标准大骨瓣开颅术疗效优于标准大骨瓣开颅术疗效。     

2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布时空分析

目的　分析2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布时空特征,为全省钉螺精准防控提供参考。方法　收集2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积、新发钉螺面积和感染性钉螺面积等钉螺分布指标并进行描述性分析,对实有和新发钉螺面积进行空间自相关、热点分析、标准差椭圆分析及时空扫描等分析,探索安徽省钉螺聚集与扩散高风险区。结果　2011—2020年,安徽省实有钉螺面积逐渐降低。2020年全省实有钉螺面积26 238.85 hm2,主要分布在湖沼型血吸虫病流行区。各年份间新发钉螺面积波动较大,2016年最高（1 287.65 hm2）;2020年在池州市贵池区新发现1.96 hm2感染性钉螺面积。空间自相关和热点分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积分布具有空间聚集性（Z = 3.00 ~ 3.43,P均 < 0.01）,热点主要集中在湖沼型流行区并沿长江南岸分布;冷点主要集中在皖南山区。2011—2020年安徽省新发钉螺面积分布在整体上不存在空间聚集性（Z = -2.20 ~ 1.71,P均> 0.05）,局部呈散点分布。标准差椭圆分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积分布相对稳定,与长江流向一致;新发钉螺面积分布重心逐渐从长江安徽段下游向上游移动。时空扫描分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积两个高值聚集区以从长江安徽段下游到中游的顺序出现;新发钉螺面积两个高值聚集区聚集时间和范围类似,均分布在山区。结论　2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布呈空间聚集性,存在向长江南岸、上游聚集的趋势,但山区钉螺扩散问题亦不容忽视,需加强对山区和长江沿岸新发钉螺孳生地的监测力度。     

Linear lesions for treating the recurrence of persistent atrial tachyarrhythmia after cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation

Overall, 133 patients underwent 170 procedures for the treatment of persistent ATa following an index cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (n = 715). After all the procedures, > 90% of the patients had a roof line, a mitral isthmus and/or septal line, and a cavotricuspid isthmus line. Ninety-two patients (69.2%) were in sinus rhythm after a median of 36 months since the index cryoballoon PVI. ATa: atrial tachyarrhythmia; cryo: cryoballoon; CTI: cavotricuspid isthmus; LSPV: left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV: left inferior pulmonary vein; PVI: pulmonary vein isolation; RF: radiofrequency; RSPV: right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV: right inferior pulmonary vein.

     

Age at menopause,body mass index,and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal Chinese women: The Henan Rural Cohort study

Background and aimThe present study was conducted to explore the stratified and joint effects of age at menopause and body mass index (BMI) with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese rural adults.Methods and resultsA total of 15,406 postmenopausal Chinese women were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the stratified and joint effects of age at menopause and BMI on T2DM. Overall, the mean age at menopause and BMI was 48.8 ± 4.7 years and 25.1 ± 3.6 kg/m², respectively. In general, data suggest that: 1) women with BMI ≥ 24 had a higher risk of T2DM, irrespective of age at menopause; 2) in women with BMI < 24, later menopause had a higher risk of T2DM (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16–2.01); 3) the risk of T2DM was higher only in patients with early or normal age at menopause and BMI ≥ 24, with 0R (95% CI) of (1.58, 1.28–1.94) and (1.48, 1.31–1.67), respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that: 1) women with BMI ≥ 24 had a higher risk of T2DM, irrespective of age at menopause; 2) in women with BMI < 24, a higher risk of T2DM was found only in those with later menopause; 3) women with later menopause had a higher risk of T2DM, irrespective of BMI; 4) in patients with early or normal age at menopause, a higher risk of T2DM was found only in patients with BMI ≥ 24.The Chinese Clinical Trial RegistrationChiCTR–OOC–1500669(URL:http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375)