中学生焦虑与其相关影响因素的综合研究

目的：综合探讨中学生焦虑状况与其相关影响因素的关系。方法：采用中学生焦虑量表、青少年生活事件量表、艾森克人格问卷、中学生父母教养方式量表和应对量表对558名中学生进行问卷调查。结果：(1)中学生整体的焦虑处于轻度水平，52．6％的学生存在不同程度的焦虑问题，男女生在焦虑水平上不存在较为明显的性别差异，年级差异在焦虑水平上表现也不明显。(2)中学生焦虑与生活事件、父母教养方式、人格和应对方式各因子均有十分显著的相关关系，进一步的回归分析结果表明有八个因素对焦虑的预测作用十分明显，具体为不良情绪应对、学习压力、神经质、父放任型教养方式、人际压力、母过分保护和干涉、解决问题和精神质。结论：中学生中存在较为明显的焦虑问题，多个因素对焦虑有预测作用。     

军队医科大学学员生活事件对心理健康的影响

目的了解军队医科大学学员生活事件的特点及对心理健康状况的影响。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自编生活事件量表对4786名军队医科大学学员的健康水平和生活事件情况进行评估。结果1军队医科大学学员SCL-90各因子的得分在1.34±0.42~1.89±0.59之间,均低于国内普通大学生常模(P<0.01);2军队医科大学学员的生活事件与心理健康有明显相关,r值在0.240~0.511之间。结论军队医科大学学员心理健康状况较好,与生活事件的影响程度关系密切。     

大学生主观幸福感及其影响因素

目的 考察大学生主观幸福感的现状,探讨自尊、社会支持、生活事件等对其主观幸福感的影响.方法 对1～4年级的300名大学生进行幸福感指数量表、自尊量表、社会支持评定量表和青少年生活事件量表等问卷测量.结果 ①大学生主观幸福感处于中等偏上水平(=9.71).②大学生主观幸福感得分在性别上存在显著差异(总分:t=2.239,P＜0.05).③大学生主观幸福感与自尊、社会支持呈显著正相关.④大学生主观幸福感与生活事件呈显著负相关.⑤自尊对大学生主观幸福感有显著的正向预测作用(β=0.308,P＜0.05).⑥社会支持对大学生的主观幸福感也有显著的正向预测作用(β=0.163,P＜0.01).结论 自尊和社会支持对大学生的主观幸福感有显著的正向预测作用,生活事件对大学生主观幸福感的影响较小.     

A novel mitochondria-targeting method using special staining for the detection of apoptotic hepatocytes

ABSTRACT

Early detection of apoptotic cells on histological slides is of major importance for both diagnostic and research areas. In the current study, the aim was to propose a convenient method to stain the mitochondria and establish whether hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis can be identified in tissue sections using the proposed method. Liver tissue from five adult chinchillas was fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin for Goldner’s trichrome (GT) and Groat’s iron hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stains and with Kolster’s fixative for the Heidenhain’s iron hematoxylin procedure. The HE and GT-stained sections showed the morphological features consistent with apoptosis i.e., homogenous intensely acidophilic cytoplasm, cell shrinkage with an irregular outline, nuclear shrinkage with cloudy karyoplasm, and karyopyknosis in the late stage. Sections stained with Heidenhain’s iron hematoxylin method was used to pinpoint mitochondria and revealed cells which were undergoing the first stages of the apoptosis process i.e., disappearance of mitochondria from the cell, chromatin condensation and margination, paracentral localization of nucleoli, and vacuolated nuclei. In more advanced stages of apoptosis, cells presented significant nuclear and cytoplasmic changes. It was concluded that this is the first report targeting the mitochondria, by performing inexpensive histological staining techniques, in order to assess dead cells in situ.     

Concerted type I interferon signaling in microglia and neural cells promotes memory impairment associated with amyloid β plaques

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HIV-1gp41核心结构模拟位的筛选与鉴定

目的：筛选并鉴定HIV-1 gp4l核心表位。方法：用识别HIV-1 gp41的构象特异性单克隆抗体NC-1筛选噬菌体12肽库，通过夹心ELISA、NC-1特异性阻断实验、竞争抑制实验鉴定阳性噬菌体克隆，DNA序列分析阳性克隆。结果：经3轮筛选，随机挑取24个噬菌体克隆，ELISA鉴定表明有lO个克隆可与NC-1结合，DNA序列分析并推导氨基酸序列，共5种序列：HDVHHRWVYLLS、ITVNEWLYTSEQ、HGRSHGMFKPKR、MGPIARPHWHLN、DMYRSPRPKPDT。其中gp41N肽和C肽所形成的复合物可特异性阻断表达HDVHHRWVYLLS，VNEWLYTSEQ和MGPIARPHWHLN的克隆与NC-1的结合。结论：所得序列HDVHHRWVYLLS，VNEWLYTSEQ及MGPIARPHWHLN模拟HIV-1 gp41六螺旋束核心表位。     

Growth failure in Crohn’s disease children: may the first treatment have a role?

Introduction: Growth failure in children is a frequent feature of childhood-onset Crohn’s disease (CD), and stunting can persist into adulthood. Growth is an important outcome by which to judge the effectiveness of therapies in children; currently available studies in CD children have focused on the short-term impact of treatments on growth, and there are limited data regarding the long-term effects of treatments upon growth.

Areas covered: We designed the present article to review whether the first treatment performed in newly diagnosed CD children may have a role on the future growth course. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify relevant studies published on the PubMed database from January 2002 up to now. We found only six surveys that documented mid-term growth course in newly diagnosed CD patients.

Expert commentary: In the last years there have been relevant advances in the clinical management of CD children; however, there is a lack of knowledge about the best strategy to reverse growth failure. Children treated with enteral nutrition have appropriate height and weight gain but do not reverse the growth course. Further surveys are required to better explore not only clinical outcomes but also long-term growth course following each therapeutic strategy.     

高师贫困生自我效能感与主观幸福感的特点及关系研究

目的分析高师贫困生自我效能感、主观幸福感的特点及关系，为心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用一般自我效能感量表、生活满意度量表、快乐感量表，对218名贫困生和216名非贫困生进行测查。结果①高师贫困生生活满意度、快乐感显著低于非贫困生（t=4．811，P〈0．001；t=2．504，P〈0．05），自我效能感差异不显著。②高师贫困生自我效能感存在性别差异（t=2．117，P〈0．05），男生的自我效能感显著高于女生；生活满意度年级差异显著（F=3．547，P〈0．05），大一学生的生活满意度显著高于大二和大三学生，大二和大三之间的差异不显著。③高师贫困生自我效能感与生活满意度、快乐感呈显著正相关（r=0．349，P〈0．01；r=0．436，P〈0．01）。自我效能感水平越高，幸福感越强。结论高师贫困生主观幸福感相对较低，自我效能感与主观幸福感显著相关，通过提升自我效能感水平可以增强主观幸福感。     

单细胞凝胶电泳在遗传学损伤检测中的应用

单细胞凝胶电泳或彗星试验是在暴露人群中评价遗传学损伤的新式方法。这种分析可以快速的探测单一细胞中不同形式的DNA损伤，因此适于在暴露人群分析应用。本文将对彗星试验在临床研究及监测职业、环境、合理饮食、生活方式等对DNA损伤的危险性，以及在DNA损伤与修复研究中的应用等方面进行综述。