谷朊粉废水提取物在肉制品中的应用

介绍了一种从谷朊粉废水中提取戊聚糖的工艺,由此工艺得到的产品(戊聚糖质量分数约70%,蛋白质质量分数约20%)能较好地保持戊聚糖的特性.研究了其它添加剂(卡拉胶)对戊聚糖的乳化性,戊聚糖对肉制品持油、持水性以及其质构的影响.谷朊粉废弃水提取物与卡拉胶的复配产品在添加量(质量分数)为6%时能使肉制品有较好的持油性和相应的质构.     

How Frequent Are Asthma Exacerbations in a Pediatric Primary Care Setting and Do Written Asthma Action Plans Help in Their Management?

Purpose. In the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, the expert panel recommends that a written asthma action plan be provided for all patients with asthma. Studies evaluating the usefulness of the asthma action plan in children are limited. We aim to determine exacerbation frequency and usefulness of the asthma action plan in managing exacerbations that occur in a pediatric primary care setting. Methods. Caretakers of asthmatic children attending the general pediatric clinic in an inner-city hospital completed a one-page questionnaire covering topics such as asthma severity, frequency of exacerbations, and possession/usefulness of an asthma action plan. Although controversy exists over the definition of yellow and red zone exacerbations, we defined the yellow zone as symptoms that require albuterol more than three times a day or more than two nights in succession. The red zone was defined as symptoms requiring systemic corticosteroids and/or an urgent physician visit. Results. Seventy of 75 subjects completed the survey. Almost 80% of respondents carried the diagnosis of persistent asthma, whereas the remainder had intermittent asthma. Exacerbation frequency over a 3-month period was determined. Approximately 80% of children experienced at least one yellow zone episode: 42% had one or two yellow zone episodes, and 39.6% had between three and five episodes. Sixty-three percent of patients did not experience a single red zone exacerbation. Almost 75% (44 of 59) of subjects possessed an asthma action plan. Ninety percent (37 of 41) of respondents with action plans found the plan to be useful in managing exacerbations. Conclusion. Approximately four of every five asthmatic children seen in this primary care setting experienced a yellow zone exacerbation at least once during a 3-month period. One third experienced at least one red zone episode. Nine of every 10 caretakers with an action plan reported the asthma action plan to be of value in managing exacerbations.     

Metabolic changes following oral exposure to tetrachloroethylene in subtoxic concentrations

Mice were exposed to very small quantities of Per (0.05 and 0.1 mg Per/kg body weight per day) administered orally for 7 weeks. It was shown that Per was transported through the body by two separate mechanisms and was finally stored in the adipose tissue. On the one hand, Per reaches the interior of the membranes of red blood cells, leading to changes in the entire erythropoietic system. The membranes of the red blood cells are destroyed prematurely and its fragments are increasingly phagocytized in the spleen. The result is a high level of Per stored in the spleen. The increase in haemolysis was also demonstrated by showing an increase in LDH activity and the accumulation of haemosiderin in the macrophages in the spleen. Only 8 weeks following discontinuation of Per, these changes were reversible. On the other hand, Per is also transported with the chylomicrons. Since the lipoprotein lipase is inhibited by Per, these molecules are broken down to a lesser degree. The concentration of triglycerides (the major component of the chylomicrons) in the serum was elevated, and the chylomicrons were increasingly integrated into the adipose tissue, Per also reached this depot fat. It took as long as 16 weeks after discontinuation of Per until these changes were fully reversed and the experimental mice no longer differed from those in the control group.Abbreviations Per Perchloroethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene) - SGPT serum glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase - TCA trichloroacetic acid - TCE trichloroethanol - NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - PBS phosphate buffered saline - LDH lactate dehydrogenase - LDL low density lipoproteins - VLDL very low density lipoproteins     

癫痫患者的红细胞免疫粘附功能的初步研究

本文用Ｃ（３ｂ）受体花环试验及ＩＣ花环试验分别测定了５０例正常人及５０例癫痫患者的红细胞Ｃ（３ｂ）受体花环率及ＩＣ花环率。结果提示癫痫患者Ｃ（３ｂ）受体花环率（８．４６±３．９８％）明显低于正常对照组（１３．９２±４．３２％）（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＩＣ花环率（５．２２±２．５９％）稍低于正常对照组（５．９０±１．６７％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明癫痫患者的红细胞免疫粘附功能是低下的。文章还对影响正常人及癫痫患者红细胞免疫粘附功能的因素进行了讨论。     

