Schistosoma mansoni tetraspanning orphan receptor (SmTOR): a new vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis

One approach to fight against schistosomiasis is to develop an efficient vaccine. Schistosoma mansoni tetraspanning orphan receptor (SmTOR) might be a vaccine candidate, as it is a tegument membrane protein expressed most highly in cercariae. In this study we characterized the recombinant first extracellular domain of SmTOR (rSmTORed1) as having the expected property to bind C2 of complement similarly to a smaller peptide of the same domain, and to produce specific and high-titre antibodies in BALB/c mice immunized using complete Freund''s adjuvant/incomplete Freund''s adjuvant (CFA/IFA). Immunization was protective against parasite infection, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in worm burden in immunized BALB/c mice versus the control groups over two independent trials [64 and 45% reduction for mean adult worm burden in immunized versus phosphate-bufferd saline (PBS) injected mice]. Interestingly, infection by itself did not lead to the generation of anti-rSmTORed1 antibodies, corresponding to the low frequency of specific anti-rSmTORed1 antibodies detected in the sera of patients infected with S. mansoni (2/20; 10%). These data suggest that, as opposed to the natural infection during which SmTOR induces antibodies only rarely, immunization with its smaller first extracellular domain might be more efficient.     

序列标签法寻找日本血吸虫新基因

目的　寻找日本血吸虫新的疫苗候选分子 ,通过构建基因的反义核酸表达载体进行基因性质功能研究。　方法　运用表达序列标签法寻找并获得日本血吸虫新基因 ,对未知基因进行功能分析 ,并构建反义真核表达载体。　结果　获得表达序列标签 JAYL0 2 30的全长 c DNA序列 ,其推导氨基酸序列与人类和猪等生物的抗凋亡因子 1具有同源性 ,将之反向克隆入真核表达载体 p EGFP- N3中。　结论　表达序列标签法与生物信息技术结合有利于寻找新基因 ,反义核酸载体的构建为进一步研究基因功能提供帮助     

日本血吸虫中国大陆株基因重组抗原Sj 22.6kDa的核苷酸序列分析

目的：对ｐＧＳｊ２４克隆化基因进行核苷酸序列分析，了解其编码蛋白的属性。方法：常规制备ｐＧＳｊ２４克隆化基因并重组入测序载体Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９，以ＤＹＥＰＲＩＭＥＲ荧光测序试剂盒进行核苷酸序列测定。分别以ＤＮＡＳＩＳ和ＧＯＬＤＫＥＹ软件对序列资料进行分析。结果：ｐＧＳｊ２４克隆化基因长８４０ｂｐ，含一开放阅读框，可编码一分子量为２２．６ｋＤａ的蛋白质。开读框上游和下游均有终止密码子。该基因与已发表的日本血吸虫２２．６ｋＤａ蛋白的编码基因同源性达９５％，编码区同源性达９９．７％。在该基因内有一段典型的ＥＦ－Ｈａｎｄ钙结合区序列，并有内质网导肽、微体导向信号等功能位点。预测该蛋白质内可能的抗原决定簇位置为第２９－３２、６３－６８和８７－１０１等氨基酸片段。结论：ｐＧＳｊ２４克隆化基因为日本血吸虫２２．６ｋＤａ抗原编码基因。     

Variations in helminth faecal egg counts in Kato-Katz thick smears and their implications in assessing infection status with Schistosoma mansoni

Examination of stool specimens by Kato-Katz (K-K) thick smears is the standard method recommended by the WHO for field diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis. However, there is increasing concern that this technique has low diagnostic sensitivity. In 326 study subjects, we compared the diagnostic yield of examining one, three or five Kato-Katz thick smears prepared from one stool specimen using 41.7 mg templates. In a subset of 169 subjects who had no demonstrable Schistosoma mansoni eggs in their first three Kato-Katz thick smears, we assessed the comparative advantage of examining an additional three Kato-Katz thick smears from another stool specimen, taken four weeks later, to that of cumulative yield obtained by examining all five Kato-Katz thick smears derived from the first stool specimen. For all helminth infections, single Kato-Katz thick smear-based prevalence estimates were significantly lower than those obtained from triplet or quintet Kato-Katz thick smears. Prevalence of S. mansoni infection based on single, triplet and quintet Kato-Katz thick smears from one stool specimen were 31.3%, 45.7% and 52.1%, respectively. Prevalence estimate of S. mansoni based on quintet Kato-Katz thick smears from the first day stool specimens was not different from cumulative estimate obtained with two triplet Kato-Katz thick smears from two stool specimens, 52.1% and 52.8%, respectively. In conclusion, either examination of quintet Kato-Katz thick smears from one stool specimen using 41.7 mg template or initial triplet Kato-Katz thick smears from one stool specimen, and if these are negative, followed by examination of additional triplet Kato-Katz thick smears from subsequent day stool specimen can adequately assess individuals for infection status with S. mansoni.     

