血液非正常报废的原因分析及预防措施

目的探讨血液非正常报废的原因,为更有利地利用血液资源提供依据。方法全部统计资料均来源于本血站计算机管理系统,计算出不同项目的百分比及不同品种的数量。结果2010年全年在本地区献血人群中,血液制备中常见的5个品种,35858袋的血液。非正常报废率占0．36％,按报废的时间、品种及原因分类整理。统计非正常报废血比例并分析。报废的血液产品中血浆数量最多,而脂肪血是非正常报废的主要原因。结论为减少血液的浪费,主要做好献血前宣教及咨询指导工作,严把体检质量关,同时完善改进骚潮模式,减少不必要的报废,确保血液质量和输血安全。     

医院多重耐药菌感染现状分析及预防措施

目的分析医院多重耐药(MDR)菌感染的现状,加强感染的防治.方法回顾性分析2008~2011年912例住院患者MDR菌感染的病历资料.结果 MDR菌在痰液标本中分离率最高,检出率为24.3%;其次为尿液标本,检出率为22.2%;分泌物检出率19.3%;脓液标本检出率8.7%.MDR菌的年份分布:2008年96株(10.5%);2009年183株(20.1%);2010年294株(32.2%);2011年339株(37.2%).MDR菌在临床科室的构成比:呼吸内科13.5%;泌尿外科11.8%;妇产科11.4%;消化内科10.9%;肛肠科9.4%;心内科 7.7%;普通外科6.7%;急诊科 6.5%;骨伤科 6.0%.该院 MDR 菌株以产 ESBLs 的大肠埃希菌为主,检出486株,占总数的53.3%;其次为产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌78株,占8.6%;粪肠球菌59株,占6.5%;其他菌株289株,占31.7%.结论该院MDR菌的感染以产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌居多,患者MDR菌的感染部位以呼吸道为主,感染科室以呼吸内科为主,MDR菌的感染呈逐年上升的趋势.合理应用抗菌药物是控制MDR菌感染产生的关键,MDR菌的感染已日趋严重,应加强监测、预防与控制.     

急性脑梗死合并肺部感染危险因素、转归及防治措施的临床分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死合并肺部感染的危险因素、转归及防治措施。方法回顾性分析本院收治的775例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据是否合并肺部感染分为感染组238例和非感染组537例。分析肺部感染发生率与年龄、基础疾病、病情轻重及转归的关系。结果高龄、基础疾病多、脑干梗死、大面积脑梗死者肺部感染率及病死率明显升高。结论加强基础护理,控制危险因素,早期、合理、有效使用抗生素,可有效降低急性脑梗死合并肺部感染的发生率。     

胸外科护士对肿瘤患者护理认知现状的调查及对策

目的 了解胸外科护士对肿瘤患者护理的认知现状,探讨提高心胸外科肿瘤患者护理水平的对策及措施.方法 2009年11月至2010年11月,选取某市5家医院的150名心胸外科护士作为研究对象,对其采用自制的心胸外科肿瘤患者护理认知调查表进行调查,统计150名护士对心胸外科肿瘤患者护理中的健康宣教、心理护理、死亡教育、癌痛护理等知识的认知情况.结果 经调查,150名心胸外科护士对肿瘤患者护理知识中的健康宣教相关知识掌握最好,平均得分为(88.6±11.3)分;对死亡教育的相关知识掌握最差,平均得分为(64.5±21.6)分;5家医院的护士对心理护理及癌痛护理相关知识掌握程度差异较大,A医院和C、D医院护士在心理护理相关知识的掌握程度方面差异显著,B医院与A、E、F医院护士在癌痛护理相关知识掌握程度方面差异显著.结论 根据对心胸外科护士对肿瘤患者护理认知现状的调查,采取针对性的理论及实践培训,可使心胸外科护士提高对心胸外科肿瘤患者护理相关知识的认识水平,提高对肿瘤患者针对性的护理质量.     

