近5年可穿戴技术在中医方面的应用

社会人口老龄化使传统的“以医院为中心的医疗保健”模式逐渐发生改变,中医药在慢性病诊疗方面有得天独厚的优势,但是传统的中医四诊模式、依靠医生主观经验、只能采集静态数据等束缚了中医长足发展。近年来,中医药发展已上升至国家战略,中医药产业势必要寻求新科技相结合发展。随着微纳技术、柔性电子、电子皮肤、可植入芯片、3D打印技术的不断发展和日趋完善,可穿戴技术已广泛应用于医疗健康领域,实现了远程医疗。可穿戴技术在中医诊断、疗效评价、养生、经络诊疗、治未病等方面均表现出强大的应用潜力。未来,医生和工程师通力合作,多学科交叉融合,必将推动中医药健康事业的飞速发展。本文对近5年国内外可穿戴技术在中医药领域的应用进行综述。     

From research to clinic: A sensor reduction method for high-density EEG neurofeedback systems

ObjectiveTo accurately deliver a source-estimated neurofeedback (NF) signal developed on a 128-sensors EEG system on a reduced 32-sensors EEG system.MethodsA linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer algorithm was used to select the 64 sensors which contributed most highly to the source signal. Monte Carlo-based sampling was then used to randomly generate a large set of reduced 32-sensors montages from the 64 beamformer-selected sensors. The reduced montages were then tested for their ability to reproduce the 128-sensors NF. The high-performing montages were then pooled and analyzed by a k-means clustering machine learning algorithm to produce an optimized reduced 32-sensors montage.ResultsNearly 4500 high-performing montages were discovered from the Monte Carlo sampling. After statistically analyzing this pool of high performing montages, a set of refined 32-sensors montages was generated that could reproduce the 128-sensors NF with greater than 80% accuracy for 72% of the test population.ConclusionOur Monte Carlo reduction method was used to create reliable reduced-sensors montages which could be used to deliver accurate NF in clinical settings.SignificanceA translational pathway is now available by which high-density EEG-based NF measures can be delivered using clinically accessible low-density EEG systems.     

Detection of Lung Cancer and EGFR Mutation by Electronic Nose System

IntroductionEarly detection of lung cancer (LC) has been well established as a significant key point in patient survival and prognosis. New highly sensitive nanoarray sensors for exhaled volatile organic compounds that have been developed and coupled with powerful statistical programs may be used when diseases such as LC are suspected. Detection of genetic aberration mutation by nanoarray sensors is the next target.MethodsBreath samples were taken from patients who were evaluated for suspicious pulmonary lesions. Patients were classified as those with benign nodules, as patients with LC with or without the EGFR mutation, and according to their smoking status. Breath prints were recognized by nanomaterial-based sensor array, and pattern recognition methods were used.ResultsA total of 119 patients participated in this study, 30 patients with benign nodules and 89 patients with LC (16 with early disease and 73 with advanced disease). Patients with LC who harbored the EGFR mutation (n = 19) could be discriminated from those with wild-type EGFR (n = 34) with an accuracy of 83%, sensitivity of 79%, and specificity of 85%. Discrimination of early LC from benign nodules had 87% accuracy and positive and negative predictive values of 87.7 and 87.5% respectively. Moderate discrimination (accuracy of 76%) was found between LC of heavy smokers and that of never-smokers or distant past light smokers.ConclusionsBreath analysis could discriminate patients with LC who harbor the EGFR mutation from those with wild-type EGFR and those with benign pulmonary nodules from those patients with early LC. A positive breath print for the EGFR mutation may be used in treatment decisions if tissue sampling does not provide adequate material for definitive mutation analysis.     

An aptasensor for selective,sensitive and fast detection of lead(II) based on polyethyleneimine and gold nanoparticles

Lead (Pb), as a major environmental contaminant, could be harmful to humans when inhaled or ingested. In this study, we developed a sensitive, selective and fast colorimetric aptasensor for Pb⁺² based on polyethylenimine (PEI) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In the absence of Pb⁺², aptamer binds to PEI. So the well-dispersed AuNPs remain stable with a wine-red color. Upon the addition of Pb⁺², a conformational change happens and a G-quadruplex aptamer/Pb⁺² complex is formed, leading to the aggregation of AuNPs and a color change to blue. This sensor showed a high selectivity toward Pb⁺² with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 702 pM. Moreover, our fabricated sensor was successfully applied for Pb⁺² detection in rat serum and tap water.     

