2001-2004年《中国胸心血管外科临床杂志》引文分析

目的 了解《中国胸心血管外科临床杂志》引文引用规律及情报吸收能力，找出我国胸心血管外科研究领域科研及临床人员的文献需求特征，为该学科研究人员利用文献提出建议。方法 采用引文计量分析法按文章发表的时序逐篇统计该刊2001-2004年刊载的639篇文章所引用的参考文献。结果 引文率为78．72％，篇均引文量为7．88条，主要引文类型为期刊（94．90％）和图书（5．10％），普赖斯指数52．33％，作者自引率2．36％，期刊自引率3．61％。被引用频次前20位的中外文期刊的引文量占引文总量的48．17％。结论 中国胸心血管外科杂志是该领域高水平的专业学术期刊。引文类型以期刊为主，引文语种以英、中文为主．引文内容新颖性好．质量水平高。     

学报类科研论文中有关实验动物学的文献统计

目的:分析实验动物学方法在中医药学科科研论文中的应用情况.方法:应用文献计量统计方法.结果:在21所中医药高等院校学报2003年发表的3893篇论文中有456篇与实验动物学有关,占论文总数的11.71%;在456篇论著中,接受厅局级以上资助的课题有235篇,占总数的51.54%;在人员构成上,标明第一作者具有副高以上职称和硕士以上学位水平者达到37.72%和47.15%.能清楚描述实验动物的种名品系、来源、性别、数目和体重(或年龄)的论著分别为91.89%、90.13%、89.25%、95.61%和94.96%;只有71篇论著使用的实验动物是清洁级或SPF级,49篇论著提及了实验动物的应用环境,分别占有关论文总数的15.57%和10.45%;饲料来源清楚的有5.26%.456篇论著共使用525批实验动物,涉及大鼠、小鼠和家兔的论文为276篇、163篇和52篇,分别占52.57%、31.05%和9.90%.结论:在继承和加快中医药发展的科学研究中,实验动物和动物实验已经占据了重要位置;广大科研工作者在设计科研课题时,既要考虑实验动物的遗传学控制,也要重视微生物学控制;在撰写论文时,应详细、全面、准确地记述实验动物和动物实验内容,以提高论著的研究水平和科学性.     

El plagio y las revistas depredadoras como amenaza a la integridad científica

This article presents an analysis of the concept of plagiarism in order to show the wide spectrum of manifestations that can be considered as such when committing a transgression of intellectual property, carried out with the intention of deceiving the authors’ true contribution and the originality and novelty of the information.The article describes the concurrent circumstances in intentional plagiarism, and the damage that this misconduct causes in the credibility of the scientific system, in which authorship credit is the foundation of the academic career, of the prestige of the author in the scientific community, and the basis for research funding.Some circumstances are favouring this fraud: the pressure exerted on researchers by the criteria used for promotion and reward that prioritise the quantity of works on their quality, the existence of a market for the purchase and sale of scientific articles, and the proliferation of predatory journals that operate without or minimal ethical standards.Finally, the paper highlights the convenience of the adoption of criteria that prioritise the intrinsic quality of the work versus its quantity, including the active involvement of the institutions in the development of active policies for the prevention, detection, and punishment of the cases of potential fraud, and emphasize that, in the end, the prevention of fraud relies on the individual adoption of an ethical and responsible behaviour.     

大数据时代无服务器计算在科技情报服务中的应用

无服务器计算和科技情报的有机结合可形成数据、服务、应用的生态闭环，有助于为未来科技情报工作的发展提供有力支撑。研究分析了云计算在当前科技情报服务中的弊端和基于无服务器计算的科技情报服务平台的优势，总结了科技情报服务的基本流程和无服务器计算在科技情报服务系统中的应用经验，结合大数据、无服务器计算等技术和科技情报服务方法论构建了基于无服务器计算的科技情报服务系统模型和架构，为今后构建无服务器科技情报服务系统的相关研究与实践提供新思路。     

Potential health risks to adults and children in the UK from exposure to dietary lead in gamebirds shot with lead ammunition

