视频终端尺寸对儿童视疲劳的影响

 目的 探讨视频终端尺寸对儿童视疲劳的影响。方法 选取儿童30名为研究对象,年龄8~13岁,所有受检者在相同条件下,每人均通过手机、平板和电视3种视频终端观看2节20 min的课程视频,比较观看后的视力、瞬目次数及Schirmer试验数据。结果 (1)观看课程视频后,3种终端双眼视力较测前(右眼5.00±0.00,左眼5.00±0.00)均有所下降(P<0.05),手机组(右眼4.90±0.05,左眼4.86±0.07)低于电视组(右眼4.98±0.02,左眼4.94±0.05),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)观看视频35 min时,各组瞬目次数较基础值(12.10±0.88)显著增加,其中手机组(22.80±1.48)高于平板组(19.70±2.06)和电视组(17.10±1.52),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3) Schirmer试验显示,观看视频后,各组双眼泪液分泌量较基础[右眼(12.30±1.06)mm,左眼(12.30±1.49)mm]明显增加,其中手机组[右眼(20.40±1.84)mm,左眼(20.70±2.45) mm]多于平板组[右眼(17.40±1.17)mm,左眼(17.70±2.00)mm]和电视组[右眼(15.30±0.82)mm,左眼(15.60±1.58)mm],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 儿童使用视频设备后会产生视疲劳,屏幕较小的视频终端比大屏幕终端引发的视疲劳症状更重。     

Racial Disparities in End-of-Life Care Between Black and White Adults With Metastatic Cancer

ContextThe comfort of patients with cancer near the end of life (EOL) is often undermined by unnecessary and burdensome treatments. There is a need for more research examining racial disparities in EOL care, especially in regions with a history of racial discrimination.ObjectivesTo examine whether black adults received more burdensome EOL care than white adults in a population-based data set of cancer decedents in Louisiana, a state with a history of slavery and long-standing racial disparities.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of EOL care from the Research Action for Health Network (REACHnet), a regional Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute-funded database. The sample consisted of 875 white and 415 black patients with metastatic cancer who died in Louisiana from 2011 to 2017. We used logistic regression to examine whether race was associated with five indicators of burdensome care in the last 30 days of life: chemotherapy use, inpatient hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, emergency department (ED) admission, and mechanical ventilation.ResultsMost patients (85.0%) received at least one indicator of burdensome care: hospitalization (76.5%), intensive care unit admission (44.1%), chemotherapy (29.1%), mechanical ventilation (23.0%), and ED admission (18.3%). Odds ratios (ORs) indicated that black individuals were more likely than white individuals to be hospitalized (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.21–2.28; P = 0.002) or admitted to the ED (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.16–2.13; P = 0.004) during their last month of life.ConclusionFindings have implications for informing health care decision making near the EOL for patients, families, and clinicians, especially in regions with a history of racial discrimination and disparities.     

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease immunoreactivity in germ cells of experimental varicocele-induced rat testes

Increased germ cell apoptosis is related to oxidative DNA damage; therefore, we investigated whether there was a significant change in apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) in varicoceles. Experimental varicoceles were created by partial ligation of the left renal vein of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after varicocele creation. Testicular tissues were sampled for TUNEL, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. There was a significant increase in apoptotic germ cells in the ipsilateral testes 6 weeks after varicocele creation. Increased activation of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the left testes was also noted. APE increased activation until 3 weeks after varicocele creation, and then decreased at 6 weeks after varicocele surgery. The spermatocytes were immunostained for both 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and APE, but the spermatogonia revealed only APE immunopositivity in the defective tubules. These results suggest that repression of APE is an underlying mechanism of augmented p53-dependent apoptosis in varicocele-induced rat testes and that remaining APE in the spermatogonia plays a decisive role in regaining testicular spermatogenic function after varicocelectomy.     

Test Characteristics of Cross-sectional Imaging and Concordance With Endoscopy in Postoperative Crohn’s Disease

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Immunostimulatory DNA ameliorates experimental and spontaneous murine colitis

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Impaired mucosal barrier, cytokine imbalance, and dysregulated CD4(+) T cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease. Immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS-DNA) and their synthetic oligonucleotide analogs (ISS-ODNs) are derived from bacterial DNA, are potent activators of innate immunity at systemic and mucosal sites, and can rescue cells from death inflicted by different agents. We hypothesized that these combined effects of ISS-DNA could inhibit the damage to the colonic mucosa in chemically induced colitis and thereby limit subsequent intestinal inflammation. METHODS: The protective and the anti-inflammatory effect of ISS-ODN administration were assessed in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and in 2 models of hapten-induced colitis in Balb/c mice. Similarly, these effects of ISS-ODN were assessed in spontaneous colitis occurring in IL-10 knockout mice. RESULTS: In all models of experimental and spontaneous colitis examined, ISS-ODN administration ameliorated clinical, biochemical, and histologic scores of colonic inflammation. ISS-ODN administration inhibited the induction of colonic proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and suppressed the induction of colonic matrix metalloproteinases in both dextran sodium sulfate- and hapten-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS: As the colon is continuously exposed to bacterial DNA, these findings suggest a physiologic, anti-inflammatory role for immunostimulatory DNA in the GI tract. Immunostimulatory DNA deserves further evaluation for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease.     

Estrogen Activation of G-Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 Regulates Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and mTOR Signaling to Promote Liver Growth in Zebrafish and Proliferation of Human Hepatocytes

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