马桑内酯所致癫痫发作大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能的研究

作者用红细胞Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环试验和红细胞免疫复合物花环试验对马桑内酯所致癫痫发作大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能的变化进行了观察，结果表明，癫痫组动物红细胞Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环率明显低于对照组，而红细胞免疫复合物花环率相差不显著．提示癫痫发作可导致大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能降低，因此在癫痫治疗中注意调整和增强患者的红细胞免疫功能具有重要意义。     

Cyclosporine in the treatment of azathioprine-induced red cell aplasia following renal transplantation

Azathioprine, a well-known immunosuppressive agent, is used extensively in renal transplantation. There have been several case reports of pure red cell aplasia induced by this drug following a successful kidney transplant. Previous management of azathioprine-induced red cell aplasia included reduction of azathioprine dose, or treatment with cyclophosphamide. We propose the substitution of cyclosporine for azathioprine, in this clinical setting. Not only does cyclosporine allow recovery of bone marrow function, but it maintains a level of immunosuppression which stabilizes renal function in the post-transplant patient.     

Failure of intramuscular antivenom in Red‐back spider envenoming

Four cases of Red‐back spider envenoming are reported in which there was minimal response to intramuscular antivenom. Intravenous antivenom was then administered in each case with almost complete resolution of symptoms. All cases were followed up to confirm the effect of treatment. This failure of intramuscular Red‐back antivenom raises the question of its efficacy. There has been no controlled trial to prove that intramuscular Red‐back antivenom is effective and animal work with other antivenoms has demonstrated the intramuscular formulation to have delayed and incomplete effects. Controlled studies should be undertaken to establish the effectiveness of intravenous and intramuscular Red‐back antivenom.     

新生儿红臀的病原学监测及治疗护理对策

目的探讨新生儿红臀继发感染的主要病原和合适的临床治疗护理方法,评价红臀患儿局部使用抗菌药物的价值.方法对2002年1月～2004年12月收治的132例新生儿的红臀进行病原学监测,并分为观察组和对照组,观察组在传统护理基础上加用含制霉菌素和氯霉素的激素软膏局部使用.比较2组红臀愈合时间.结果132例红臀患儿中,共获取细菌137株,真菌19株;122例(92.4%)存在合并感染的病原学证据;肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠杆菌是主要病原,分别占47.4%和19.2%;86例在传统护理基础上经应用含制霉菌素和氯霉素的激素软膏,愈合时间为(4.5±1.8)d,较传护理愈合时间(6.2±3.5)d明显缩短(t=3.083,p＜0.01).结论新生儿红臀常继发各种细菌和真菌感染,局部使用抗菌药物和合理适当的护理可加快红臀的愈合.     

Zinc ions and alkaline PH alter the phosphorylated state of proteins 3 and 4.2 in human erythrocyte membranes

The phosphorylation patterns of isolated red blood cell (RBC) membranes labeled with [ γ-³²p]ATP are altered by Zn⁺⁺ ions. Zn⁺⁺ ions caused an increased phosphate incorporation into a 72 KDa protein and several proteins in the 40–60 KDa region and a decrease in the labeling of a 53 KDa protein. The 72 KDa and 53 KDa proteins have been identified as protein 4.2 and a protease-cleaved fragment of protein 3, respectively. Evidence suggests that the changes in phosphorylation pattern may be due to the stimulation of endogenous membrane alkaline phosphatase(s). Our results suggest that Zn⁺⁺, at physiological concentrations in the intact erythrocyte, could modulate the phosphorylation of selected proteins which may regulate their association in the cytoskeletal network.     

Formation of new corticorubral synapses as a mechanism for classical conditioning in the cat

An electron microscopic quantitative study of corticorubral synapses was performed in the cat which acquired classical conditioning. Conditioned stimulus was applied to the cerebral peduncle and the unconditioned stimulus was an electrical shock to the forelimb skin. The proportion of corticorubral synapses contacting with somata and proximal dendrite was increased after conditioning. It was suggested that collateral sprouting and the formation of new synapses underlie classical conditioning.