拉米夫定治疗后乙肝病毒耐药基因突变检测及其临床意义

目的 检测服用拉米夫定治疗后乙型肝炎病毒发生基因突变的情况,分析其临床意义.方法 选取2009年1月～2011年6月在某院收治的128例乙型肝炎患者,随机均分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者给予拉米夫定治疗,对照组给予除拉米夫定以外的其他综合治疗,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测所有研究对象的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV-DNA)耐药基因180位点和204位点突变的情况.结果 观察组患者基因突变各模式的阳性率均高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组患者基因突变阳性率与服药时间成正比,用药时间越长发生突变阳性率越高(P＜0.05).结论 长时间服用拉米夫定可引起乙型肝炎病毒发生基因突变,而且基因突变阳性率与服药时间成正比,用药时间越长发生突变阳性率越高.通过YMDD变异株的检测,可为临床诊治提供依据,指导临床正确用药.     

肠球菌属耐药基因检测及耐药性分析

目的 探讨临床分离肠球菌标本的来源分布与耐药性及耐药基因.方法 选取2009年感染患者的肠球菌属分离株,采用常规方法进行菌种鉴定及药物敏感试验,并对其耐药基因进行检测.结果 粪肠球菌检出20株,占57.1％,屎肠球菌共分离到15株,占42.9％;21株多药耐药肠球菌中,阳性基因aac(6′)/aph(2″)、aph(3′)-Ⅲ、ant(6)-Ⅰ、ermB、tetM分别检出19、11、11、19、10株,检出率分别为90.5％、52.4％、52.4％、90.5％、47.6％.结论 临床分离的肠球菌属多药耐药严重;携带抗菌药物相关耐药基因是导致菌株对抗菌药物产生耐药的重要原因.     

左氧氟沙星治疗耐多药肺结核近期疗效观察

目的　观察左氧氟沙星对耐多药肺结核的近期疗效。方法 92例耐多药肺结核患者随机分为治疗组 50例和对照组 42例，化疗方案分别是 3HKZThV/18HZTh，3HKZTh/18HZTh，观察两组痰菌阴转、病变吸收和症状改善情况。结果 治疗组 3月和 6月的痰菌阴转率、病变吸收率、症状改善率分别是 40.0%，58.0%；54.0%，72.0%；66.0%，76.0%，对照组分别是 19.0%，35.7%；33.3%，42.9%；38.1%，45.2%，两组之间有显著性差异 (P＜0.05)。结论 左氧氟沙星联合其他化疗药物 3月强化治疗耐多药肺结核效果明显。     

体外受精-胚胎移植周期中卵巢动脉血流阻力指数对妊娠结局的影响

为探讨体外受精 -胚胎移植 (IVF- ET)周期中卵巢动脉血流阻力指数 (RI)对妊娠结局的影响 ,对接受IVF- ET治疗的 6 2例不孕妇女 ,监测月经第 2天、第 8天、HCG(绒毛膜促性腺激素 )注射日卵巢动脉血流阻力指数 (RI) ,观察取卵后卵子受精率、卵裂率、胚胎质量及妊娠结局。结果示平均 RI值越低 ,妊娠率越高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;月经第 2天、月经第 8天、HCG注射日卵巢动脉 RI呈递减趋势 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;证实 RI水平随月经天数的增加呈下降趋势 ,平均 RI水平越低 ,IVF- ET结局越好     

正交设计筛选抗幽门螺杆菌甲硝唑耐药株天然药物的最佳组合方案

目的筛选天然药物治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合方案。方法运用正交设计方法筛选臭灵丹、石榴皮、蒲公英三种天然药物抗坳甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合。结果三种天然药物对Hp甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合方案为：臭灵丹（MIC90，77．9mg／ml），石榴皮（MIC90，131．1mg／ml），蒲公英（MIC75，117．27mg／ml）。结论正交设计方法有效的筛选出了三种天然药物的最佳组合方案．提高了实验效率，节约科研资源。     

嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌医院感染危险因素及预后分析

目的:研究本院嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,SMA)医院感染特征,探讨SMA医院感染患者的预后及感染危险因素,为有效控制和减少SMA医院感染,降低患者病死率提供依据。方法:对本院2008-2013年临床分离的238株SMA流行病学资料进行回顾性研究。采用1∶2成组病例对照方法选取同时期非SMA感染患者作为对照组,分析SMA感染的危险因素。结果:238株SMA对常用的β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药率高。对19个与SMA感染相关的因素进行单变量分析和非条件多元Logistic回归分析发现含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂抗生素使用(OR=2.015,95%CI=1.420².858)、碳青霉烯类抗生素使用(OR=2.249,95%CI=1.5012.858)、碳青霉烯类抗生素使用(OR=2.249,95%CI=1.501³.372)和ICU入住>7 d(OR=2.216,95%CI=1.5303.372)和ICU入住>7 d(OR=2.216,95%CI=1.530³.208)是SMA医院感染的独立危险因素,但喹诺酮类抗生素的使用具有一定的保护性作用(OR=0.459,95%CI=0.3073.208)是SMA医院感染的独立危险因素,但喹诺酮类抗生素的使用具有一定的保护性作用(OR=0.459,95%CI=0.307⁰.688)。结论:医院感染SMA耐药性强,感染者的平均住院时间明显长于对照组。SMA医院感染具有多个独立危险因素,加强对这些独立危险因素的控制可有效预防其感染扩散。     

