Prognostic significance of surface markers expressed in multiple myeloma: CD56 and other antigens

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by increased numbers of malignant plasma cells. Plasma cells, that represent the terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes, have considerable heterogeneity of surface markers expressed on them. Some studies showed the prognostic significance of several immunophenotypic molecules on MM cells. Here, we review several surface markers related to their prognostic significance in MM patients. We also report that CD56-negative MM is the unique entity characterized by poor prognosis with high incidence of extramedullary disease, Bence Jones protein, renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia and plasmablastic morphology.     

Unusual presentation of central nervous system relapse with oculomotor nerve palsy in a case of CD56-positive acute myeloid leukemia following allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) plays an important role in the treatment of infants and children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Leukemic relapse after allo-SCT is responsible for a high rate of treatment failure. Extra-medullary relapse (EMR), without involvement of bone marrow, is rare compared to medullary relapse. CD56, the neural cell adhesion molecule, may contribute to the higher frequency of CNS relapse in CD56-positive AML. We observed an isolated EMR on the oculomotor nerve of a 17-month-old girl 12 weeks after cord blood transplantation (CBT), who was transplanted because of CD56-positive AML. Diagnosis of relapse was suspected clinically and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and chimerism analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therapy consisted of intra-thecal chemotherapy, CNS irradiation, and systemic immunomodulation by cyclosporin A (CsA) and basiliximab withdrawal. Twenty-one months after relapse, the patient shows full remission of symptoms and previously described oculomotor nerve infiltration.     

Leading ordinary lives: a qualitative study of younger women''s perceived functions of antidepressants

Background: While the overall consumption of psychotropic medicines such as tranquillisers and hypnotics has declined, the consumption of the newer antidepressants – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has increased drastically since their introduction. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the use, it is important to gain insight into the users' perceptions about their medicine and use.Objective: To analyse younger women's perceived functions of SSRIs in their everyday lives. Methods: 12 in depth interviews and 6 re interviews were conducted with a community based sample of 21 to 34 year old women taking SSRIs. The women were recruited through Danish pharmacies.Results: Prior to taking SSRIs the women struggled with their emotional problems, often in great frustration and distress. While taking SSRIs the women experienced that the medicine functioned both at a psychological and a social level. They believed that the medicine gave them resources to behave actively in a way that was not previously possible. They felt that the medicine use enabled them to concentrate on daily life activities other than dealing solely with their emotional problems. The women found that the medicine gave them back a sense of 'normality'.Conclusion: The main finding in this paper is that the perceived functions of SSRIs were related to social meanings and goals in everyday life.     

CD4+ CD56+ neoplasia: clinical and biological features with emphasis on cytotoxic drug-induced apoptosis and expression of sialyl Lewis X

CD4+CD56+ neoplasia is a rare malignancy of unclarified origin. So far only 57 cases have been reported. We characterized in detail a case of CD4+ CD56+ malignancy with special emphasis on apoptosis induced by cytotoxic drugs and expression of sialyl Lewis X (CD15s). The disease was diagnosed in a 73-year-old female presenting with skin involvement, generalized lymphadenopathy and bone marrow infiltration. Treatment with cladribine/mitoxantrone induced a short-lasting partial response and the patient died 6 months after diagnosis. The neoplastic cells expressed CD4, CD56, HLA-DR, and CD15s. PCR for the T-cell receptor γchain revealed a polyclonal amplification product. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) was negative. Cytotoxic granule-associated proteins were not detected, consistent with the observation that the cells did not mediate cytotoxic activity against several target cells. Apoptosis of the tumor cells was inducible by anthracyclines and cladribine but not with gemcitabine. Combinations of cladribine or gemcitabine with anthracyclines however, resulted in synergistic effects on apoptosis. Expression of CD15s on the CD56+ cells was three times higher than on CD56+ cells from healthy controls. The results demonstrate that the features of the present case is in accordance with the diagnosis of CD4+ CD56+ malignancy. This is the first report demonstrating increased CD15s expression on a CD4+ CD56+ neoplasia, possibly explaining the frequent occurrence of the disease in the skin.     

Stress response in a juvenile hormone-deficient Drosophila melanogaster mutant apterous56f

The apterous56f (ap56f) mutation leads to increases in juvenile hormone (JH) degradation levels and JH-esterase makes a greater contribution to the increase than JH-epoxide hydrolase. Dopamine levels in ap56f females, but not males, are higher than in wild-type. JH treatment of ap56f and wild-type females decreases their dopamine levels. ap56f females, but not males, produce less progeny. Survival under heat stress is dramatically decreased in ap56f females, but not males. ap56f flies show a stress reaction, as judged by changes in tyrosine decarboxylase and JH-hydrolysing activities, dopamine levels and fertility, but its intensity in the mutant females, but not males, differs significantly from wild-type. Thus, the ap56f mutation causes dramatic changes in female, but not male, metabolism and fitness.     

