日本私立大学管理体制特色概说

日本私立大学以其历史长、比例大、质量高而著称,这很大程度源于其独特的管理。私立大学在处理学校与国家、学校与学院的关系以及学校中教育活动与管理活动的关系方面都形成了自己的特色。因此,探讨其先进的管理理念和管理运行体制,以期对当前高等教育改革有所借鉴。     

湛江市非公有制企业妇女病普查结果分析

目的: 了解湛江市非公有制企业女职工生殖健康状况, 制定有效的防护措施。方法: 回顾分析 1 000例妇科病、乳腺疾病普查。结果: 已婚女职工妇检率城区高于郊区, 成年妇女主要患病率顺序为阴道炎 26. 04%, 宫颈炎 22 68%, 乳腺疾病 13 .50%, 子宫肌瘤 4 .56%, 慢性盆腔炎 2 .01%。结论: 以防治生殖道感染为中心, 同时关注子宫颈癌, 提高妇女自我保健能力是当前妇女保健工作的重要任务。     

重庆某民办高校学生社会支持与心理健康的关系

目的探讨民办高校学生社会支持特点及其与心理健康的关系,为民办高校学生心理健康教育提供科学参考。方法采用社会支持评定量表和SCL-90对220名民办高校学生进行问卷调查。结果大约有1/4的被试存在轻度心理症状;社会支持高分组在SCL总分及9个因子上的得分都低于社会支持低分组(p<0.05);社会支持总分与心理健康总分呈负相关(p<0.01);社会支持对心理健康起预测作用的主要成分是主观支持。结论民办高校学生的社会支持与心理健康水平呈正相关。     

A brief private group practice rotation changes junior medical students' perception of the surgical lifestyle

BACKGROUND: Surgical practice is often perceived by students as a stressful and demanding lifestyle in which personal and family issues take low priority. For students to receive a more balanced view of surgical practice, we instituted a private practice preceptorship during the last week of our junior surgery clerkship in 2001. We hypothesized that a 4-day preceptorship with surgeons in private practice would improve student perception of surgery as a valid career choice without compromising student educational performance. METHODS: From January to December 2002, 107 junior medical students were assigned to a brief preceptorship with volunteer private practice surgeons during the surgery clerkship (group 1), while 28 students did not participate in the preceptorship (group 2). We assessed student satisfaction via questionnaire and compared student grade performance between groups. RESULTS: One hundred two questionnaires (95%) were returned. Overall, the preceptor experience was rated positively (9.0+/-0.1) based on a 10-point Likert scale. All students commented on the educational or enjoyment value of the preceptorship, with 44% specifically stating that the lifestyle in private surgical practice appeared pleasant. Interestingly, 9% of students volunteered that the experience had swayed them to consider surgery as a career. Twenty-four percent of questionnaires contained negative comments, mainly concerning not enough "hands-on" participation. Grades for the clerkship did not decrease in group 1 when compared with group 2 or with historic controls (n=113). CONCLUSIONS: A 4-day private practice preceptorship at the end of the junior surgery clerkship favorably alters student perceptions of a surgical career without diminishing student grade performance.     

Is methadone maintenance provided by private practitioners effective?

Summary Objectives:Involvement of private practitioners in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) enhances its availability. However, effectiveness of such treatments is still debated.Methods:A retrospective case register analysis comparing the retention of private practices with that of specialised institutions. All methadone maintenance treatment starting between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 1999. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates to test for different retention times; Cox-regression procedure to control for baseline differences between the two populations.Results:Even after controlling for distinct patient characteristics, MMT by private practitioners resulted in a longer retention time.Conclusions:Our findings favour the involvement of private practitioners. Providing better professional and financial support may enhance their participation.

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Wie effektiv sind Methadonbehandlungen in Privatpraxen

     

乡镇卫生院医院感染管理中存在问题及对策

目的 加强乡镇卫生院、民营医院医院感染管理工作，以降低医院感染发生率。方法 对域区内二级以下的乡镇卫生院、民营医院开展医院感染管理调查。结果 医院感染管理工作中存在问题突出且严重，主要是领导不重视，组织不健全，制度不完善，医务人员缺乏医院感染管理相关知识，医院感染管理、监测、控制滞后，消毒灭菌不规范等不安全医疗隐患较多。结论 乡镇卫生院、民营医院是医院感染管理工作中的一个薄弱环节，各县医院感染管理分中心需加强管理。     

某私立学校初三学生考试成败归因特点

目的了解私立学校初三学生考试成败归因特点,为私立学校初中毕业生心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用中小学生考试成败归因量表对私立学校学生236名进行调查。结果“成败”是影响学生考试结果归因的主要因素,“性别”与“生源地”的作用很小。学生在归因时存在“自利性归因偏差”,并且有“习得性无助感”。失败后的期望显著高于成功情景,且认为失败结果可以改变并为之努力。结论需进一步探讨情感、人格等因素对学生考试成败归因的影响。     

Breaking the inertia in coverage: Mainstreaming under-utilized immunization strategies in the Middle East and North Africa region

Vaccination coverage rates have stagnated in the past several years in many middle-income countries (MICs), especially in the UNICEF Middle East and North Africa region, with political and economic turmoil as contributing factors. This paper reviews country experiences with three under-utilized strategies aimed at increasing vaccination coverage and reducing disparities between socio-economic and geographic groups in MICs. These strategies include: (1) identifying and accounting for displaced, mobile and neglected populations; (2) assessing and addressing missed opportunities for vaccination, including by expanding immunization into the second year of life and beyond; and (3) engaging effectively with the private/nongovernmental health providers in the coordination, provision and reporting of immunization services. The examples focus primarily on quality data collection, analysis, use and reporting aspects of the strategies. While data are limited, there is evidence from MICs that each of these strategies can have a positive impact on vaccination coverage, especially among marginalized populations.     

私立与公立学校初中学生心理健康状况及自我意识的比较研究

目的：了解私立中学学生的一般心理及自我意识状况。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、儿童自我意识量表（PHC—SS）分别对115名私立学校、186名公立学校的初中生进行问卷调查。结果：除精神病性一项外，两类学校学生SCL-90总分及各因子分均存在明显差异，私立学校均高于公立学校；除“智力与学校”一项外，私立学校的学生在自我意识方面低于公立学校的学生，差异有显著性；除“智力与学校”外，私立学校学生SCL-90总分及各因子分与自我意识的各因子分均呈负相关，差异有显著性。结论：私立中学学生存在明显一般心理及自我意识障碍，应加强对其进行心理行为干预。