Analytic Process from the Perspective of Conflict and Interpersonal/Relational Theory: A Potential Linguistic Indicator

Abstract

There is a great deal of disagreement about the definition and therapeutic value of an analytic process (AP). Does it exist? If it does, how to determine its presence, how to measure it, and in what kinds of treatments does it occur? In this article I highlight some of the literature from the “classical” school (such as by members of a COPE Study Group from the American Psychoanalytic Association (Committee on Psychoanalytic Education)), as well as from Theodore Jacobs, whom I consider to be an intermediate figure, and members of the “relational/interpersonal” school: Philip Bromberg, Edgar Levenson, and Donnel Stern. This selective review reveals three broad conceptualizations of the AP. It occurs (1) within the patient and is understood by the analyst via the patient’s words; (2) within the patient as revealed to the analyst both by the patient’s words and actions as well as by the analyst’s understanding of his or her own subjective experience in response to the analysand; and (3) as a result of the real interaction between patient and analyst, and not as a result of the vicissitudes of the patient’s transferences. All of these conceptualizations maintain that the AP can only be observed in the flow of what occurs between analysand and analyst over a period of time. Some empirical measures, which assess the presence or absence of an AP are noted. Yet, they are not generally employed in theoretical or clinical discussions, including supervision. Four decades ago, Brian Bird noted that “conclusions [about the analytic process] stem more often from assertions than from evidence and reasonable inferences.” This article emphasizes that analysts need to integrate systematic empirical studies with clinical approaches.     

半夏总生物碱对6-OHDA诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用及机制

目的探讨半夏总生物碱(TAPT)对6羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)诱导的大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞PC12细胞株损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法通过不同剂量TAPT预处理PC12细胞后,加入6-OHDA诱导氧化应激损伤。采用甲基噻唑基四唑比色法(MTT法)检测PC12细胞活力、天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)活性检测试剂盒测定caspase-3活性、黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测细胞总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力,硫代巴比妥法检测丙二醛(MDA)的含量、按Fenton反应原理检测抑制羟自由基(·OH)的能力。结果浓度为100μmol/L的6-OHDA作用PC12细胞24h后,与正常对照组相比,细胞活力明显降低(P<0.05),T-SOD活性和抑制·OH的能力明显下降(P<0.05),而MDA含量和caspase-3活性明显升高(P<0.05);与6-OHDA组相比,TAPT处理组的PC12细胞活力逐渐升高(P<0.05),T-SOD活性和抑制·OH的能力明显上升(P<0.05),而MDA含量和caspase-3活性明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 TAPT对6-OHDA诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有一定的保护作用;提高T-SOD活性和抑制·OH的能力及降低MDA含量和caspase-3活性可能是其作用机制之一。     

Chronological and subjective age differences in flourishing mental health and major depressive episode

Mental health is more than the absence of psychopathology, but few studies use positive mental health along with a measure of past year major depressive episode (MDE). This study addresses this gap by investigating the association of MDE and flourishing mental health (FMH) with chronological age and subjective (felt and ideal) age. Data are from the Midlife in the United States random digit dialing sample of adults ages 25 to 74, collected in 1995 (n = 3032). Rates of MDE were lowest, and FMH highest, among the three oldest age cohorts (45-54, 55-64, 65-74 years). Subjective age was linked with chronological age; with age, adults tend to feel younger, and want to be an age that is younger, than their actual age. As predicted by the model of subjective age as an adaptive strategy, feeling younger was related to a lower risk of MDE and a higher risk of FMH. However, wanting to be younger was related to a lower risk of FMH and unrelated to MDE.     

喀什地区草原虫害危害现状及防治措施

本文主要介绍了喀什地区草原虫害发生现状以及虫害发生的原因,并提出了喀什地区草原虫害的几项防治措施.     

古代经典名方中方药剂量折算原则考证

由于各历史时期度量衡制度及中医临床方药用量的差异,导致了历代方药剂量与折算标准的不同,因此在对经典名方中方药剂量进行折算时,应当遵守传承精华、古为今用、古今衔接、凝聚共识的原则,并首先依据历代度量衡制度对方药剂量作出折算。若折算剂量明显超出2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》的规定,则在保证原方药物用量比例不变的前提下,一方一议,参考专家共识、结合药物安全性评价进行折算;对于以非标准单位计量的药物,则综合文献分析与实物测量给出折算范围。对于服量的折算,以原文为依据,参考不同时代的计量标准进行折算;若原文服量不明确,则依据该方剂的历代演变,参考相关古籍并结合现代应用确定折算服量。最终确定经典名方的折算标准为汉唐时期一两折合今之13.8 g,一升折合今之200 mL;唐代一分折合今之3.45 g;宋金元时期一钱折合今之4.13 g,一盏折合今之300 mL;明清时期一钱折合今之3.73 g,一杯及一盅均折合为今之200 mL。对于以非标准计量单位记录的药物,则需要在综合分析确定其基原的情况下,进行实测以确定其折算标准,必要时,可通过对照成书年代相近的医书中对于功效主治相同或相近的同名方剂药物剂量的不同记载来辅助确定折算标准。通过对古代经典名方中方药剂量折算原则的解析,有助于经典名方的临床应用和成药开发。