家兔对小鼠抗血吸虫靶抗原单克隆抗体的抗抗体应答

本文报告从分泌具血吸虫保护性IgG_(2a)表型1E2McAb的杂交瘤培养上清液中,应用蛋白A-葡聚糖柱层析法纯化的McAb免疫家兔,采用纯化McAb分别进行Dot-ELISA、免疫双扩散和免疫印迹试验、ELISA观察免疫血清中抗McAb和抗-抗McAb的产生及其动态变化规律。主要结果表明:(1)1E2McAb免疫后,20d开始出现抗McAb,若不加强免疫,抗McAb逐渐减弱:若加强免疫,则抗McAb水平较高,且持续30-50d。(2)免疫血清中的抗-抗McAb,能起抗-抗Id的作用,可识别不同的血吸虫抗原及血吸虫抗原中不同抗原决定簇(90,68和45kD_a),而且免疫后不同时期抗-抗McAb识别不同抗原的水平不同(滴度1:100-1:1600)。对抗血吸虫肥抗原McAb免疫后抗抗体应答的观察,可为研制不同抗独特型McAb创造条件。     

日本血吸虫黏蛋白样蛋白部分基因的扩增及测序

目的　体外扩增日本血吸虫中国大陆株黏蛋白样蛋白(SjMLP)抗原的部分基因序列。　方法　利用PCGENE软件查找SmMLP的抗原决定簇;特定寡核苷酸引物的设计与合成;Trizol抽提日本血吸虫成虫总RNA,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)扩增目的基因,测序后与SmMLP进行同源性分析。　结果　RT PCR特异性扩增出SjMLP编码区基因序列,其片段大小为756bp,测序结果与SmMLP具有高度同源性。　结论　RTPCR扩增的SjMLP抗原编码区基因序列与预期相符合。     

日本血吸虫SjC21.7核酸疫苗诱导小鼠保护性免疫作用的研究

目的　研究日本血吸虫中国大陆株 2 1.7k Da膜蛋白分子 (Sj C2 1.7)核酸疫苗对 BAL B/ c小鼠的免疫保护性作用。　方法　采用 PCR方法扩增出特异性 Sj C2 1.7基因的开放阅读框序列 ,在其起始密码子处引入 Kozark序列。将目的基因片段亚克隆到真核表达质粒 pc DNA3.1中 ,构建重组真核表达质粒 Sj C2 1.7- pc DNA3.1。 4 8只 BAL B/ c小鼠分为对照组、实验组和加强组。对照组小鼠的股四头肌注射接种 pc DNA3.1,实验组同法注射重组质粒 Sj C2 1.7- pc D-NA3.1,加强组除注射重组质粒 Sj C2 1.7- pc DNA3.1外 ,同时注射重组质粒 P35 - pc DNA3.1及 P4 0 - pc DNA。每隔 2 wk免疫 1次 ,共免疫 3次。第 3次免疫后第 30天 ,每只鼠感染 4 5± 1条尾蚴 ,4 5 d后剖杀计数各组小鼠成虫数及肝卵数。通过 EL ISA和免疫组化分析观察小鼠免疫学特征的变化。　结果　免疫组化分析显示 ,实验组小鼠股四头肌局部组织有特异性抗原蛋白表达。EL ISA分析表明 ,免疫后实验组和加强组有部分小鼠出现特异性 Ig G抗体。与对照组比较 ,实验组减虫率及减卵率分别为 2 9.9%及 13.8% ,加强组分别为 31.9%及 2 8.0 %。加强组减卵率显著高于实验组(P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　 Sj C2 1.7核酸疫苗能诱导 BAL B/ c小鼠产生一定水平的抗血吸虫感染     

重组日本血吸虫亲环素A的原核表达及免疫保护作用的研究

目的 克隆、表达日本血吸虫亲环素A(SjCyPA)基因,并对重组蛋白的免疫保护效果进行实验室评价.方法 构建pET28-SjCyPA重组质粒,转化感受态大肠杆菌BL21/DE3.用IPTG诱导表达,经亲和层析纯化目的蛋白.用PBS、rSjCyPA分别免疫小鼠后进行日本血吸虫尾蚴攻击感染,观察其免疫保护效果.结果 成功表达了可溶性SjCyPA蛋白并得到纯化,经Western blot鉴定为血吸虫蛋白.rSjCyPA免疫小鼠产生60.10％的减虫率和43.42％的减卵率,HE染色及Masson染色揭示实验组肝脏虫卵肉芽肿及纤维化明显减轻.结论 rSjCyPA具有较好的抗血吸虫感染和抗血吸虫病的作用,是一个有前景的血吸虫疫苗候选分子.     

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Schistosomiasis-Related Deaths,Brazil, 2000–2011

We analyzed spatiotemporal patterns of 8,756 schistosomiasis-related deaths in Brazil during 2000–2011 and identified high-risk clusters of deaths, mainly in highly schistosomiasis-endemic areas along the coast of Brazil’s Northeast Region. Schistosomiasis remains a neglected public health problem with a high number of deaths in disease-endemic and emerging focal areas.