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??Abstracts??Children’s allergic diseases have become onekind ofcommonchronic diseases??which are seriously harmful to children’s physical and mental health. Digestive tractallergy isone aspect of theallergic diseases?? involving??infant colic??oralallergysyndrome??allergicproctocolitis??food protein inducedenterocolitissyndrome??glutenallergydisease??eosinophilic esophagitis??eosinophilic gastroenteritis??allergicpurpura??abdominal??,etc..This article focuses on diagnosis andcoping strategies??in order to help toimprove the level of diagnosis and treatmentin clinics.     

The impact of the recommendation of routine rotavirus vaccination in Germany: An interrupted time-series analysis

BackgroundRotavirus is a highly contagious virus causing gastroenteritis, mostly in children under the age of 5. Since 2006, two vaccines are available in Germany. In 2013, these were included into the German national vaccination schedule. The aim of this intervention is to reduce the incidence and hospitalization among children under 5 years caused by rotavirus. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed in this study.MethodsNational surveillance data of laboratory confirmed rotavirus infections among children under the age of 5 were analyzed using interrupted time-series analysis. Weekly incidence from 2011 to 2017 and monthly hospital discharge rates from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed using a segmented generalized linear model with Poisson distribution.ResultsAfter adjusting for seasonal effects the incidence were approximately 22% (95% CI: 13.2–30.1) lower than expected following the intervention. The hospitalizations were approximately 27% (95% CI: 14.9–39.7) lower than expected following the intervention. The long-term effects of the intervention were nearly zero. The incidence changed in trend by −0.2% (95% CI: −0.1 to (−0.3)) and the hospitalizations by +0.2% (95% CI: 1.2–(−0.8)) following the intervention.ConclusionAfter the inclusion of the vaccines into the national vaccination schedule significant immediate effects of this intervention were found. The weekly incidences and monthly hospitalization caused by the rotavirus were more than 20% lower than expected. The long-term effects of the intervention however were found to be nearly zero. This could be caused by a low vaccination rate in the German population.     

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Discovery of a Recombinant Swine Enteric Coronavirus,Italy

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been detected sporadically in Italy since the 1990s. We report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in Italy during 2007–2014 and identify a drastic shift in PEDV strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombination of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and PEDV.     

Saliviruses—the first knowledge about a newly discovered human picornavirus

The salivirus, first discovered in the year 2009, is a member of the large and growing family Picornaviridae. At present, the genus Salivirus contains 1 species Salivirus A and 2 genotypes, Salivirus A1 and Salivirus A2. Salivirus has been identified in humans and chimpanzees and may cause acute gastroenteritis in humans, having been detected in 0% to 8.7% of fecal samples collected from gastroenteritis in different human populations. Salivirus is ubiquitous in wastewater of human origin and river water specimens worldwide and represents a potential indicator human RNA virus for monitoring of environmental samples. This review summarizes the current knowledge on saliviruses including discovery, taxonomy, genome structure, and genetic diversity; covers all aspects of infection including epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, clinical feature, host species, environmental characteristics, and laboratory diagnosis; and gives a summary of possible future perspectives.     

Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in Italian children with gastroenteritis

Abstract A 1-year study involving 157 gastroenteritis samples was conducted to investigate the role of human astrovirus (HAstV) as a cause of gastroenteritis in Italian children aged < 2 years. The overall incidence of HAstV was 3.1%. Most cases occurred between March and May, and four of the five isolates were of the HAstV-1 type, the other being HAstV-3. Analysis of genetic variability showed that the three HAstV-1 isolates collected in 2000 clustered together, but separately from the 1999 isolate. The results indicated that HAstV should be considered as a potential diarrhoeal pathogen in Italian children.     

HUMAN CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN NORTH QUEENSLAND

:During a 12-month period, feces from 780 persons from the Townsville region were evaluated by the Kinyoun acid-fast strain, and 36 (4.6%) immunocompetent patients were found to have Cryptosporidium oocysts. Twenty-five index cases were identified; 13 (8.6%) cases from 151 patients were from Palm Island, an isolated Aboriginal community in the wet tropics and 12 (1.9%) cases from 629 patients were from the dry tropics of Townsville. All 11 secondary cases were associated with a person-to-person outbreak in the nursery of a Townsville day-care centre. Infection occurred mainly in two distinct age groups: the under five-year-old (27 cases), and the 25 to 35-year-old (six cases). A prodrome of dry cough, rhinorrhea and vomiting often preceded symptoms of fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, persistent cough and vomiting, and acute diarrhea with frequent, non-bloodstained, watery, mucous stools. Although 13 patients were hospitalised because of their illness, the infection was self-limiting and all 36 patients recovered with symptomatic treatment. Cryptosporidium was the third most commonly identified enteric pathogen after Rotavirus and Giardia. Infection did not appear to depend on seasonal variation and no animal or environmental sources of infection were identified. Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent persons is endemic and common in North Queensland and routine investigations for this parasite in symptomatic patients are warranted.     

新生儿轮状病毒无症状感染的聚合酶链反应研究

选用与 A 组人类轮状病毒(Human Romvirus,HRV)编码 VP7蛋白的第9基因(或8)两个保守序列互补的引物,建立检测 A 组 HRV dsRNA 的聚合酶链反应技术,扩增产物片段约342bp。经逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT—PCT)检测18例无腹泻症状新生儿89份粪便标本,并与聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)方法进行比较,结果前者检出 HRV 核酸54份(60.7%),而后者则检出35份(39.3%),PCR 结果可能比较接近新生儿排泌轮状病毒的实际情况。     

福建省发现A组第Ⅰ亚群轮状病毒变异图型

我们于1988年11月份,应用RNA-PAGE、EM和轮状病毒ELJSA等试验方法,对273份急性腹泻病人的粪便标本进行检测,发现1株具有A组抗原的典型轮状病毒。但其RNV基因分析可见清晰的12个RNA基因片段区带,说明该株轮状病毒的基因结构是由12个双链RNA片段组成,从而彻底地改变了A组轮状病毒的4:2:3:2基因模式,重组了独具一格的4:3:3:2基因模式,且整个基因组的泳动长度与HRV短型一致。RNA片段的分子量范围为1.82～0.28×10~6,总分子量为11.46×10~8。上述特点说明T_(314)株是A组第Ⅰ亚群轮状病毒的变异图型。目前尚未见到亚群Ⅰ变异的报告,有待进一步研究。