We estimate potential risks to human health in the UK from dietary exposure to lead from wild gamebirds killed by shooting. The main source of exposure to lead in Europe is now dietary. We used data on lead concentrations in UK gamebirds, from which gunshot had been removed following cooking to simulate human exposure to lead. We used UK food consumption and lead concentration data to evaluate the number of gamebird meals consumed weekly that would be expected, based upon published studies, to result in changes, over and above those resulting from exposure to lead in the base diet, in intelligence quotient (IQ), Systolic Blood Pressure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) considered in a recent opinion of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to be significant at a population level and also in SAT test scores and in rates of spontaneous abortion. We found the consumption of <1 meal of game a week may be associated with a one point reduction in IQ in children and 1.2–6.5 gamebird meals per week may be associated with the other effects. These results should help to inform the development of appropriate responses to the risks from ingesting lead from ammunition in game in the UK and European Union (EU).     

新形势下建设平安社区医院的思考

党的十八大提出要提高人民健康水平,为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的公共卫生和基本医疗服务的目标,新形势下如何将建设平安社区医院推向更高科学化水平成为重大实践性课题。从建设平安社区医院现实意义进行分析,重点阐述建设平安社区医院要围绕民生问题入手,最终强调建设平安社区医院必须提升科学化管理水平是关键。     

科研实验室服务本科生创新性实验的探索

科研实验室作为本科生创新性实验的重要实践平台，不管是在硬件条件还是创新文化氛围方面，都具有其独特的优势。以近年来本科生创新性实验团队在发光与实时分析教育部重点实验室的科研实践，分析总结了本科生创新实践教育的几点体会与思考，对于又快又好发现和培养更多的研究型人才，大力促进当前本科生实践教育具有重要意义，具有较好的借鉴和推广价值。     

“中国科技期刊登峰行动计划”入选期刊发展现状及建议

【目的】 通过统计分析“中国科技期刊登峰行动计划”入选期刊的发展现状,为优化资助机制、培育世界一流科技期刊提供参考。【方法】 基于Web of Science的JCR评价数据,运用文献计量法和深度访谈法对入选期刊发展现状和存在问题进行分析并提出建议。【结果】 入选期刊影响因子总体提升不明显,存在片面追求影响因子的倾向;资助的“解渴”“解困”作用明显,但由于期刊国际化办刊思路不清晰,谋划不足,撬动期刊实现世界一流建设目标的杠杆作用发挥得并不充分。【结论】 资助方应通过注重资助效果评估和反馈,清晰资助导向,促进资助效果形成良性循环。期刊方应深入理解“世界一流科技期刊”的建设内涵,把握规律,探索模式,积极进行国际化办刊实践,提升期刊国际影响力。     

Evaluation of the scientific impact of the Ebola epidemic: a systematic review

ObjectivesThe Ebola outbreak prompted an extensive number of scientific publications, but little attention has been paid to the involvement of local scientists, distribution of research funding and related publications. We sought to systematically review publicly available information on the scientific impact of the Ebola epidemic.MethodsA systematic review of literature on the Ebola outbreak was performed. Extracted information included origins of the authors, type and distribution of funding, and impact factors (IF) of related publications between 6 December 2013, and 22 December 2015.ResultsWe identified 460 relevant articles out of 3281 references, which were mostly authored by American (46.6%) and European (28.4%) institutions; only 13.4% of authors were affiliated with African institutions. Most IF can be attributed to the Americas and Europe, with 43% (25 030.8 IF) and 34.5% (20 074.2 IF), respectively, compared with 17.9% (10 436.5 IF) in Africa. Funds were provided mainly by the Americas (31.8% of all funded studies) and Europe (17%). American and European funds were also distributed back, mainly to American (77.8%) and European (85.2%) institutions, respectively.ConclusionsThe Ebola outbreak had a significant scientific impact and resulted in numerous publications in high IF journals. The main impact could be measured in the Americas and Europe, and was directly related to funding. African researchers were only marginally involved in the scientific processing (86.6% of all researchers were not African), probably because major research centres are located in America and Europe. Our results suggest the importance of promoting closer cooperation between regions.