Clonal selection of CD56+ t(8;21) AML blasts: further suggestion of the adverse clinical significance of this biological marker?

Although patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and t(8;21)(q22;q22) have a favourable prognosis, a subset die despite receiving appropriate treatment. Recent reports suggest that expression of the CD56 antigen might predict for both extramedullary disease and poor outcome in these patients. We describe a patient who presented with CD56-negative t(8;21) AML who achieved a complete remission and was subsequently treated with three consolidative courses of high-dose cytarabine therapy. She relapsed 9 months later with extramedullary and bone marrow involvement of CD56-positive t(8;21) AML. This case demonstrates clonal evolution and provides further support that blast expression of CD56 might be an unfavourable prognostic factor in t(8;21) AML.     

Primary nonsecretory plasma cell leukemia: a rare variant of multiple myeloma

 We report a patient with primary nonsecretory plasma cell leukemia. These cells resembled prolymphocytes and expressed only CD38 and CD56. Due to the atypical morphology and lack of monoclonal immunoglobulins in both serum and urine, it was difficult to make a correct diagnosis. Electron-microscopic and immunocytochemical cytoplasmic studies were useful. Received: May 4, 1998 / Accepted: September 3, 1998     

脑出血患者外周血淋巴细胞CD56和CD69的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨脑出血患者外周血淋巴细胞 CD5 6 和 CD6 9的表达与病情严重程度的关系及临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术动态检测2 5例中、重型脑出血患者在发病后 3天内外周血淋巴细胞 CD5 6 和 CD6 9的表达情况 ,并选择 2 2例同期住院患者作为对照。结果 CD5 6 和CD6 9在脑出血患者急性期升高 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论外周血淋巴细胞 CD5 6 和 CD6 9的表达有助于脑出血急性期的诊断。     

CD56-Positive cutaneous lymphoma with multicentric Castleman's disease-like systemic manifestations.

We report a 55-year-old Japanese male with CD56+ cutaneous lymphoma. The patient had multiple cervical lymphadenopathy, a red nodule on his neck, and parotid gland nodularity. Histologic features of the biopsied cervical lymph node showed follicular hyperplasia with numerous plasma cells. A biopsied skin specimen of the nodule on his neck demonstrated dense infiltration of atypical large lymphocytes into the dermis. Immunohistochemical study of this specimen revealed CD3+, CD4+, and CD56+ expression in the majority of neoplastic cells. Polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus sequences were positive for lymph node and skin DNA. Laboratory examinations showed polyclonal gammopathy, pancytopenia, and high serum interleukin-6 levels. These clinical and histological findings resembled those of multicentric Castleman's disease.     

大鼠海马中56KD、83KD蛋白诱导神经干细胞向神经元分化的协同作用研究

目的:探讨切割海马伞大鼠海马中56KD、83KD蛋白在诱导神经干细胞向神经元分化方面是否具有协同作用.方法:切割海马伞后的海马进行非变件聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,墩低分子量区的56KD、65KD和83KD 3条差异蛋白条带电洗脱后以不同的组合加入鼠胚神经干细胞的分化培养液中诱导神经干细胞分化,12天后行MAP-2免疫荧光染色,记数其中MAP-2阳性神经元数,胞体面积和细胞周长.用STATA7.0软件进行方差分析和两两比较.结果:56KD 65KD 83KD组和56KD 83KD组MAP-2神经元的数量是47.1±9.64,43.7±8.41,胞体大,突起丰富:65KD 83KD组、56KD 65KD组、56KD组和83KD组MAP-2神经元的胞体较小,突起较矩:65KD组和对照组的神经元胞体最小,突起最短.MAP-2神经元的数量、面积和周长统计分析结果显示:56KD 65KD 83KD组和56KD 83KD组与其他6组均有显著性差异.56KD 65KD 83KD组和56KD 83KD组之间没有显著性差异:65KD 83KD组、56KD 65KD组、56KD组和83KD组四组之间没有显著性差异,但是它们与65KD组和对照组均有显著性差异,65KD组和对照组之间没有显著性差异.结论:56KD、83KD蛋白在诱导神经干细胞向神经元分化方面具有协同作用.