氧传感器法测定羊水及绒毛中SOD活性的应用

本文将一种测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的新技术──氧传感器肾上腺素自氧化法应用于妊娠早期孕妇绒毛及妊娠中期孕妇丰水细胞中SOD活性值的测定。其方法操作简便、省时。绒毛和丰水样品重视性变异系数分别为3．26％和3．05％。采样后4℃保存72h内测定，可保持最初测定值的94％。100例正常妊娠早期孕妇绒毛及50例正常中期妊娠孕妇丰水中SOD活性值测定结果表明，其SOD活性对数植的频数分布属正态分布。     

Fibre-optical sensor based on fluorescent indicator for monitoring physiological pH values

A fibre-optical sensor has been developed based on the fluoresecent indicator 8-hydroxyl-1,3,6-pyrene trisulphonic acid trisodium salt (HOPSA) for monitoring physiological pH values. Dowex-1 strongly basic anion exchange resin is used as the medium to immobilise the indicator on the end of an optical fibre. Polyurethane is coated on the sensor as the permeable membrane for H⁺. The properties of HOPSA in solution, as well as when immobilised on the sensor, are studied and found to have the potential for monitoring physiological pH values.     

Differentiation of cancer cell type and phenotype using quantum dot-gold nanoparticle sensor arrays

We demonstrate rapid and efficient sensing of mammalian cell types and states using nanoparticle-based sensor arrays. These arrays are comprised of cationic quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that interact with cell surfaces to generate distinguishable fluorescence responses based on cell surface signatures. The use of QDs as the recognition elements as well as the signal transducers presents the potential for direct visualization of selective cell surface interactions. Notably, this sensor is unbiased, precluding the requirement of pre-knowledge of cell state biomarkers and thus providing a general approach for phenotypic profiling of cell states, with additional potential for imaging applications.     

Assessment of Alcohol Use in the Natural Environment

The current article critically reviews 3 methodological options for assessing drinking episodes in the natural environment. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) typically involves using mobile devices to collect self‐report data from participants in daily life. This technique is now widely used in alcohol research, but investigators have implemented diverse assessment strategies. This article focuses on “high‐resolution” EMA protocols that oversample experiences and behaviors within individual drinking episodes. A number of approaches have been used to accomplish this, including using signaled follow‐ups tied to drinking initiation, asking participants to log entries before and after individual drinks or drinking episodes, and delivering frequent signaled assessments during periods of the day when alcohol use is most common. Transdermal alcohol sensors (TAS) are devices that are worn continuously and are capable of detecting alcohol eliminated through the skin. These methods are appealing because they do not rely upon drinkers’ self‐report. Studies using TAS have been appearing with greater frequency over the past several years. New methods are making the use of TAS more tractable by permitting back‐translation of transdermal alcohol concentration data to more familiar estimates of blood alcohol concentration or breath alcohol concentration. However, the current generation of devices can have problems with missing data and tend to be relatively insensitive to low‐level drinking. An emerging area of research investigates the possibility of using mobile device data and machine learning to passively detect the user's drinking, with promising early findings. EMA, TAS, and sensor‐based approaches are all valid, and tend to produce convergent information when used in conjunction with one another. Each has a unique profile of advantages, disadvantages, and threats to validity. Therefore, the nature of the underlying research question must dictate the method(s) investigators select.     

Digital health technology for non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease: Futile or future?

IntroductionThere is an ongoing digital revolution in the field of Parkinson's disease (PD) for the objective measurement of motor aspects, to be used in clinical trials and possibly support therapeutic choices. The focus of remote technologies is now also slowly shifting towards the broad but more “hidden” spectrum of non-motor symptoms (NMS).MethodsA narrative review of digital health technologies for measuring NMS in people with PD was conducted. These digital technologies were defined as assessment tools for NMS offered remotely in the form of a wearable, downloadable as a mobile app, or any other objective measurement of NMS in PD that did not require a hospital visit and could be performed remotely. Searches were performed using peer-reviewed literature indexed databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials), as well as Google and Google Scholar.ResultsEighteen studies deploying digital health technology in PD were identified, for example for the measurement of sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension. In addition, we describe promising developments in other conditions that could be translated for use in PD.ConclusionUnlike motor symptoms, non-motor features of PD are difficult to measure directly using remote digital technologies. Nonetheless, it is currently possible to reliably measure several NMS and further digital technology developments are underway to offer further capture of often under-reported and under-recognised NMS.     

Assessment of Adaptive Rate Response Provided by Accelerometer,Minute Ventilation and Dual Sensor Compared with Normal Sinus Rhythm During Exercise: A Self-controlled Study in Chronotropically Competent Subjects

Background:Dual sensor (DS) for rate adaption was supposed to be more physiological.To evaluate its superiority,the DS (accelerometer [ACC] and minute ventilation [MV]) and normal sinus rate response w...