Radial augmentation index is related to cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients

Cardiovascular accidents related to atherosclerosis are the leading cause of death among hemodialysis patients, which makes continuous monitoring of their cardiovascular status crucial. Recently, a handy device for monitoring the augmentation index (AIx) in the radial artery was introduced in Japan, enabling the use of the AIx in addition to pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the management of hemodialysis patients. In this study the AIx, PWV, abdominal aortic calcification index (ACI), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were serially assessed in 108 hemodialysis patients. The radial AIx was monitored using a newly introduced tonometer (HEM-9010AI), and the interrelationships among the measured parameters and their contributions to the risk of cardiovascular accidents were evaluated. The radial AIx was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients than in healthy subjects (N = 50) and was well correlated with risk markers such as LVMI (r = 0.30, P = 0.019) and ACI (r = 0.38, P < 0.001), but not with PWV. Multiregression analysis showed that radial AIx was also significantly associated with LVMI, ACI and blood pressure; PWV was associated with other parameters such as age, blood pressure, and ACI. The AIx and ACI were both significantly increased in patients with cardiovascular complications. Although PWV was strongly increased in the hemodialysis patients, it failed to discriminate between these subgroups of high-risk patients. The radial AIx is closely associated with aortic calcification, cardiac hypertrophy, and a history of cardiovascular accidents in hemodialysis patients, and could be a useful marker for management of these patients.     

老年高血压患者动态血压与动脉硬化的相关性

目的：探讨老年原发性高血压患者动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)与动脉脉搏波传导速度以及颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性,评价AASI对老年高血压患者早期动脉硬化的预测价值。方法选择2012年11月~2014年5月南通大学附属医院分院老年原发性高血压患者104例。所有患者均给予颈动脉超声检查和24 h动态血压监测,并用臂踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)自动测量装置测定baPWV。根据颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)分为IMT正常组(n=28)、IMT增厚组(n=42)和斑块形成组(n=34)。根据动态血压参数按照文献方法计算AASI,比较三组的动态血压指标、AASI及baPWV,并对患者的动态血压参数、AASI、baPWV与颈动脉IMT的关系进行相关性分析。结果①24 h脉压(24 hPP)在IMT增厚组与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在IMT增厚组与斑块形成组比较,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);②AASI、baPWV在IMT正常组、IMT增厚组与斑块形成组比较,差异均有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);③Pearson相关分析显示,颈动脉IMT与AASI及baPWV均呈正相关(r=0.604、0.587,P<0.01),AASI与baPWV呈正相关(r=0.0567,P<0.01)。结论24hPP、AASI以及baPWV均与老年高血压患者的颈动脉粥样硬化关系密切,但AASI是更简易的评价早期动脉硬化的指标。     

脉搏指数连续心输出量技术在重型颅脑损伤液体管理中的应用分析

目的 探究脉搏指数连续输出量技术(PICCO)在重型颅脑损伤液体管理中的临床应用.方法 选取入住ICU的重型颅脑损伤患者50例,采用随机数字表分为3组.实验组17例,采用脉搏指数连续输出量技术(PICCO)分析指导液体管理;对照A组17例,采用检测中心静脉压技术(CVP)指导液体管理;对照B组16例,采用无创伤脑血管血液动力学检查分析仪(CBA)指导液体管理.各组通过不同方式检测患者血液动力学参数,通过观测结果进行液体管理.比较3组患者ICU住院时间、格拉斯哥昏迷评分、神经源性肺水肿发生率以及患者病死率等参数.结果①3组患者ICU住院时间比较:实验组患者住院时间显著小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照A组患者的住院时间与对照B组患者住院时间相仿,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②3组患者格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)情况:治疗后,3组患者GCS评分均有所升高,且实验组较对照组显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照A组与对照B组GCS评分相仿,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);③3组患者神经源性肺水肿发生率及病死率比较:治疗后,实验组患者的神经源性肺水肿发生率(3.3％)显著低于对照组(A:10％、B:10％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);实验组患者病死率(3.3％)显著低于对照组(A:6.7％、B:6.7％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 脉搏指数连续输出量技术(PICCO)能精确、全面地反映患者血液动力学各项指标,医护人员通过PICCO显示的各项参数,可对患者进行准确的血液管理,有效减少患者ICU住院时间、提高格拉斯哥昏迷评分、降低患者神经源性肺水肿发生率及患者病死率,对重型颅脑损伤患者的血液管理具有重要价值,值得推广.     

Home-measured pulse pressure is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: The KAMOGAWA-HBP study

Background and aimsPulse pressure (PP) is a prognostic predictor of cardiovascular mortality. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between home PP measurements and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods and resultsHome blood pressure was measured for 14 consecutive days in 1082 patients with type 2 diabetes, and pulse pressure was calculated.A 10 mmHg increase in morning PP was associated with a 1.30-fold increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. The risk of cardiovascular disease was 1.88 times higher in the morning in the higher PP group than in the lower PP group. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the areas under the curve (95% confidence interval) corresponding to the PP (morning, evening, and clinic) for new-onset cardiovascular disease were 0.63 (0.58–0.69), 0.62 (0.57–0.67), and 0.59 (0.54–0.64), respectively. The area under the curve for PP measured in the morning was significantly greater than that for PP measured in the clinic (P = 0.032).ConclusionHome-measured PP is a better predictor of new-onset cardiovascular disease than clinic-measured PP, in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

