Orthogonal Design on Range Hood with Air Curtain and Its Effects on Kitchen Environment

Conventional range hoods cannot effectively prevent the oil fumes containing cooking-induced harmful material from escaping into the kitchen Air curtains and guide plates have been used in range hoods to reduce the escape of airborne emissions and heat, thereby improving the kitchen environment and the cook's degree of comfort. In this article, numerical simulations are used to study the effects of the jet velocity of an air curtain, the jet angle of the air curtain, the width of the jet slot, the area of the guide plate, and the exhaust rate of the range hood on the perceived temperature, the perceived concentration of oil fumes, the release temperature of oil fumes, and the concentration of escaped oil fumes in a kitchen. The orthogonal experiment results show that the exhaust rate of the range hood is the main factor influencing the fumes concentration and the temperature distribution in the kitchen. For the range hood examined in the present study, the optimum values of the exhaust rate, the jet velocity of the air curtain, the jet angle of the air curtain, the width of the jet slot, and the area of the guide plate are 10.5 m³/min, 1.5 m/s, ?5°, 4 mm, and 0.22 m², respectively, based on the results of the parametric study. In addition, the velocity field, temperature field, and oil fumes concentration field in the kitchen using the proposed range hood with the air curtain and guide plate are analyzed for those parameters. The study's results provide significant information needed for improving the kitchen environment.     

Assessing speech dysfunction using BOLD and acoustic analysis in parkinsonism

IntroductionSpeech dysfunction is often associated with parkinsonism (Parkinson's disease (PD), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)), along with characteristic motor features. Any or all of the following i.e. respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, or articulatory components of speech production may be affected. Articulatory imprecision, repetition of syllables (tachyphrenia), and tremor of oropharyngeal structures add to speech unintelligibility. We studied acoustics using spectrogram and its correlation with BOLD activation during voice/speech production across these subjects.MethodsBOLD studies were conducted on 108 subjects (29 PD, 20 MSA and 19 PSP and 40 controls) on 1.5 T MR scanner using 130 dynamics. Active phase involved acquisition (10 volumes each) of audible reading of visually presented bi-syllabic meaningful Hindi simple words (5 types of non-nasal stop consonant categories, i.e. namely velars, palatals, retroflexes, dentals, bilabials and one nasal stop consonant) with interleaved silence during baseline. The subjects' voice samples were analyzed for acoustic parameters, namely formant frequencies of the adjoining vowels, voice onset time (VOT), and intensities using spectrogram. Correlation of BOLD activation in different brain areas with acoustic parameters was evaluated.ResultsVoice intensity was significantly lowered, while VOTs were delayed in these patients as compared to healthy controls. All acoustic parameters were significantly affected for nasal consonants. BOLD activation correlated positively in primary motor cortex to VOTs, while F₂ formants to activation of supplementary motor area.ConclusionThe differences in the acoustic quality of various stop consonants in patients may be helpful in differentiating these three parkinsonian disorders.     

全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞在老年髋关节置换术中的应用效果

目的观察全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞在老年髋关节置换术中的临床疗效。方法将70例老年髋关节置换术患者随机分成试验组和对照组,对照组采用气管插管静脉全麻,而试验组采用全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞,比较两组术中麻醉药用量及拔管前后生命体征变化。结果试验组患者的麻醉药物丙泊酚、芬太尼、维库溴铵、瑞芬太尼少于对照组(P0.05);试验组苏醒及拔管时间缩短,疼痛、躁动发生率减少(P0.05);试验组生命体征较对照组更为稳定(P0.05)。结论全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞用于老年髋关节置换手术,用药少,能更好地维持患者的症状。     

FRAX and mandibular sparse trabeculation as fracture predictors: a longitudinal study from 1980 to 2002

The fracture assessment tool (FRAX) is widely used for predicting fractures, but better methods are needed. The aim of this study was to determine whether visual assessments of mandibular trabecular bone could improve FRAX predictions. Three age‐cohorts of women were examined twice – 499 women in 1980/1981 and 412 women in 1992/1993; 397 participated in both examinations. Information on 10‐yr fracture events was available, and bone trabeculation was assessed in radiographs as ‘dense’, ‘mixed’, or ‘sparse’. Fracture assessment tool values, without bone mineral density (BMD), were calculated twice. Both sparse trabeculation and FRAX >15% were associated with a twofold higher risk for future fracture in the younger group and with a three‐ to fourfold higher risk for future fracture in the older group. For those with both FRAX >15% and sparse trabeculation, the relative risk (RR) for a fracture in the next 10 yr was 5.9 (95% CI: 3.5–9.8) in the younger group and 22.7 (95% CI: 5.6–92) in the older group. If either FRAX >15% or sparse trabeculation was present, the RR was 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7–4.1) in the younger group and 15.7 (95% CI: 3.9–6.4) in the older group. We concluded that FRAX >15%, without BMD measurements, was an effective fracture predictor, and mandibular sparse trabeculation had a substantial additive effect. Together, FRAX plus mandibular sparse trabeculation predicts major osteoporotic fractures to approximately the same extent as does FRAX with BMD measurements.     

慢性HBV感染孕妇心理压力源的质性研究

目的了解慢性HBV感染孕妇主要的心理压力源。方法采用质性研究中的现象学方法，深入访谈9例慢性HBV感染孕妇，了解其心理压力状况。结果HBV感染孕妇妊娠期心理压力源主要包括：担心孩子被传染、对在传染病医院分娩的顾虑、对分娩方式和喂养方式选择的顾虑、担心自身健康、对承担母亲角色的顾虑。结论医护人员应结合乙肝孕妇的自身特点做好相应的健康指导和心理支持以减轻乙肝孕妇的心理压力。同时应进一步加大对公众的宣传力度，为乙肝患者营造一个公平、友好的社会氛围。     

饮食因素与胰腺癌的相关性

目的:探讨多种饮食因素与胰腺癌危险性的关系,为该病防治提供科学依据.方法:2007-09/2009-10在上海部分门诊和医院确诊的97例胰腺癌病例纳入病例组,按年龄、性别配比选择未患肿瘤的人群194例纳入对照组,用统一的调查表以相同的询问方式和态度进行问卷调查.对获取的资料用条件logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析.结果:经多因素分析结果显示:甜食(OR=4.706)与胰腺癌呈正相关.洋葱(OR=0.068)、山药(OR=0.301)、红薯(OR=0.178)和水果(OR=0.299)与胰腺癌呈负相关.结论:饮食因素在胰腺癌的发生过程中可能起着重要作用.