经导管射频消融去肾交感神经术治疗顽固性高血压的研究进展

高血压是严重危害人类健康的常见多发疾病,并且是大多数心、脑血管疾病的发病基础。尽管多数高血压患者的血压可以用1种或2种抗高血压药物得到满意控制,给患者带来很大益处,但仍有相当比例的患者表现为顽固性高血压,即高血压患者经3种以上抗高血压药物联合治疗,剂量与疗程足够,而血压仍不能降至正常。另外,降压药物依从性差是血压得不到有效控制的一个重要原因。因此,探索一种新的、有效的治疗策略以弥补药物治疗的不足,提高患者依从性显得尤为迫切。近年来,经导管射频消融去肾交感神经术（Catheter—basedrenalsympatheticdenervation,RSD）在治疗顽固性高血压方面显示了巨大潜力,成为国内外研究的热点。本文就RSD的临床研究进展作一综述。     

AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRUE AND WHITE-COAT RESISTANT HYPERTENSION

The resistant hypertension has been differentiated in true resistant hypertension and white-coat resistant hypertension by using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. White-coat resistant hypertension was defined as high clinic blood pressure, despite triple treatment for at least 3 months, but day-time blood pressure values < 135/85 mmHg. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of different clinical characteristics between two types of resistant hypertension.

The study group consisted of 49 patients with essential hypertension, resistant to an adequate and appropriate triple-drug therapy, that included a diuretic, with all 3 drugs prescribed in near maximal doses and that had persistently elevated clinic blood pressure (>140/90 mm Hg), for at least 3 months. They represented the 2% of 2500 hypertensive outpatients that referred at our Hypertension Unit. Patients with white-coat resistant hypertension (n=19) were older (p<0.05) than those with true resistant hypertension (n=30). The sodium intake (p<0.05) and alcohol intake (p<0.05) were significantly higher in patients with true resistant hypertension than in those with white-coat resistant hypertension. The renin plasma activity and plasma aldosterone were higher (p<0.05) in patients with true resistant hypertension than in those with white-coat resistant hypertension with normal plasma electrolyte balance. There were no significant differences in mean values of office systolic and diastolic blood pressures between white coat resistant hypertensives and true resistant hypertensives (165+17 vs 172+28 and 98+12 vs 102+14 mmHg).

Day-time and night-time ambulatory 24-h-systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the true resistant hypertensive patients when compared with white-coat resistant hypertensives (153+15 vs 124+10 mmHg and 97+9 vs 76+6 mmHg all p<0.001). Day-time and night-time ambulatory 24-h-heart rate were significantly higher in the true resistant hypertensive patients when compared with white-coat resistant hypertensives (79+11 vs 71+9 beats/min;p<0.01; 68+9 vs 60+6 beats/min. p<0.001). The ABP readings were analysed by a Fourier series with 4 harmonics. According to the runs test both two groups of patients showed a circadian rhythm for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The nocturnal fall in SBP, DBP and HR was not different in both groups of patients.

In conclusion, our findings showed that true resistant hypertensive patients were characterized both by higher heart rate and higher plasma renin activity values as an expression of a possible increased sympathetic activity. Thus, the combination of ABPM with the assessment of the clinical characteristics allow to differentiate better the true drug-resistant hypertension from the white coat resistant hypertension.     

Biweekly gemcitabine and cisplatin in platinum-resistant/refractory, paclitaxel-pretreated, ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: Synergism between gemcitabine and cisplatin is supported by preclinical and clinical data. The present study explores the efficacy of a biweekly regimen in platinum-resistant/refractory, paclitaxel-pretreated ovarian and peritoneal cancer. METHODS: 50 paclitaxel-pretreated patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma who had previously received paclitaxel chemotherapy, were treated with six cycles of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) followed by cisplatin 40 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: The median platinum-free interval (PFI) was 4 months while the median number of previous treatment lines was 2. Chemotherapy was well tolerated. Objective responses were observed in 31.5% of evaluable patients (n=35). CA125 response was observed in 68% of patients with elevated CA125 (n=41). Median overall survival (OS) was 13.2 months (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 10.2-16.2) while progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.9 months (95%CI: 3.5-6.4). A PFI of less than 3 months was associated with lower objective response rates (15.8% versus 50%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Biweekly gemcitabine and cisplatin is feasible for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian or peritoneal cancer and is associated with a favorable toxicity profile. In a population with recent exposure to platinum, a PFI of less than 3 months was the major factor influencing response to chemotherapy.