代谢健康型肥胖与动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨在40岁以上的中国社区人群中,代谢健康型肥胖与动脉粥样硬化患病风险的相关性。方法来自上海嘉定社区共9525名不伴有心血管疾病的居民(男性3621名、女性5904名)参与了本项研究。每位参与者均完成了调查问卷、体格检查[包括肱踝脉搏波传导速度(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,baPWV)和血压(blood pressure,BP)的测量],以及实验室检查。根据体重指数(body mass index,BMI)和代谢水平,将参与者分为4组,分别是代谢健康型非肥胖(metabolically healthy non-obese,MHNO)、代谢不健康型非肥胖(metabolically unhealthy non-obese,MUNO)、代谢健康型肥胖(metabolically healthy obese,MHO)和代谢不健康型肥胖(metabolically unhealthy obese,MUO)。baPWV>1400 mm/s被定义为高baPWV水平,脉压差(pulse pressure,PP)高于人群上四分位数被定义为高PP水平。利用多元logistic回归分析模型探究MHO与高baPWV水平以及高PP水平之间的相关性。结果多元logistic回归分析显示,在校正性别、年龄、当前吸烟、当前饮酒及受教育程度之后,与MHNO组比较,MHO组人群与高baPWV水平(OR=1.18,95%CI 1.02~1.37)和高PP水平(OR=1.72,95%CI 1.43~2.08)有显著相关性。另外,MUNO和MUO组人群的高baPWV水平(MUNO为OR=3.02,95%CI 2.60~3.50;MUO为OR=3.26,95%CI 2.87~3.70)和高PP水平(MUNO为OR=2.56,95%CI 2.17~3.02;MUO为OR=3.49,95%CI 3.01~4.06)患病风险显著升高。结论中国社区中老年人群中,MHO与动脉粥样硬化患病风险升高有显著相关性。     

脉压与动脉弹性功能相关性研究

目的　探讨高血压时脉压 (PP)与动脉顺应性的相关性及其对血管损伤程度、疗效、预后的预示价值。方法　采用HDICVProfilorDO - 2 0 2 0无创动脉功能测定仪 (美国HDI公司 ) ,对 2 0 1例健康人及 139例高血压患者同时进行BP、PP、C1、C2测定。结果　 (1)高血压组与健康人组比较PP、C1、C2有显著性差异 ,PP增大、C1、C2降低 ;(2 )PP与C1、C2呈显著负相关 ;(3)PP≥ 6 0mmHg者较PP <6 0mmHg者C1、C2显著降低 ;(4)血压正常者 (健康人或降压治疗后血压正常 )PP≥ 6 0mmHg者C1、C2明显低于PP <6 0mmHg者 ;(5 )降压治疗者比未治疗者PP下降、C2显著升高。结论　 (1)PP与C1、C2不仅为动脉血管损伤的预示指标 ,而且可预测动脉功能的损伤程度 ;(2 )PP为进展性心血管病的后期指标 ,C2为早期心血管病的预测指标 ;(3)降压治疗可部分修复小动脉内皮功能损伤 ,减小脉压     

糖代谢异常和糖尿病患者脉压的研究

目的:脉压与心脑血管疾病相关,糖代谢异常和2型糖尿病也是心脑血管疾病的危险因子,但是脉压与糖代谢异常、2型糖尿病的关系未见在我国人群中的研究报道。方法:对2 420例常规健康体检者进行血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、收缩压、舒张压、脉压和体重指数(BMI)测定,观察脉压与糖代谢异常和2型糖尿病的关系。为了避免年龄对脉压的影响,我们将所有被检查者以年龄分为3组(40~54岁组、55~69岁组和≥70岁组)。结果:40~54岁者脉压、收缩压、舒张压、BMI和甘油三酯在糖代谢异常和2型糖尿病组明显升高(P<0.01),总胆固醇在各组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。55~69岁者只有脉压在糖代谢异常和2型糖尿病组中明显升高(P<0.05)。年龄≥70岁组中,所有观察指标在各组之间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:脉压在年龄<70岁的糖代谢异常和2型糖尿病患者中升高。脉压升高预示着心脑血管疾病危险因素的存在。     

依那普利与吲哒帕胺对高血压患者中心和外周动脉压的影响

目的比较依那普利和吲哒帕胺对中心动脉压和外周动脉压的影响。方法采用随机双盲方法,经2周的安慰剂洗脱后,年龄30—75岁的轻、中度原发性高血压患者被随机分为依那普利组（10mg,1次／d）或吲哒帕胺组（2．5mg,1次／d）,共治疗8周。所有患者在开始服药前及研究结束时均做脉搏波检查。只有完成8周治疗的患者列入最终分析。结果共有101例患者（依那普利组51例,吲哒帕胺组50例）完成该研究,治疗前两组间的各参数基线水平差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0,05）。经8周治疗后,与基线值比较,除心率和吲哒帕胺组的反射波增压指数无显著变化外,脉搏波所有观察指标均显著下降;两组间比较,除依那普利组中心动脉收缩压、反射波增压、反射波增压指数显著低于吲哒帕胺组外,其他指标差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）;依那普利组中心动脉收缩压和脉压下降值显著大于肱动脉,而吲哒帕胺组未见显著性差异。结论依那普利和吲哒帕胺降低外周动脉压效果相似,但依那普利降低中心动脉收缩压和反射波增压指数更显著,这可能与该药使波反射降低有关。